The Fundamental Module 1

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The Fundamental
Module 1
Kampung Inggris Pare
Proudly presented by
Mr. Fahmi Muharram
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DAFTAR ISI
Language – components of language .....................................................................
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4
Phoneme ............................................................................................................
Morpheme .........................................................................................................
Word ....................................................................................................................
Phrase .................................................................................................................
Clause ..................................................................................................................
Sentence .............................................................................................................
4
4
5
5
5
6
Verbal – Nominal Sentence ........................................................................................
7
Subject verb agreement ...............................................................................................
8
Word ...................................................................................................................................
9
A. Based on its category ....................................................................................
B. Bases on its function .....................................................................................
9
11
Phrase .................................................................................................................................
14
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Noun phrase .....................................................................................................
Adjective phrase .............................................................................................
Adverbial phrase ............................................................................................
Verb phrase .......................................................................................................
Gerund phrase .................................................................................................
Participle phrase .............................................................................................
To infinitive phrase .......................................................................................
Prepositional phrase .....................................................................................
Exclamatory phrase .......................................................................................
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
17
17
Kasus “ENOUGH” ............................................................................................................
19
Part of speech ..................................................................................................................
21
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
ONLINE CLASS
Pronoun ..............................................................................................................
Adjective ............................................................................................................
Noun ....................................................................................................................
Conjunction .......................................................................................................
Adverb ................................................................................................................
Verb ......................................................................................................................
Interjection .......................................................................................................
Preposition ........................................................................................................
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26
33
36
41
48
58
59
Good luck for your study
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LANGUAGE
Bahasa
Def. Suatu system yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan informasi.
Fungsi: Sebagai alat komunikasi
COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE
1. Phoneme
4. Phrase
2. Morpheme
5. Clauses
3. Word
6. Sentence
EXPLANATION
1. PHONEME / HURUF / ABJAD / LETTER
Def: Bagian yang terkecil dari Bahasa dan tidak bermakna.
Example: A, B, C, D, E, F . . .
2. MORPHEME / KATA DASAR DAN IMBUHAN
Kinds:
1. Free morpheme (FM)
Morpheme yang bebas
Dapat berdiri sendiri
Berpotensi membentuk kata dasar (root word)
2. Bond morpheme (BM)
Morpheme yang terikat
Tidak dapat berdiri sendiri
Berpotensi membentuk imbuhan (affix)
Affix
Prefix
(awalan)
Suffix
(akhiran)
Example: ke-sedih-an
Bm Fm Bm
(Prefix) (Suffix) (Suffix)
sad- ness
Fm
Bm
Beautiful-ly
Fm
Bm (suffix)
Work-ing
Fm Bm (suffix)
Study-ing
Im-polite
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Fm Bm (suffix)
(prefix)Bm Fm
3. WORD
def. Bagian terkecil dari bahasa dan memiliki makna serta berkelas kata
Example:
Kata benda (noun)
Chair (kursi)
Kata sifat (adjective)
Angry (Marah)
etc. . . .
4. PHRASE
def. rangkaian kata yang bermakna, tetapi tidak berpola S + P tetapi
Polanya:
H
M
Head (inti) Modifier(Penjelas)
Head berupa Noun (kata benda)
Example:
Buku tua
sangat baik
H
M
M
H
mobil merah
H
M
Old book
M H
red car
M H
very kind
M H
5. CLAUSE (KLAUSA)
def. Rangkaian kata yang bermakna, berpola S + V yang membentuk
kalimat atau membentuk bagian dari kalimat.
Kind:
Main Clause (induk kalimat)
 Dapat berdiri sendiri
 Berpotensi membentuk kalimat
Pola:
Subject + Verb
Sub Clause (anak kalimat)
 Tidak dapat berdiri sendiri
 Tidak berpotensi membentuk kalimat
Pola:
Conjunction
Kt. Penghubung
+S+V
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Example:
Lely menangis karena kucingnya menangis
S
v
conj
s
v
Lely cried because her cat cried
S
v
conj
s
v
MC
SC
SENTENCE
6. SENTENCE
Def. Rangkaian kata yang bermakna sempurna berpola minimal S + V dan
di akhiri dengan tanda baca pengakhir
(.) : Full stop
(?) : Question mark
(!) : Exclamatory mark
Example:
1. Abdul belajar
Abdul studies
s
v
s
v
2. Abdul belajar Bhs. Arab
Abdul studies Arabic
s
v
o
s
v
o
3. Abdul belajar bahasa Arab disini
Abdul studies Arabic here
S
v
o
adv
S
v
o
adv
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VERBAL
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- NOMINAL
A. POLA KALIMAT DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
S + P
+
O
+
Verbal (berupa kata kerja)
Example: saya makan
K
Nominal (selain kata kerja)
Saya tampan
B. POLA KALIMAT DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS
S +
V
Verbal
(selain “BE”)
Example: I eat
s v
+
O
+
Adv
Nominal (Berupa BE)
I am handsome
s v compl (Adj, Noun, Adv)
CARA TRANSLATE DASAR
1. Verbal : Di translate apa adanya
Pola:
S + V (non-be)
2. Nominal
: Sisipkan “Be” di antara S dan Complementnya
Pola:
S + V (be) + 3 Complement (pelengkap)
Adj, Noun, Adv
Anggota “BE”: is, am, are, was, were, been, being, be.
LATIHAN!
1. Eka menangis tadi malam
2. Laily mencuci bajuku
3. Sebuah mobil mahal
4. Nimas sedang sedih
5. Agam memasak nasi di dapur
6. Anes sedang marah
7. Riska bekerja di restoran
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
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SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
SUBJECT
I
You
We
They
Benda Jamak
She
He
It
Benda
Tunggal
BE (IS, AM, ARE)
Am
Example:
Jey mengunjungi Lely di makam (v)
Riska duduk di atas kompor (v)
Sofyan dan Ricky ngantuk (n)
Dia (pr) sangat bahagia (n)
Are
Is
V1 V S/ES
V1
V s (es)
Jey visits Lely at the grave
Riska sits on the stove
Sofyan and Ricky are sleepy
She is very happy
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WORD
(kata)
def. bagian terkecil dari bahasa yang memiliki makna dan berkelas kata (Part
of speech)
Kind:
A. BASED ON ITS CATEGORY / LEXICAL MEANING (MAKNA KAMUS)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Noun
Kt Benda
Pronoun
kt ganti
Verb
kt Kerja
Adjevtive
kt. Sifat
Adverb
kt. Keterangan
Conjunction
kt. Penghubung
Preposition
kt. Depan
Interjection
8
Kt. Seru
N (U.N)
Kb
Pron
Kg
V (T.I)
kkt/kki
Adj
Ks
Adv
K.ket
Conj
K.sam
Prep
Kd
Inter
Exclam /
k.seru
Water, table
air, meja
I, you
saya, kamu
Sleep, read
tidur, membaca
Beautiful
cantik
Here
disini
And, because
dan, karena
Because of
karena
Wow!
uh!
