Analysis of Nitrifying Bacteria Stability in Postlarva Freshwater

Analysis of Nitrifying Bacteria Stability in Postlarva Freshwater
Prawn Culture (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Mann) in
Laboratory Scale With and Without Addition of Substrate
Student : Eleanor Louana Urfa
Final Project (2010), Degree program In Microbiology, School of Life
Sciences and Technology-ITB, email: [email protected]
Advisors : Dr. Dea Indriani Astuti
School of Life Sciences and Technology ITB, email: [email protected]
Degree : Science Bachelor (S.Si), Conferred July 2010
Abstract
The freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Mann) is one of the freshwater
aquaculture commodities which had the potential to fulfill the food demand because of
its high economic value. One of the factors which affect the success in its culture is the
stability of water quality which include pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and the
chemical compound composition such as ammonium, nitrite, nitrate. Accumulation of
chemical compound which comes from the freshwater prawn excretion and the food
left-over had the potency of causing death and increasing stress for the freshwater
prawn. One way to encounter this problem is the utilization of nitrification bacteria to
stabilize the water quality during the culture process. This research has the purpose in
knowing the effect of utilization of nitrification bacteria with CaCO3 as a substrate to
water quality on post larval stadium of freshwater prawn, and to measure the stability of
nitrification bacteria abundance during the process of culturization of fresh water prawn.
Experiment is conducted on laboratory scale in 45 days period, in a 5 L aquarium
designed with aeration system. Each aquarium filled with 5 freshwater prawn with
length (3.214±0.102) cm and the starting weight (0.219±0.030) gr. Research conducted
in four variation, (1) Control aquarium, (2) Aquarium with utilization of nitrification
bacteria (3) Control with CaCO3 substrate, (4) Aquarium with both nitrification bacteria
culture suspension and CaCO3 substrate. The utilization of nitrification bacteria
conducted 24 hour before freshwater prawn culture introduced into the aquarium with
inoculums density is 105 cfu/ml in 10% from total volume of water. Research is
conducted with 3 replication for each treatment. In the research, the measurement is
conducted on: water physical quality such as DO, temperature, and pH daily; chemical
factor such as ammonium , nitrite, and nitrate composition; number of bacterial
population with TPC with 3 day interval. According to result of the research, the water
physical factor shows a stability but the chemical factor shows a varied number. In first
treatment (1) The ammonium content is in the range of 0.052 – 0.123 ppm, nitrite at
0.0239 – 0.0735 ppm, and nitrate at 17.087 – 120.417 ppm. In second treatment (2)
ammonium content is in the range of 0.040 – 0.079 ppm, nitrite at 0.010 – 0.067 ppm,
and nitrate at 23.449 – 330.701 ppm. In third treatment (3) ammonium content is in the
range of 0.048 – 0.099 ppm, nitrite at 0.021 – 0.077 ppm, and nitrate at 4.862 – 130.091
ppm. In fourth treatment (4) ammonium content is in the range of 0.043 – 0.074 ppm,
nitrite at 0.013 – 0.060 ppm, and nitrate at 279.157 – 306.455 ppm. The result of TPC
count shows that the treatment in utilization of solid CaCO3 substrate could keep the
stability of bacterial number. According to those result, could be concluded, the
utilization of both nitrifying bacteria and solid CaCO3 as substrate could maintain the
stability of water quality and during 21 day of culture the number of nitrifying bacteria
is still maintained.
Keywords : Nitrifying Bacteria, Postlarvae, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Mann,
Laboratorium Scale, Substrate
Analisis Stabilitas Nitrifying Bacteria pada Kultur Postlarva
Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Mann) Skala
Laboratorium Dengan dan Tanpa Penambahan Substrat
Mahasiswa : Eleanor Louana Urfa
Skripsi (2010), Program Studi Sarjana Mikrobiologi SITH, email:
[email protected]
Pembimbing : Dr. Dea Indriani Astuti
SITH-ITB, email: [email protected]
Gelar : Sarjana Sains (S.Si), Wisuda Juli 2010
Abstrak
Udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Mann) merupakan salah satu komoditas
akuakultur air tawar yang berpotensi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan karena memiliki nilai
ekonomis yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan budidaya
udang galah adalah kestabilan kualitas air yang meliputi pH, suhu, disolved oxygen (DO) dan
kandungan senyawa kimia seperti amonium, nitrit dan nitrat. Akumulasi senyawa kimia yang
berasal dari ekskresi udang galah dan sisa pakan berpotensi menyebabkan kematian dan
penurunan nafsu makan udang. Salah satu upaya penanggulangan yang dapat dilakukan adalah
penambahan bakteri nitrifikasi untuk menstabilkan kualitas air selama proses kultur. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bakteri nitrifikasi dengan substrat padatan
CaCO3 terhadap kualitas air pada kultur udang galah stadium postlarva (PL40) dan untuk
mengetahui stabilitas kelimpahan bakteri nitrifikasi selama proses budidaya udang galah.
Eksperimen dilakukan pada skala laboratorium selama 45 hari, pada akuarium 5 L yang
dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi. Setiap akuarium kultur, dirisi 5 ekor udang galah dengan
panjang awal (3,214±0,102) cm dan berat awal (0,219±0,030) gr. Penelitian dilakukan dalam
empat variasi perlakuan, yaitu (1) kontrol, (2) penambahan suspensi kultur bakteri nitrifikasi,
(3) kontrol dengan penambahan padatan CaCO3 , serta (4) penambahan suspensi bakteri
nitrifikasi dan padatan CaCO3. Penambahan suspensi kultur bakteri nitrifikasi dilakukan 24 jam
sebelum kultur udang dimasukkan dengan kepadatan inokulum 105 cfu/ml sebanyak 10% dari
volume total air kultur. Keseluruhan variasi perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak tiga replikat. Dalam
proses penelitian, dilakukan pengukuran faktor fisika air seperti DO, suhu dan pH setiap hari;
serta faktor kimia yaitu kandungan amonium, nitrit dan nitrat; dan penghitungan jumlah bakteri
yang dilakukan dengan metode TPC dengan interval pengukuran per 3 hari. Berdasarkan hasil
penelitian, faktor fisika air menunjukkan nilai yang stabil sedangkan faktor kimia
memperlihatkan nilai yang bervariasi. Pada perlakuan (1) kandungan amonium berada pada
kisaran 0,052 – 0,123 ppm, nitrit 0,0239 – 0,0735 ppm, dan nitrat 17,087 - 120,417 ppm. Pada
perlakuan (2) kandungan amonium menunjukkan nilai 0,040 - 0,079 ppm, nitrit 0,010 - 0,067
ppm dan nitrat 23,449 - 330,701 ppm. Pada perlakuan (3) kandungan amonium berada pada
kisaran 0,048 - 0,099 ppm, nitrit 0,021 - 0,077 ppm dan nitrat 4,862 - 130,091 ppm. Pada
perlakuan (4) kandungan amonium menunjukkan nilai 0,043 - 0,074 ppm, nitrit 0,013 - 0,060
ppm dan nitrat 279,157 - 306,455 ppm. Hasil penghitungan TPC memperlihatkan bahwa
perlakuan dengan penambahan substrat padatan CaCO3 dapat menjaga kestabilan jumlah
bakteri. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan bakteri nitrifikasi
dan penggunaan substrat padatan CaCO3 dapat menjaga kualitas air dan stabilitas jumlah bakteri
pada kultur udang galah.
Kata kunci: Nitrifying Bacteria, Postlarva, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Mann, Skala
Laboratorium, Substrat