abstrak - Universitas Brawijaya

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ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK GENERASI S4 JAGUNG MANIS (Zea
mays saccharata Sturt) X JAGUNG KETAN (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh)
BERDASARKAN PENANDA MIKROSATELIT DAN
FENOTIPE TANAMAN
Genetic Diversity Analysis of S4 Inbred Line of Sweet Corn (Zea mays
saccharata Sturt) x Waxy Corn (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) Based On
Microsatellite and Phenotype
ABSTRAK
Persilangan jagung manis dengan jagung ketan menghasilkan tongkol
dengan warna biji yang beragam. Untuk mendapatkan tanaman hasil persilangan
dengan warna yang seragam maka dilakukan persilangan sendiri
(selfing/sibmating) dan diperoleh 16 nomor genotipe terpilih yang dibagi dalam
kelompok genotipe dengan warna kernel campuran yaitu G1, G2, G3, G4, G5,
G6, G7 dan G8; kelompok genotipe dengan warna kernel seragam yaitu G9,
G10, G11, G12, G13, G14, G15 dan G16. Enam belas genotipe tersebut
dianalisis keragaman fenotipik dan genetiknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk mengetahui fingerprinting tanaman jagung manis hasil persilangan,
mengklarifikasi keragaman fenotipe tanaman dengan keragaman genetic melalui
analisis molekuler dan mempelajari pola pita DNA yang berhubungan dengan
karakter fenotipe tertentu. Hipotesis yang diajukan dari penelitian ini adalah (1)
terdapat satu atau beberapa nomor genotipe dengan pola pita DNA yang
seragam, (2) terdapat satu atau beberapa nomor genotipe dengan fenotipe yang
seragam dan (3) terdapat korelasi antara satu atau beberapa karakter fenotipe
dengan pola pita DNA. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Juni
2011. Percobaan laboratorium dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi
Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya.
Percobaan lapang dilakukan di Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan junrejo, Kota
Batu. Ekstraksi DNA menggunakan metode CTAB yang dimodifikasi dengan
karbon aktif. Amplifikasi PCR menggunakan 2 primer SSR yaitu ZCT161 dan
PHI080. Rancangan percobaan lapang menggunakan Rancangan Acak
Kelompok. Hasil analisis molekuler menunjukkan 16 genotipe yang digunakan
terbagi dalam 4 grup dengan pola pita DNA yang berbeda, G10 dan G11 memiliki
koefisien kemiripan Jaccard terkecil dari genotype lainnya. Hasil percobaan
lapang menunjukkan seluruh genotype yang diuji memiliki koefisien keragaman
yang rendah di dalam genotipe. Analisis koefisien korelasi menunjukkan tinggi
tongkol pertama berkorelasi positif dengan koefisien kemiripan Jaccard DNA (rs =
+0.7).
Kata kunci: jagung manis, Zea mays saccharata, keragaman, mikrosatelit
Abstract
Sweet corn crossed with waxy corn produced corn with variety (heterogenous)
kernel color within ear. Sibmating and selfing has been done to get corn with
homogenous kernel color and select 16 genotype divided to 2 group of kernel
color, Genotype with heterogenous kernel color group consist of G1, G2, G3, G4,
G5, G6, G7 and G8; genotype with homogenous kernel color group consist of
G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, G14, G15 and G16. The aim of the research are to
know the fingerprinting of sweetcorn inbredlines, to clarify phenotypic diversity
with genetic diversity through molecular analysis and to study DNA banding
pattern correlated to phenotypic character. Hypothesis from this research are (1)
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there are several number of sweetcorn genotypes with an uniform DNA banding
pattern, (2) there are several number of sweetcorn genotypes with an uniform
phenotype character and (3) there is a correlation between phenotypic character
and DNA banding pattern.
Research was held on January until June 2011. Laboratory experiment
conducted in Biotechnology Laboratorium, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Faculty
of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya and field experiment conducted in
Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu.
Plant material of the research were 16 genotypes of S4 sweet corn inbred
line, DNA extraction method used CTAB-active charcoal DNA extraction method,
PCR used 2 SSR primer (ZCT161 and PHI080). Result of the laboratory
experiment are there are 4 groups from DNA Jaccard coefficient which consist of
different type of kernel color genotype within group.
Field experiment used Randomized Block Design with 3 replication.
Phenotype parameters calculated were type of first leaf, plant height, leaves
number, leaf length, leaf width, male flowering time, female flowering time, ear
number, first ear height, harvesting livespan, ear length, ear diameter and kernel
color.
Field experiment showed significant different character between genotype
in leaves number, leaf length, plant height, male flowering time, harvesting
livespan, ear number, first ear height, ear length and ear diameter. All sweet corn
inbred lines have low coefficient of variance within genotype except in ear
number and ear length. Jaccard coefficient of first leaf type showed there are 5
groups of 16 genotype of sweet corn which different member with group from
DNA Jaccard coefficient. Fisrt ear height have the highest Spearman’s Rank
correlation coefficient (rs=+0.7) with DNA Jaccard coefficient.
Keyword: sweetcorn, Zea mays saccharata, diversity, microsatellite
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