Note:
A. noun, pronoun, verb (the central core of sentence) _inti pembentuk
kalimat
Pola kalimat  S + V
subject
noun / pronoun
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Example: Abdul bertemu Anggun, dia sangat senang
Abdul meets Anggun, he is very happy
S
V
O
S V
Complement (Pelengkap)
Noun
Pron
B. Adjective, adverb (Modifying word) _kata penjelas
Adj
(Modifier)
Noun (Head)
Adverb (Modifier)
Verb, adv, adj, sentence (Head)
Example: Beautiful girl
very slowly
M/adj
H/n
M/Adj H/Adv
Very hot
come late
finally, she comes
M/adj H/adj
H/v M/adj
adv s
v
Phrase
Phrase
Sentence
C. Conj, prep (relative word) _kata penghubung
Form Conj : conj + S + V
Prep
: Prep + O of prep
Noun /pronoun /noun phrase/. . .
Example:
I come because you come
s v
conj
s
v
I come because of you
s v prep
o of prep (pron)
D. Interjection
def. kata yang digunakan untuk meluapkan emosi
Example:
wow!
Ouch!
Shit!
Prekitew!
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B. BASED ON ITS FUNCTION (FUNGSI)
Kind:
1. Noun function
def. kata kerja yang difungsikan sebagai noun
Posisi: Subject, Object
Berenang membuatku senang
Swimming makes me happy
s
v
o pelengkap
Category: Verb
Function: noun (Gerund)
Berbeda category dengan kalimat berikut
Dede minum oli
Dede drinks oil
s
v
o
s
v o
Cat: noun
Cat: n
Function: noun
Function: n
2. Verbal function
def. kata yang digunakan sebagai verb (kata kerja as kata kerja)
Posisi: posisi verb (setelah subyek)
Example: Muchlis makan nasi
Muchlis ate rice
s
v o
Cat: V
Function: Verb
Alief merawat burung itu
Alief mothers the bird
s
v
o
Cat: N, V
Function: verb
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3. Adjective function
Def. kata yang difungsikan sebagai adj
Posisi: modifier of noun
Example:
Cowok jahat
H/n
M/adj
A
cruel boy
M/adj M/adj H/n
ONLINE CLASS
book store
M/adj H/n
cat: noun
function: adj
Cat: adj
Function: adj
Cewek yang mencintaiku pergi ke USA
s
v
adv
The Girl Loving Me goes to USA
(the girl who loves me goes to USA)
Adj n adj
v adv
S
Cat: v
Funct: adj
4. Adverbial function
Def. kata yang difungsikan sebagai adv
Posisi: modifier of adv, adj, verb, sentence
Example:
Dengan sangat indah
walking, I go here
Very
beautifully
adv
s v adv
M/adj H/adv
Cat: adv
Function: adv
cat: v
Function: adv
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I book a
s v
book in the
o
book store
M/adj H/n
Cat: n, v
Function: v
cat: n, v
function: n
cat: n, v
function: adj
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PHRASE
Def. rangkaian kata yang bermakna, tidak berpola S + V tetapi Head –
Modifier
Pola:
Pre – M
H
Post – M
Modifier
Head Modifier
KINDS OF PHRASE
1. Noun phrase (new girlfriend)
2. Adjective phrase (very happy)
3. Adverbial phrase (very slowly)
4. Verb phrase (Study hard!)
5. Gerund phrase (watching TV)
6. To infinitive phrase (To study grammar)
7. Participle phrase (Car washed)
8. Prepositional phrase (In the class)
9. Exclamatory phrase (What a pity you are)
EXPLANATION!
1. Noun phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Noun
Pola:
M
H
M
Adj
n
adj
Example:
Rumah tua
H/n
M/adj
old
House
m/adj H/n
Guru yang tinggi
H/n
m
tall
teacher
m/adj H/n
2. Adjective phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Adj
Pola:
M
H
M
Adv adj
adv
Example: very good
m/adv H/Adj
so
hot
m/adv h/adj
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3. Adverbial phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Adv
Modifier: adv
Pola: M
H
M
Adv
adv
adv
Example:
Very
beautifully
m/adv
h/adv
slowly enough
h/adv m/adv
4. Verb Phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Verb
Modifier: Adv
Pola:
M
H
M
Adv v
adv
Example:
Run
fast!
h/v
m/adv
study hard!
h/v m/adv
She always comes late
s
m/adv h/v m/adv
Verb phrase
5. Gerund Phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa Gerund
Bentuk
: Ving
Kelas kata
: Noun  subject / object
Pola:
H
M
G
m of gerund
Example:
Studying English
is
easy enough
H/G
m of gerund
v
h/adj m/adv
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Nimas avoids speaking English
s
v
h/g
m (o of g)
O –Gerund phrase
6. To infinitive phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa To inf
Bentuk: to + V1
Kelas kata: N, adj, Adv
Pola:
H
M
To inf m of to inf
Example:
To study Grammar
is important
h/to inf m (of to inf) v
compl
Subject (to inf Phrase)
7. Participle Phrase
Def. Phrase yang Head-nya berupa PCP
Bentuk
: Ving – V3
Kelas kata
: V, adj, Adv
Pola:
H
M
PCP
Example:
Eating stone,
H/pcp m (O of PCP)
PCP – P/adv
m of PCP
I go to beach
sv
sent
Laily is cooking the rice
Aux
ord o – np
Vp/v – PCP
The girl loving me is Juliet
m H/n m/Pcp – P v compl
Adjective clause
Girl
Loving(adj) me
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8. Prepositional Phrase
Def: Phrase yang di awali oleh preposisi
Pola:
prep + o of prep
N / pro/ np. . .
