English business.

23/09/2015
PRINCIPLES IN ENGLISH SENTENCE
1. Setiap kalimat wajib memiliki subjek dan predikat (a subject and a verb)
2. Kata atau frasa apapun yang ada didepan verb adalah subjek.
Recognizing Verbs
The VERB is the part of the sentence that indicates what someone or something do/does or to be
or have/has.
My accountant filled out my income tax return.
His method is more efficient than mine.
He has a lot of information to save me money.
Often, the VERB is the word that shows action.
A cashier sells.
A bricklayer builds.
A teacher instructs.
A gymnast jumps.
Mechanics repair.
Many verbs consist of more than one word.
John is learning data processing.
I am studying DOS.
Rose has taken computer courses in the past.
She will graduate before us.
Alex has been working for five years.
He may be promoted next month.
Then he will be running the credit department.
Roger will have been transferred by that time.
He should have been promoted long ago.
A sentence may contain more than one verb
Enzo cooks and waits on tables.
He works hard but earns little money.
He wants to quit his job and look for another.
Every VERB has FIVE PRINCIPAL PARTS. These are the INFINITIVE, the PRESENT
TENSE, the PAST TENSE, and the TWO PARTICIPLES.
Infinitive: to go
Present Tense: go
Past Tense: went
Present Participle: going
Past Participle: gone
EXERCISE
a. Underline all of the verbs and circle the subject in these sentences
1. Aurora studied computer programming first and then looked for a job.
2. During his summer vacations, Jimmy has driven a cab, delivered milk, and sold shoes.
3. Mr. Alberts asked me for a copy of the annual report and told me where to look.
4. On her lunch hour, Lea went to Colony's and bought a new dress.
5. I typed and proofread the letter before the end of the day.
6. Georgette called in sick and took the day off.
7. After the interview, John was offered the job and accepted it.
8. Blossom saved her money, quit her job, and opened an antique shop.
9. Marc placed an ad in the newspaper and received dozens of responses the first week.
10. A banker for many years, Mr. Seymour retired and moved to Venice.
1. Mr. and Mrs. Price are buying a house.
2. Their real estate agent and their banker are helping to arrange the mortgage.
3. The agent and the Prices' lawyer disagree over the terms of the sale.
4. The Prices and the banker are eager about the deal.
5. The agent, the banker, the lawyer, and the Prices all will be happy after the settlement of the purchase.
6. Regina and her boss were discussing her salary.
7. Accuracy, thoroughness, and conscientiousness were her reasons for a raise.
8. Poor sales and high expenses were his justification for low salaries.
9. Regina and her employer met frequently to discuss her salary.
10. Her raise will begin on the first of the month.
1. Bicycling to my job keeps me healthy.
2. Writing checks makes me frugal.
3. Balancing my checkbook makes me proud.
4. To answer the treasurer's mail is the responsibility of his assistant.
5. To admit one's errors indicates maturity.
6. To lose one's job is a traumatic experience.
7. Waiting on lines infuriates me.
8. Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health.
9. To find a good job demands perseverance.
10. To operate this computer requires special training.
1. Mr. Munson was studying the stock market.
2. He was considering an investment.
3. For many years, his money had been in a savings bank.
4. In a bank, money is insured.
5. Nowadays, however, it earns little interest.
6. Mr. Munson would like to be earning more.
7. Even a time-deposit account would have paid higher interest.
8. So now he wants to invest in stocks.
9. But he knows the market is risky.
10. Before investing, he will be careful.
30/09/2015
NOUN PHRASE AND VERB PHRASE
1. Noun phrase adalah kata benda yang ditambahkan satu atau lebih dari satu kata sifat
Kata sifat tersebut bisa terdiri dari
Adjective, mis: beautiful, smart, interesting, dll
Article, mis: the, a, an
Determiner, mis: this, that, some, any, dll
Prepositional phrase, mis: on the table, dll
Another noun
A. Adjective
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata sifat disebut adjective. Kata ini memberi keterangan pada noun atau pronoun
yang mengikutinya. Adjective bisa memberi keterangan berupa bentuk, warna, ukuran, rasa, dll.
Berikut ini adalah imbuhan-imbuhan yang menandakan bahwa kata tersebut adalah kata sifat.
-able
-ac
-al
-an
-ant
-ar
-ary
-ate
-ent
understandable
demoniac
musical
American
expectant
molecular
revolutionary
fortunate
confident
-ful
-ible
-ic
-ical
-il
-ile
-ish
-ite
beautiful
sensible
economic
whimsical
civil
senile
foolish
erudite
-ive
-less
-ly
-ory
-ose
-ous
-ulent
-y
-ing
active
helpless
lonely
transitory
bellicose
glamorous
fraudulent
angry
interesting
B. Article
Penggunaan article tergantung pada umum-khususnya kata benda yang diterangkan. “A” dan “an”
digunakan untuk kata benda tunggal yang bersifat umum, misalnya: a letter. Sedangkan “the” digunakan
untuk kata benda tunggal maupun jamak yang bersifat khusus, misalnya: The letter in my room.
