Unduh: Panduan pelajaran

61
B. Lengkapkan/ah ka/imat-ka/imat di bawah ini dengan menu/iskan 'slare atau are some pada
Contoh: There.,..
.. .six people
Contoh: There
here.
apples on the shelf.
Jawab: There are six people here.
Jawab: There are some apples on the shelf.
1. There..
.
twenty students in
that room.
2. There.
.. a refrigerator in my
kitchen.
3. There
.
a physics department
at the university.
4. There
in the garden.
5. There
library.
6. There.
my office.
PELAJARAN NO. 15 -
trees
10,000 books in the
.
clerks in
LESSON NO. 15
BAGA/MANA MENGH/NDAR/ BERULANGNYA PEMAKA/AN KATA BENDA (/anjutan) ­
PEMAKA/AN KA TA GANTI
Da/am Pe/ajaran 12 kita mempe/ajari
• bagaimana kita menyebutkan kembeli kata benda yang sudah disebut sebelumnve. dan
• cara kita menghindari pemekeien kata itu beru/ang-ka/i, yang kedengarannya keku.
(a) Kadang-kadang kita memakai the: I like that tune. - Well, I like the tune, but not the
words.(word = kata)
(b) Dan kita sering memakai ket« ganti: I like that tune. - Yes, I like it too.
t.
Kata ganti yang dipakai 0/ MUKA kata kerja (TlNJAUAN KEMBALI)
Mrs Smart likes Iwan.
Mr Smart knows Chris.
t
HE
dan
knows Chris.
~
dan demikian pu/a ...
SHE likes Iwan.
The rice is in the kitchen. It's in the kitchen. The eat's there too. It's there too.
Iwan and Chris are students. They're students. Their books are here. They're here.
.
vee.:
....)
(Dan tentu saja saudara tahu: L......you.
2.
Kala ganti yang dipakai 0/ BELAKANG kata kerja
(Lihat/ah contoh di atas.)
Mr Smart knows Chris.
HE
knows
t
HIM.
Masih ingat kata it dari Pe/ajaran 121
Mr Smart knows Chris. He teaches him. He likes
him,
(CATATAN:Hedimukakatakerja, him di be/akang
kata kerja.)
62
Iwan likes Helen.
Iwan knows Helen. He often visits her. He likes
her.
(CATATAN: She di muka kata kerjs, her di
be/akang kata kerja.)
+
He likes HER.
Don meets a lot of people.
~
He meets THEM.
He meets a lot of people. He talks to them about
insurance.
(CATATAN: They di muka kata kerj«. them di
be/akang kata kerja.)
I di muka kata kerje, tetepi me di be/akang kata kerja: I know YOU and YOU know ME.
(= Saya mengena/ saudara dan saudara mengena/ saya.)
We di muks ket» kerja, us di be/akang kata kerja: WE know THEM and THEY know US.
(= Kami/Kita mengena/ mereka dan mereka mengena/ kami/kita.)
di muka kata kerja
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
--+
--+
.~
--+
-+
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
/KHT1SAR KATA GANT/
di be/akang kata kerja
Bentuk kuat
B entuk /emah
(diberi tekanan) (tanpa tekanan)
[MTj
[mi]
[YU]
[yu]
[im]
[HIM]
[Ha]
[a]
[IT]
[at]
[AS]
[as]
[DHEM]
[dham]
menunjukkan milik
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
CA TATAN:
(i) Catatan mengenai BENTUK yang bermacam-macam
Perhatikan/ah bahwa beberapa kata ganti (misa/nya you) tidak berubah bentuknya meskipun
pemakaiannya berubah deri ke/ompok 1 ke ke/ompok 2. Da/am ikhtisar di etes. kata-kata ganti yang
berubah bentuknya ditandai dengan tanda panah. Pe/ajari/ah baik-baik.
{ii} Catatan mengenai UCAPAN kata-kata ganti yang baru
Beberapa kata ganti da/am bagian tengah ikhtisar di atas mempunyai dua ucapan yang berbeda ­
kuat (diberi tekanan) dan /emah (tanpa tekanan). Ucapan yang kuat (diberi tekanan) dipakai ka/au
kita ingin memberi tekanan yang khusus (istimewa) pada kata ganti tersebut. misa/nya da/am:
.... the word "him" [HIM].
Demikian pu/a: He doesn't want you, he wants us. [AS]
Ucapan yang /emah (tanpa tekanan) ada/ah ucapan yang umum. Misa/nya:
Do you know Chris? - Yes, I know him. [ai NOUwim]
Please visit us! [PLIZ VIZatas]
/ngat/ah! Bentuk yang /emah tidak pernah mendapat tekanan. Perhatikan perbedaan antara kedua
ke/ompok contoh di bawah ini.
1. Khusus (untuk memberi tekanan atau
membuatnya ber/awanan)
Listen to him.
Listen
Listen
Listen
Listen
to
to
to
to
her.
them.
us.
it.
[L1San ta HIM (NOT Ha)]
[L1San
[L1San
[L1San
.[L1San
ta Ha (NOT HIM)]
ta DHEM (NOT HIM)]
mw_AS (NOT HIM)]
tOw_IT] (sangat jarang)
2. Biasa (tekanan pada kata kerjs, bukan
orang)
[L1San tUwim]
[L1San
[LlSan
[L1San
[L1San
tllwa]
tUdham/tadham]
tOwas]
tUwat]
Pe/ajari/ah contoh­
contoh ini dan
ber/atih/ah
mengucapkannya
dengan keras!