Example:
We are in
the class
Prep o of prep
Prep phrase
9. Exclamatory Phrase
Def.: phrase yang di awali oleh exclamatory word
Exclamatory word : what, how (alangkah/betapa)
Pola:
1. What + np
+ s + v!
2. How + adj/adv + s + v!
Exclamatory phrase
sentence
Exclamatory
Example:
He is handsome
s lv adj
How handsome he is!
excl. phrase
She runs fast
Adj
How fast she runs!
excl. phrase
You are a pity
Np
What a pity you are!
excl. Phrase
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PERBEDAAN GTP
1. The girl washing the car
N adj-pcp m of pcp
is Lely
Pcp phrase / adj
Girl
2. Washing the car is Abdul’s hobby
Gerund m of g
Gerund phrase / subject
3. Washing the car, she is tired
Pcp m of pcp s LV compl
Pcp. Phrase / Adv
4. The car washed by Lubad is broken
n adj – pcp m of pcp
Pcp phrase / Adj
The
car
5. To wash
H/to inf
the car
m of to inf
needs much water
To inf phrase / subject
6. They anticipate studying Grammar
s
vt
g
m of g
Gerund phrase / Object
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KASUS “ENOUGH”
Enough:
cukup
ADJ FORM
M
Enough
Adj
H
n
Np
Example:
Enough money
M/adj H/n
Noun Phrase
Enough water
M/adj H/n
ADV FORM
H
ad/adv
Example:
Cukup
M/adv
cantik
H/adj
Dengan cukup
M/Adv
Beaufitul
H/adj
enough
M/adv
fast
H/Adv
adj phrase
M
enough/adv
cepat
H/Adv
enough
M/Adv
adv phrase
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KESIMPULAN
1. Noun phrase
M
adj
H
n
M
adj
2. Adj Phrase
M
Adv
H
adj
M
adv
3. Adv Phrase
M
Adv
H
adv
M
adv
4. Verb Phrase
M
Adv
H
v
M
adv
5. Gerund Phrase
Bentuk: Ving
Kelas kata: Noun
H
G
M
m of Gerund
6. To inf Phrase
Bentuk: to + V1
Kelas kata: noun
H
To inf
M
m of to inf
7. Participle Phrase
Bentuk: ving – v3
Kelas kata: v1, adj,
H
Pcp
8. Prep Phrase
Prep + O of prep
N/np/pron . . .
9. Excl Phrase
M
m of pcp
adv
What Np
+ S + V!
How Adj/Adv
+ S + V!
Excl. Phrase
Excl. sentence
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PART OF SPEECH
Kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris ada 8 golongan yaitu (PANCAVIP):
Part Of
Example In
No
Examples Parf Of Speech
Speech
Sentence
She, ourselves, each other, that,
Jack is the boy who
1 Pronouns
everyone, who, whom. . .
loves Marry
The, a, this, my, Naswin’s, many,
we only need
few, some, any, several, every,
several times to
2 Adjectives
first, two, kind, handsome, big,
practice our
old, warm, round, red, American.
English
House, happiness, water, egg,
man, child, mouse, ox, fish, deer,
Naswin has two
3 Nouns
books, dishes, branches,
wives
potatoes, stories, boys, knives,
wives.
FANBOYS, both, not only but
she is absent, for
4 Conjunctions also, either or, neither nor, while,
she is dizzy
when.
5
Adverbs
slowly, beautifully, fast, hard, late,
well, here, in, on, at, because of,
above, under, yesterday, right now,
soon, just, always, seldom, not,
exactly, actually, example, such as,
how, where, when, why, moreover.
6
Verbs
Sleep, forgot, to study, given,
drinks, eating, fried, will, have,
been, does, make, feel, get, am. . .
Azam drinks
Baygon
7
Interjection
Oh! Wow! Yes!
Wow! That's
great!
8
Prepositions
Beside, next to, in the front of,
after, for, with, in, of, at, for, care,
up, on. . .
Abdul walks on the
water
Basir is interested
in Jamilah
Hi, we need a big lamp and a broom here before Sunday
7 1 6
2
3
4
3
5
8
5
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PRONOUNS
Kata ganti
Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan Noun.
Example:
Lihat! Dede sedang nangis, Dia sedih
Look! Dede is crying, He is sad
Dede / He : Subject (Pronoun)
A. KINDS
a. Personal Pronoun – He, She, We
b. Reflexive Pronoun – Itself, Herself, Myself
c. Reciprocal Pronoun – Each other, One another
d. Demonstrative Pronoun – This, That
e. Indefinite Pronoun – Someone, Anybody, Everything, Noting
f. Interrogative Pronoun – Who, Whom, What
g. Relative Pronoun – Which, Who, Whom
a. PERSONAL PRONOUN
Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan Nama Orang / Benda.
Pronoun
Subj Pro
Obj Pro
I
Me
POSSESSIVE
Adjective
Pronoun
My book
Mine
You
You
Your …..
Yours
We
They
She
He
It
Us
Them
Her
Him
It
Our …..
Their …..
Her …..
His …..
Its …..
Ours
Theirs
Hers
His
Its
Reflexive
Myself
Yourself/
Yourselves
Ourselves
Themselves
Herself
Himself
Itself
NOTE: Poss. Adj selalu di ikuti Noun.
POSS. PRON tidak di ikuti Noun.
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Example:
Bukumu mahal
Bukuku murah
Your book is expensive
Mine is expensive
Milik kita bagus
Ours are good
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b. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
def. : Kata ganti yang merujuk pada diri sendiri (pantulan)
Fungsi:
1. Menekankan pada subject (makna “sendiri”)
Example:
Saya sendiri yang menjemput Nimas di stasiun.
I myself pick up Nimas at station
2. Bermakna sendirian (menggantikan “alone”)
*Melibatkan prep. By
Example:
Anggun pergi kerumah Abdul sendirian
Anggun goes to Abdul’s house by herself
Alone
3. Menjadi object jika subject dan Object sama
Example:
I love myself
John buys himself a new car
I like myself
Bonah hits herself
. . . . . .John himself buys himself a new car by himself. . . . .
c. RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
Def.: kata yang menunjukan adanya hubungan / interaksi antara 2 hal
/ lebih.