C. Determiner
Penggunaan determiner tergantung pada jenis kata bendanya, apakah benda tersebut bisa dihitung
(countable) atau tidak bisa dihitung (uncountable).
Countable nouns
A, the, some, any
This, that, these, those
None, one, two, three…
Many
A lot of
A large number of
A great number of
(a) few
Fewer than
More than
Uncountable nouns
The, some, any
This, that
none
Much
A lot of
A large amount of
(a) little
Less than
More than
D. Prepositional phrase
Prepositional phrase adalah gabungan preposisi dan kata benda. Biasanya, prepositional phrase, sebagai
pelengkap kata benda, digunakan untuk menyatakan tempat (at school, on the beach, etc) dan waktu (at
09.00 o’clock, at night).
E. Another Noun
Gabungan kata benda yang salah satunya berfungsi sebagai adjective, misal: glass roof, fiber board, etc.
2. Verb phrase adalah kata kerja yang ditambahkan satu atau lebih dari satu kata keterangan. Kata
keterangan disebut adverb. Adverb bisa berbentuk adjective + ly (beautifully, loudly, etc) dan
digunakan untuk menyatakan cara. Adverb juga bisa berbentuk prepositional phrase (at school,
in the morning, on Tuesday) dan digunakan untuk menyatakan tempat dan waktu.
EXERCISE
* In these sentences, underline each adjective and circle the noun it is describing.
1. A roving reporter phoned in her story.
2. It concerned a growing controversy.
3. The demanding editor wanted the details.
4. The reporter interviewed a politician accused of graft.
5. She asked provoking questions.
6. The alleged criminal did not evade the questions.
7. He had been offered a tempting bribe.
8. Refusing, he called the FBI.
9. They had been investigating the suspected politician.
10. He claimed to be an honest man.
* In each sentence, cross out the prepositional phrase. Then underline the subject and circle the
verb.
1. The woman in charge is Ms. Skelton.
2. She is the president of the company.
3. The suite on the sixth floor is her office.
4. The telephones inside her office never stop ringing.
5. The people around her work hard.
6. The man by her side is her partner.
7. He is chairman of the board.
8. They work very closely at the office.
9. The success of her career took much effort.
10. She is a woman of determination.
07/10/2015
CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions adalah kata-kata yang digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat menjadi satu kalimat.
Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada 2 jenis conjunction, yaitu Coordinators dan Subordinators.
Coordinators:
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Subordinators:
Who, what, where, when, why, which, whether, while
If
Since, so that
How
As, after, although
Before, because
Once
Unless, until
Than, that, though
EXERCISE
a. Combine these pairs of sentences, using one of the seven coordinators.
1. Peter would like to be an accountant. He would like to be a computer programmer.
2. He wants an interesting job. He hopes for a good salary.
3. He has planned his career carefully. He will probably reach his goal.
4. Sometimes he gets discouraged. He never gives up.
5. Megan didn't like her job. She simply quit.
6. At first she felt relieved. She hadn't considered her alternatives.
7. Now she is unemployed. She doesn't know what to do.
8. She hasn't found a new job. She has very little experience.
9. She could ask for her old job back. She could return to school.
10. Pam is a diligent lawyer. She hasn't received a promotion.
11. She is eager to advance. She thrives on new challenges.
12. She should speak to her boss. He may not be aware of her ambitions.
13. He may discourage her plans. She will be disappointed.
14. He may also encourage her. She should try the direct approach.
15. Women and men must take charge of their own careers. Nothing will happen.
16. They must prepare for their chosen jobs. They must accumulate experience.
17. They must be patient. They must also assert themselves.
18. Some companies are very large. You will have to attract your boss's attention.
19. Employers regard good workers. First they must be aware of the workers' merits.
20. Do your best. You will succeed.
b. Decide whether the item is a sentence (S) or a fragment (F).
1. You must prepare carefully.
2. Before you go on a job interview.
3. You should anticipate questions.
4. That you may be asked.
5. About items on your resume.
6. You should dress conservatively.
7. But feel comfortable about your appearance.
8. You should take with you a pen, a pad, and your resume.
9. You should be sure to arrive on time.
10. To make a good first impression.
c.
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Combine the pairs of sentences by using a subordinator.
1. You should plan your wardrobe. You go on a job interview.
2. Your outfit deserves careful thought. First impressions are important.
3. Conservative garments are best. You want to appear competent and sensible.
4. They should also be comfortable. You don't want to be distracted.
5. For a woman, a simple skirt and blouse are a good choice. A dress is also acceptable.
6. Pants are not a good idea. They are appropriate to the particular job.
7. A man should wear a jacket and tie. The position is an office job or not.
8. Unpolished shoes or excessive makeup could ruin your chances. You answer any questions.
9. You should scrutinize yourself in a mirror. You leave for the interview.
10. You want to look your best. You can be your best