63
Dan apakah saudara memperhatikan bagaimana kata-kata da/am contoh-contoh ka/imat pada
ha/aman 62 dirangkaikan? Beberapa contoh /agi:
1. Tell us biasanya diucapkan [TELas], dan let her diucapkan [LETa] (sama dengan kata letter).
2. See you, yang biasa dipakai da/am percakapan sehari-hari dan dikatakan ka/au akan berpiseh,
diucapkan sebagai satu kata. Ka/au orang berbicara dengan cepet, ucapannya ia/ah [SIYa].
(iii) Catatan mengenai PEMAKA/AN kata ganti
/ngat/ah! Ka/au kita akan menyebut kemba/i suatu kata bende. kita harus memakai kata ganti di
be/akang kata kerja. Misa/nya:
Do you
Iknow Chris I
?
-
Yes, I
[kOOW}llffiJ
(Da/am ha/ ini, Yes, I
know sa/ah. Ka/imat ini
bererti: Ya, saya tahu
tentang ha/ itu.)
Does he
~e newspapeT] ?
Yes,§ reads it
(Da/am ha/ ini, Yes, he
reads sa/ah. Ka/imat ini
berarti
dia
dapat
membaca - tidak buta
huruf).
(Kata ganti dapat dihi/angkan hanya da/am jawaban yang pendek. Misa/nya,
Do you know Chris? - Yes, I do.)
I
BERSIAP-S/APLAH UNTUK MENDENGAR KATA-KATA DAN UNGKAPAN-UNGKAPAN /N/
DALAM S/ARAN
see [SI] = bertemu
a pop star [POP sta] = bintang/penyanyi pop
miss [MIS] = merindukan
a harbour [HAba] = pe/abuhan
he's got [hrz GOT] = dia ada/mempunyai
a beach [BIC] = pantai
and so on [an SOUw_on] = dan sebagainya
BAG/AN 1/: SESUDAH S/ARAN
PERBENDAHARAAN KA TATAMBAHAN
What's on the radio? [WOTS_on dha REldiyou] = Apa acaranya di radio?
You're impossible! [YO( 8) UmPOSabal] = Kamu ini rewe/ seka/i.
I'm not going to
[aim NOT GOUwing tU/ta] = Saya tidak akan ....
I'm sure that
[aim SYO( 8) dhat] = Saya yakin bahwa ....
They're the same everywhere. [DHE8 dha SEIM_EVriwea] = Mereka sama saja di mana-mana.
They ask us to the beach. = They invite us (to go) to the beach. [dheiy-ASK_as ta dha BIC] =
Mereka mengajak kitslkemi pergi ke pantai.
explain [iksPLEI N] = menerangkan
tease [TIZ] = menqqodeimemperotok-olok
She's great. [syiZ GREIT] = Dia hebat.
I don't mean .... [ai DOUNT MIN] = Maksud saya bukan
.
I mean .... [ai MIN] = Maksud saya/Yang saya maksud
.
64
Beberapa ungkapan yang berguna dalam percakapan
1. I mean: Ungkapan ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan apa yang kite katakan. Dan lebih sering lagi kalau
kita sedang mencari kata yang tepat untuk menyatakan maksud kite dengan lebih [eles, atau
kalau kita ingin membetulkan apa yang baru saja kita katakan:
He lives in number 15, I mean 50.
Kadang-kadang ungkapan ini kita pakai kalau kita merasa bingung atau malu:
CHRIS: I think you like Helen, Iwan.
IWAN:
Well ... I don't know ... I ... I mean ... ves.j do!
2. and so on [a n SOlNv_on] = dan sebagainya
3.... I think [ai THINGI<] = saya kira
PERCAKAPAN
HADI: Have you got a girlfriend?
BI LL:
Of course! I see her every day. She's great. And her parents are nice too. I like them.
HADI: Do they like you?
BI LL:
I think they do ... I mean ... I don't know. I think they like me. They often ask me - and my
girlfriend - they often ask us to the beach with them ... oh, and to picnics and barbecues, and
so on.
HADI: I think they like you, then!
LATIHAN
Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan di bawah ini.
Contoh:
Jawab:
Does she clean the kitchen? Yes, she cleans it every day.
Yes, every day.
1. Does she know Iwan? - Yes, well.
2. Does she see Mrs Smart? - Yes, every day.
3. Does she use the typewriter? - Yes, every
day.
4. Does she visit her parents? - Yes, often.
5. Does she like Anne? - Yes, a lot.
6. Does she teach Sue and Bill? - Yes, every
day.
7. Does she do the accounts? - Yes, every
month.
8. Do we know you? - Yes, of course you ....
PELAJARAN NO. 16 BAGIAN I:
LESSON NO. 16
SEBELUM SIARAN
BEBERAPA KATA KETERANGAN YANG BERGUNA
1. Always [OLweiz] = selalu
Don reads the paper every evening.
Jane cleans the house every morning.
2. Usually [YOzyua li]
=
-+
-+
He always reads the paper in the evening.
She always cleans the house in the morning.
biasanya
Iwan doesn't always speak English. He usually speaks Indonesian.
Bill doesn't always drive to the city. (Bill tidak selalu naik mobil ke kota.) He usually goes by bus.
(Dia biasanya naik bis.)
3. Never [NEVa] = tidak pernah
Chris never speaks Indonesian.
Don never eats mangoes. = Don tidak pernah makan mangga.
Mr Smart never goes to the city.