Makna : Saling
Kinds : a. Each other
(untuk 2 orang)
b. One another
(untuk lebih dari 2 orang)
Example: Azam and Ana love each other
The students help one another
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d. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
Def.: kata tunjuk yang digunakan sekaligus sebagai kata ganti.
Anggota:
Tunggal
This(ini)
That (itu)
Jamak
These(ini)
Those(itu)
Example:
Ahmad mempunyai sebuah mobil
Ahmad has a car
This is very expensive
Ini sangat mahal
Demonstrative Pro
Mobil ini mahal
THIS CAR is expensive
Demonstrative Adjective
e. INDEFINITE PRONOUN
Def.: kata ganti yang menyatakan jumlah yang tidak jelas.
Anggota:
One
Body
Thing
+, -, ?
Some Someone Somebody Something
-, ?
Any
Anyone
Anybody
Anything
+, -, ?
Every Everyone Everybody Everything
+, -, ?
No
No one
Nobody
Nothing
NOTE:
No one penulisanya dipisah
Indefinite Pronouns di anggap singular
Example:
Setiap orang mengenalku
Everone knows me
Tak seorangpun mencintainya
No one loves her
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f. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
def.: Kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menanyakan benda
Anggota: Who, Whom, What
Example:
Ana always comes late
Who always comes late?
She finds a wallet
What does she find?
What is going on here?
Accident is happening here
g. RELATIVE PRONOUN
Def.: kata ganti yang digunakan sebagai conjunction dalam rangkaian
Adjective clause
Anggota: who (s), whom (o), which that (non person) ------ Yang
Example:
Orang yang kamu kenal adalah temanku
The man whom you know is my friend
Mr. Ramdhan menjumpai cewek yang saya ajar
Mr. Ramdhan meets a girl whom I teach
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ADJECTIVES
Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan Noun
Example: Beautiful, handsome . . . .
KINDS:
A. Limiting Adjectives (LA) – Adjectives yang membatasi Noun
Example: a, an, some, many . . .
B. Descriptive Adjectives (DA) – Adjective yang menggambarkan Noun
Example: Ugly, cruel, kind, polite. . .
NOTE: Adjective + Noun – Membetuk pola – Np (Noun Phrase)
Pre – M
 LA + DA
H
N
Post – M
LA DA N
Noun phrase
Tiga Cewek Yang Galak
LA
H/n
DA
3
cruel
girls  Np
LA + DA + N
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A. LIMITING ADJECTIVES (LA)
Anggota:
1. Article – a, an, the
2. Demonstrative Adjective – that, this
3. Possessive Adjective – My, your
4. Indefinite Adjective – Few, little, several, some
5. Numeral Adjective – one, first
1. ARTICLE _KATA SANDANG_
Kinds:
a. Definite Article (Jelas)
Anggota: “THE” – Un, Cn _Sing / Pl _Makna umum “itu”
b. Indefinite Article (Tidak Jelas)
Anggota: “A, AN” – Cn _sing _makna “se”
NOTE: Proper noun tidak didahului Article
Cn Singular harus di dahului article / LA yang lain
A : di ikuti bunyi Konsonan
An : di ikuti bunyi vocal
(a, an)
(a, an)
(a, an)
(a, an)
University
Umbrella
Hour
Expensive
(a, an, the)
(a, an, the)
(a, an, the)
2. Demonstrative Adjective (Kata tunjuk)
Kinds:
Singular This(ini) That (itu)
Plural
Book
Books
Water
Un, Cn/sing
These(ini) Those(itu)
Cn/Pl
(This / these) books
 Cn _Pl
(This / these) news
 Un
(That / those) information  Un
(That / those) oil
 Un
This / these (ini) Untuk benda yang dekat
That / those (itu) untuk benda yang jauh
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3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
Kind:
A. Possessive Adjective (Kepemilikan yang berasal dari pronoun)
Pronouns Possessive Adjective
I
You
We
They
She
He
It
My ...
Your …
Our …
Their …
His …
Her …
Its …
Example:
Bukunya mereka
H/n M/LA3
Mobil-mobilku
H/n M/LA3
Their book(s)
M/LA3 H/n
My
Cars
M/LA3 H/n
Cn, Un
Noun Phrase
B. Possessive Genitive (Kepemilikan yang berasal dari Benda)
BENDA HIDUP
a. Tidak berakhiran “S”
+ ‘s
Example:
Tasnya Aswan
Aswan’s bag
H/n
M/LA3
M/LA3 H/n
Ularnya Abdul
H/n
M/LA3
Abdul’s snake
M/LA3 H/n
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b. Berakhiran “S” (Murni)
Example:
Burung-nya muis
H/n
M/LA3
ONLINE CLASS
+ ‘s / ‘
Muis’s bird
Muis’ bird
c. Berakhiran “S” (Penanda Jamak) +’
Example:
Buku-nya Para siswa
Students’ books
H/n
M/LA3
M/LA3
H/n
d. Benda Mati
FORM:
N+N
M H
N of N
H
M
Jendela-nya kelas ini
The class window
M/LA3 H/n
The window of this class
M/LA3
H/n
Jendela-nya kelas ini
H/n
M/LA3
Boneka-nya adiknya tetangganya Lely
H
M/LA3
M/LA3
M/LA3
Lely’s neighbor’s
M/LA3 M/LA3
sister’s
M/LA3
doll
H/n
Jendela (nya) kelas-nya Mr. Joko
H
M/LA3
M/LA3
The window of Mr. Joko’s class
H/n
M/LA3
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4. Indefinite Quantity menyatakan jumlah yang tidak jelas
BANYAK: MANY (Cn Pl)
MUCH (UN)
(Many / much) Water (Un)
(Many / much) Homework (Un)
(Many / much) Lice (Cn. Pl)
(Many / much) Police (Cn. Pl)
(Many / much) News (Un)
SEDIKIT:
FEW
(Cn. Pl)
LITTLE
(Un)
(Few / little) deer (Cn. Sing/Pl)
(Few / little) teeth (Cn. Pl)
(Few / little) bikes (Cn. Pl)
(Few / little) money (Un)
(Few / little) petroleum (Bensin) (Un)
BEBERAPA
Some
+, -, ?
Cn. Pl , Un
Any
-, ?
Cn. Pl , Un
Several
+, -, ?
Cn. Pl
I don’t have (some / any / several) books
I have (some / any / several) cheese
Nimas gets (some / any / several) presents
SETIAP:
Example:
Every
Each
Every
Each
EVERY (Cn. Sing)
EACH
(Louse, lice)
(Man, men)
(Woman, women)
(Person, people)
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5. Numeral (Bilangan, Angka)
A. Ordinal Number (Bilangan bertingkat)
Example:
First
1st
Third
3rd
nd
Second
2
Fourth
4th
B. Cardinal Number (Bilangan pokok / biasa)
Example:
One
1
Cn. Sing
Two
2
Cn. Pl
Three
3
Cn. Pl
Etc.
Example:
Istri-nya Yuswo yang kedua
H/n M/LA3
M/LA5
Yuswo’s second wife
M/LA3 M/LA5 H/n
B. DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE (DA)
KIND: Cha, Qu, SI, A, T, Sha, Co, Na
1. Character (Sifat)
Humble, kind, cruel. Etc. . . .
2. Quality (Kualitas)
Ugly, handsome, beautiful. Etc.
3. Size (ukuran)
Slime, big, fat, thin, tall. Etc. . .
4. Age (Umur)
Old, young, new, ancient, classic. Etc. . .
5. Temperature (Suhu)
Cold, warm, hot. Etc. . .
6. Shape (Bentuk)
Square, triangle, circle, round. Etc. . .
7. Color (Warna)
Red, greenish, light blue, dark blue. Etc. .
.
8. Nationality (Kebangsaan) Javanese, American, Indonesian. Etc. . .
Pola: Np
LA 1,2,3,4,5
Pre-M
+
DA 1-8 + N
H
Noun Phrase
Example:
Seorang gadis cantik yang baik hati membeli sebuah rokok yang
mahal
A kind beautiful girl buys an expensive cigarette.
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LIMITING ADJECTIVE
1. A / an
2. The
3. This / that
4. These / those
5. Many / few
6. Much / little
7. Any / some
8. Several
9. Every / each
10. First, second
11. One
12. 2, 3, 4
(Cn. Sing)
(Un, Cn)
(Cn. Sing / Un)
(Cn. Pl)
(Cn. Pl)
(Un)
(Cn. Pl / Un)
(Cn. Pl)
(Cn. Sing)
(Cn. Un)
(Cn. Sing)
(Nc. Pl)
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NOUN
Def.: Kata yang digunakan untuk menamai benda.
NOUN CLASSIFICATION
1. Bedasarkan Wujud
2. Berdasarkan jumlah
3. Berdasarkan Penamaan
A. BERDASARKAN WUJUD
1. Concrete Noun / Nyata
Def: Kata benda yang dapat dideteksi oleh panca indra
Example: house, cake, book. . .
2. Abstract noun / Tidak nyata
Def: kata benda yang tidak dapat di deteksi oleh panca indra.
Example: Spirit, Happiness, sadness. . .
B. BERDASARKAN JUMLAH
Uncountable Noun
Un (Benda yang tidak dapat di hitung)
Example: Water, Money, Air, Sand, Sugar, etc . . .
Countable Noun
Cn (Benda yang dapat dihitung)
Example: Table, egg, car, etc. . .
COUNTABLE NOUN Di bagi Menjadi:
1. Singular
(Tunggal)
Egg, Pen, Card. Etc. . .
2. Plural
(Jamak)
A. IRREGULAR (Tidak beraturan)
Man
- Men
Ox
Child
- Children
Fish
Mouse - mice
Deer
- oxen
-Fish / Fishes
-deer. Etc. . .
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B. REGULAR (Beraturan)
1. Noun berakhiran [konsonan, -e, -ee + s]
 Book
- Books
 Tree
- Tress
 Table
- Tables
2. Noun berakhiran [-sh, -ch, -ss, -x, -o +es]
 Dish
-Dishes
 Branch
-Branches
 Class
-Classes
 Box
-Boxes
 Potato
-Potatoes
3. Noun Berakhiran [Konsonan + y]
 Kons + y + ies
 Story
-Stories
 Army
-Armies
4. Noun yang berakhiran [Vocal + y + s]
 Boy
-boys
 Key
-Keys
5. Noun Berakhiran [f / fe
 Knife -Knives
 Wife -Wives
f / fe + Ves]
NOTE: Hati – Hati dengan irregular Noun!
Studio 
Photo 
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NOUN _VERB AGREEMENT
NOUN
BE (IS, AM, ARE)
VERB
Un (sing)
Is
V s/es
Cn (sing)
Is
V s/es
Cn (Pl)
Are
V1
Example:
1. The (deer / deers) are cute
2. The (deer / deers) is mine
3. The police (is, are) on the street
4. The news (make, makes) me sad
5. The (music / musics) (is, are) melodius
6. A girl and boy (play / plays) badminton
7. The babies (sleep / sleeps) soundly
C. BERDASARKAN PENAMAAN
1. Common Noun (Benda yang bersifat umum)
Example: Boy, girl, fruit, country. . .
2. Proper noun / nama diri (Benda yang bersifat khusus “Di awali huruf
Kapital” tidak di awali: a, an, the.)
Example: Abdul, Chaca, Nimas, Indonesia, Bandung, Pare. . .
3. Material Noun (Benda yang berasal dari alam)
Example: Water, gold, sand, iron, etc. . .
4. Collective Noun (Kumpulan benda yang di anggap sebagai 1 kesatuan)
Example: Family, group, team, class. Etc. . .
NOTE:
American
British
(Collective Noun)
(Collective Noun)
Singular
Plural
Example: The family (is, are) happy
is ->Toefl
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CONJUNCTION
Kata Penghubung
Def: Kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan hal-hal yang setara /
tidak setara.
Kinds
1. COUMPOUND CONJUNCTION
2. COMPLEX CONJUNCTION
Explanation!
1. COMPOUND CONJUNTION
Def: kata yang menghubungkan hal-hal yang setara.
Noun
Conj
Noun
Phrase
Conj
Phrase
Clause
Conj
Clause
KINDS:
1. COORDINATIVE CONJUNCTION
2. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
1. COORDINATIVE CONJUNCTION (1 Conjunction yang sendirian)
Anggota: FANBOYS
 FOR (Karena)
 AND (Dan)
 NOR (Pun. . . tidak)
(and. . .not)
 BUT (Tetapi)
 OR
(Atau)
 YET (Tetapi)
 SO
(Sehingga)
NOTE: But, Or, And
Yet, Not, For, So
Yet, For, So
menghubungkan antara word, clause.
menghubungkan antara Clause
penulisanya didahului koma
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Example:
a. Dia Tidak Masuk, Karena Dia Pusing
She is absent, FOR she is dizzy
MC
MC
b. Faris Dan Sofyan Sedang Memancing
Faris AND Sofyan are fishing
N
N
c. Aku Mencintaimu Tetapi Aku Membencimu
I love you BUT I hate you
MC
MC
d. Kita Dapat Pergi Kesana Hari Minggu Atau Sabtu
We can go there on Sunday OR Saturday
N
N
e. Dia Pintar Tetapi Nakal
He is clever BUT naughty
adj YET adj
Clause
Tidak pake “YET” karena bukan
f. Aku Mencintaimu Tetapi Aku Membencimu
I love you, YET I hate you
MC
MC karena clause “YET” di gunakan, tandai (,)
g. Dia Ramah Jadi Dia Punya Banyak Teman
She is friendly, SO she has many friends
MC
MC
h. NOR (AND . . .NOT)
:S + Aux + Not + V
NOR
S + Aux+Not + V
Nor + Aux + S + V
Susun balik
Inversi
Mereka tidak tidur dan mereka tidak makan
They do not sleep AND they do NOT eat
(and + not) : NOR
THEY DO NOT SLEEP NOR DO THEY EAT
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2. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
Def: Conjunction yang bentuknya berpasangan
Anggota:
 Both S1 And S2
Keduanya
 Not only S1 But also S2
Keduanya
 Either S1 Or S2
Satu
 Neither S1 Nor S2
(Keduanya)
(tidak hanya . . . tetapi juga . . . .)
(Jika bukan . . . berarti. . . .)
Salah
(Baik . . . . maupun. . . . tidak. . . .)
None
Aturan!
A. APABILA MENGHUBUNGKAN SUBJECT
Both. . . . and . . . .
Selalu bertemu dengan V.pl (V untuk Sub Pl)
Selain both. . . . and. . . .
Verbnya mengikuti Subject kedua
Example:
1. Tidak hanya Kia tetapi juga Agung memanjat pohon
Not only Kia but also Agung (Climb / Climbs) the tree
S1
S2
2. Both Ana and Azam (Play / plays) in the movie
S1
S2
3. Either Mr. Gungun or I (Repaire / repaires) the car
S1
S2
4. Neither Jey nor Eka (cut / cuts) the grass
S1
S2
5. Either Jamrud or Harun and Rosyid (meet / meets) Ana
S1
S2
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B. APABILA MENGHUBUNGKAN ANTAR CLAUSE
Khusus
NOT ONLY S + V BUT ALSO
V + S (inversi)
NEITHER
S+V
V+S
NOR
ONLINE CLASS
S+V
S+V
V+S
Inversi
Example:


Betty tidak hanya menyanyi tetapi juga menangis
Not only Betty sings but also she cries
Not only does Betty sing but also she cries
V
S


Dia tidak hanya baik tetapi juga tidak sombong
Not only she is kind but also she is not arrogant
Not only is she kind but also she is not arrogant
V S (inversi)



Muchlis tidak sedang merokok dan tidak sedang minum
Muchlis is not only smoking and he is not drinking
Muchlis is not smoking nor is he drinking
Inversi
Neither is Muchlis smoking nor is he drinking Inversi
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2. COMPLEX CONJUNCTION
Def: Conjunction yang menghubungkan hal yang tidak setara (SC dan SC)
Anggota: while, when, before, after. . . . (Selain compound conjunction)
Pola
S+ V Complex conjunction S + V
Subordinative Coj
MC
SC
Example:
SHE IS ABSENT, FOR
s
lv s.cpl
comp
MC
SHE
s
IS ABSENT
lv
s.cpl
MC
SHE IS SICK
s
lv c.pl
MC
BECAUSE SHE
complex
s
IS SICK
lv c.pl
SC
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ADVERB
Def: kata yang berfungsi menjelaskan Adjective, Verb, Adv, Sentence.
KINDS:
1. BASE ON ITS MEANING (Berdasarkan maknanya)
A. ADVERB OF MANNER
Def: adv yang menyatakan Cara
 ADVERB
Adj + “Ly”
Slow + ly
Beautiful + ly
Careful + ly


dengan
slowly
beautifully
carefully
ADJ DAN ADV SAMA BENTUKNYA
Fast
Hard
Late
(adj)
fast
hard
late
(adv)
ADJ DAN ADV BERBEDA
Good
(adj)
well
(adv)
Etc. . .
POSISI: final (akhir)
Example:
1. She is (beautiful / beautifully) girl
2. She played (good / well)
3. He digs a (good / well)
sumur (noun)
4. They run (fast / fastly)
5. She has (beautiful / beautifully) dolls
KESIMPULAN
V
Adv
Lv
adj
…n
Adj
NOTE: tidak semua yang berakhiran ly adalah adverb
 Friendly
(adj) ramah
 Lovely
(adj) yang disayangi
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B. ADVERB OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
Def: adverb yang menyatakan tempat dan arah
Form:
TERDIRI DARI 1 KATA
Here, There, Overthere, In, . . .
Example: Please, come IN!
adv
TERDIRI LEBIH DARI 1 KATA
Form:
Prep + O of Prep
n/np
(pp)
PREP: In, On, At, Under, Above, Because Of . . .
Example: Abdel walks on
the water
Prep O of prep
POSISI: Final
Pp/adv
C. ADVERB OF TIME
Def: adverb yang menyatakan time
POSISI: Initial, Middle, Final.
KINDS: Definite time (waktu jelas)
Yerterday, tomorrow, now, right now, today. . .
POSISI: initial, final
Example: Yesterday, she came
Indefinite time (waktu tidak jelas)
Soon, already, just. . .
Adverb of freq (menunjukan keseringan)
Always, seldom, sometimes, often . . .
Example: Qien always goes to Pare
She has
already done
S V.aux adv
V.ord
Always : adverd
He will be a (success, successful, seccessully) man
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D. INTENSIFYING ADV(adv yang menegaskan pada suatu hal/adv penegas)
KIND:
a. ADV OF DEGREE (tingkatan)
Example: very, so, too, rather,. . .
menjelaskan : Adj, Adv, Verb, sentence.
b. DISTINGUISHING ADV (emphasize) penekanan
Anggota: not, even, exactly, just . . . menjelaskan: Adj, adv, Verb, sentence,
Noun, Pron, Prep, Conj . . .
Example:
1. Laily is (very/so/too) fat
2. Nimas sings a very (melodious/melodiously) song“
Adv
Adj
noun
3. Bukan karna layli aku datang kemari
Not because of Laily, I come here
Adv prep
4. She just wants to help me
Adv
v
5. Bahkan Eka mencintaiku
Even Eka loves me
Adv
noun
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2. BASED ON ITS FUNCTION
KINDS:
a. Sentence adverb
b. Explanatory Adverb
c. Exclamatory Adverb
d. Introgative Adverb
e. Relative Adverb
f. Conjunctive Adverb
A. SENTENCE ADVERD
Def: Adverb yang menjelaskan keseluruhan kalimat.
ANGGOTA:
 Probably
: mungkin
 Maybe
: mungkin
 Fortunately : Untungnya
 Unfotunately : sayangnya, sialnya
 Actually
: sebenarnya
Posisi : Initial (depan)
Middle : tengah
Final : akhir
Example:
Tadi malam, rumah agung kebakaran.
Last night agung’s house was burnt.
Untungnya dia masih hidup
Fortunately, he is still alive.
Initial/adv
sent
He fortunately is still alive
Middle
He is still alive fortunately
Final
Sebenarnya, aku masih mencintainya
Actually, I still love her
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ONLINE CLASS
B. EXPLANATORY ADVERB
Def: Adv yang menjelaskan sesuastu berupa contoh / rincian.
Anggota:
 Namely
 Such as
Example gratia. . .
Posisi: sebelum sesuatu yang di jelaskan
Eg: Ada banyak cewek cantik disini, seperti: Nimas, anggun, ana, azizah . . . .
There are many beautiful girls here, (such as/example/ namely)
Expl. Adv
C. EXCLAMATORY ADVERB
Def: adverb yang menyatakan luapan emosi/perasaan (berasal excl,
phrase)
Anggota: HOW
NOTE: WHAT tidak termasuk dalam EXCL. ADV
Karena tidak dapat menjelaskan NOUN
HOW + ADJ/ADV + S + V!
Pola: WHAT + NP + S + V!
Adv
Adv
Eg: Laily runs fast
S v adv
How fast Laily runs!
adv adv
What a pity you are!
Adv Np
BUKAN!
D. INTERROGATIVE ADVERB
Def: adv yang digunakan sebagai kata Tanya untuk menanyakan adv
Anggota: WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW.
Eg: Lely loved abdul last year
S
v
o
adv
When did Lely love Abdul
?
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
E. RELATIVE ADVERB
Def: adv yang di fungsikan sebagai conjunction dalam rangkaian Adjective
clause
Anggota:
 When Time
 Why Reason
 Where Place
 Which 
 That 
Eg: Rumah Dimana Kamu Tinggal Itu Besar
The house where you live
Adj n
conj s v
is
big
lv
s.cpl
Subject claus : adj clause
S: Noun
F. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB
Def: adv yang sekaligus di fungsikan sebagai conjunction
Anggota: MOREOVER, LIKE WISE …..
POLA:
S + V; CA, S + V
S + v. CA, S + V
Eg:
Dia itu sakit sehingga dia tidak masuk
She is sick, so she is absent
She is sick; hence, she is sick
She is sick. Hence, she is absent
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
Contoh RELATIVE ADVERB
I understand the reason why you are late
V
Adj N
Conj S Lv S.cpl
_ _________
S V
________________________________
O=N
Sc/adj clause
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
VERB
Def: kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aktifitas / kegiatan
Eg:
AKTIFITAS : Sleep, Eat, Study
KEADAAN : Forget, Love, Hate
Kinds:
A. BERDASARKAN BENTUKNYA
B. BERDASARKAN KEDUDUKANYA
A. BASED ON ITS FORM/BENTUK
1. INFINITIVE FORM “Present form”
 To inf
(To + V1)
 Bare inf
(V1)
 Additional inf
(V1 es/s)
: To Study, To Sleep
: Study, Sleep
: Studies, Sleeps
2. PAST FORM “V2”
 Regular ver (V1 + d/ed)
: Studied, Walked
 Irregular
(Oxford)
Go
Went
Eat
Ate
Drink Drank
3. PARTICIPLE FORM
 Present Participl
 Past participle
(V1 + Ing)
(V3)
: Eating, Sitting
: Gone, Eaten, Drunk
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
EXAMPLE OF VERB BASED ON ITS FORM
To inf
Add inf
Bare
inf
TO V-1
To draw
To give
To speak
To sing
V-1 S/ES
Draws
Gives
Speaks
Sings
V-1
Draw
Give
Speak
Sing
To write
To like
To cry
To play
Writes
Likes
Cries
Plays
To tie
To do
Ties
Does
Is/am/
are
Has
Begins
To be
To have
To begin
Past
participle
Present
participle
V-2
Drew
Gave
Spoke
Sang
V-3
Drawn
Given
Spoken
Sung
V-Ing
Drawing
Giving
Speaking
Singing
Write
Like
Cry
Play
Wrote
Liked
Cried
Played
Written
Liked
Cried
Played
Writing
Liking
Crying
Playing
Tie
Do
Tied
Did
Was/
were
Had
Began
Tied
Done
Tying
Doing
Be
Have
Begin
Past
tense
Been
Had
Begun
Being
Irregular
Regular
Irregular
Having
Beginning
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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B. BASED ON ITS POSITION/KEDUDUKAN
ONLINE CLASS
“Posisi”
1. ORDINARY VERD
 Main verb : kata kejra utama
 Harus Ada Dalam Kalimat
 Jumlahnya 1
2. AUXILIARY VERB
 Kata Kerja Bantu
 Tidak harus ada dalam kalimat
 Jumlahnya bisa lebih dari 1
Eg:
Laily will have been studying English
S aux aux aux ORD
Verb
Ustadzah Ana will have been here
S
aux aux ORD
Ustadzah Ana been here
V3
Verb
Was
Is
: V2
: V1 /V s/es
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
1. ORDINARY VERB
A. TRANSITIVE VERD “v (t)”
Def: Verb yang membutuhkan OJECT
Kind:
1. MONOTRANSITIVE
Def: yang membutuhkan 1 Object
Eg: Azam drinks Baygon
S vt
O
2. DISTRANSITIVE VERBS
Def: kata kerja yang membutuhkan 2 Object
Form:
S + V + IO + DO
S + V + DO + TO/FOR + ID
Prep
NOTE:
IO
: Indirect Object
(object yang tidak langsung)
DO
: Direct object
(umumnya non-person)
(object yang langsung berhubungan dengan subject)
Eg:
Agung membelikan NELY seekor kucing
s
v
IO
DO
Agung buys NELY a cat
s V-Dit IO
DO
Agung buys a cat for NELY
s V-dit DO IO
CERTAIN VERB
Ask
Leave
Pay
Sell
Tell
Bring
Lend
Play
Send
Wish
Buy
Make
Promise
Show
Write
Cost
Offer
Read
Sing
Get
Owe
Refuse
Take
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
Give
Pass
Say
Teach
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ONLINE CLASS
B. INTRANSITIVE VERB “v (i)” verb yang tidak membutuhkan OBJECT
Kinds:
1. COMPLETE PREDICATION
Def:“kata kerja yang sudah lengkap”
Form:
S + Vi + Adv
Eg: Zamrud tidur setiap malam
Zamrud sleeps every night
s
vi
adv
2. INCOMPLETE PREDICATION
Def: kata kerja yang belum lengkap, sehingga butuh pelengkap
Form:
S + Lv + Complement
Vord
3C
(ANA) Adjective, Noun, Adverb
Lv: Linking Verbs
Def: verb yang menhubungkan antara Subject dan pelengkap
Eg:
I feel confused
Adjective
s lv Subjective Complement
I am a student
s lv s.cpl
Np
I am here
s lv s.cpl
Adverb
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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1. BERUPA “BE”
 Is, am, are
 been, being
 Was, were
 be
ONLINE CLASS
CERTAIN LINKING VERB
2. NON – “BE”
Eg:
They GET happy
s
Lv s.cpl
Adjective, Noun, Adverb
NOMINAL
Adj
They GET much money
s
Vt
O/Np
She BECAMES a lecture
s
Lv
O/Np
He APPEAR sad
s
Lv
S.Cpl
POLA KALIMAT:
S + V + O + (Adv)
1. S + Vt + O + (Adv)
2. S + Vi + O + (Adv)
3. S + Lv + O + S.Cpl + (Adv)
Became
Remind Adj/N
Turn
Appear
Feel
Get
Grow
Keep
Look
Adj
Prove
Seem
Smell
Sound
Stay
Taste
Verbal
PERBEDAAN LINKING VERB DENGAN VERB
Eg:
I GET much money
s vt
o
Np
GET: Mendapat
They GET happy
s
Lv S.Cpl
Adj
GET: Menjadi
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
2. AUXILIARY / KATA KERJA BANTU
Kind:
A. PRIMARY AUXILIARY
 Tidak mempunyai makna kamus (dalam kalimat) menujukan
karakter tense
 Apabila sendirian makna bisa menjadi Vord
Anggota
 BE
: Is, Am, Are, Was, Were, Been, Being, Be.
 HAVE : Have, Has, Had, Have
 DO
: Do, Does, Did, Do (-,?)
Eg:
I AM
Eating bread
V-aux V-ord
I AM handsome
V-ord
I DO not Read it
V-aux V-ord
I DO it
V-ord
B. MODAL AUXILIARY
 Mempunyai makna kamus (dalam kalimat)
 Selamanya auxiliary
 Membentuk karakter tenses (Can, Will, Must, May, Should. . . .)
Eg:
Muis CAN
Help Retno
Muis Dapat membantu Retno
V-aux V-ord
C. EMPHASIZE AUXILIARY
 Memberikan penekanan
 Makna (sungguh-sunguh, benar-benar)
Anggota:
 Do, does
Present
 Did
Past
Eg: I DO
love you
“I did love you”
V-aux V-ord
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
54 | P a g e
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ONLINE CLASS
C. BASED ON ITS FUNCTION
1. Finite Verb (F)
Def: kata yang menempati posisi Verb (di fungsikan sebagai Verb)
2. Infinite Verb (I)
Def: kata kerja yang tidak menempati posisi verb (di fungsikan selain verb)
Pola kalimat:
S
+
V
+
O
+
Adv
V
V
V
V
Eg:
I
F
I
I
He Helps me
S V O
Dringking oil IS Ridho’s hobby
S
Lv
s.cpl
I
F
Reading a book, she SLEEPS
Adv
s
V
I
F
They FORGET avoiding the problem
S
V
O
F
I
Swimming IS nice
S
lv s.cpl
I
F
The Boy KISSED by Abdul CRIES
I
F
Eka AVOIDS Meeting Ahmad
F
I
KISSED, Alief RUNS fast
I
F
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
They will is sleep
They will be sleep
Faris will am with Nimas
Faris will be meeting Nimas
SYARAT FINITE VERB
1. TO INFINITIVE (TO + V1)
 Selalu infinitive
Eg: I want to know your hobby
I
2. VERB BARE INFINITIVE (V1)
a. Berdiri Sendiri
Eg: we PUNISH her
F
b. Terletak setelah modal
Form:
M + V1
Eg: Alief will love Sofyan
M V1
3. V (S/ES) SELALU FINITE
Eg: He DRINKS Oil
F
4. V2 SELALU FINITE
Eg: He ATE stone
F
5. V3
a. Terletak setelah “have”
Form:
Have + V3
Eg: Dede and Eka Have DONE it
F
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
b. Terletak setelah “BE”
Form:
Be + V3
Eg: Lubab Is KISSED by Pepi
F
6. V-ing
Terletak setelah “BE”
Form:
Be + Ving
Eg: Ricky is LOOKING FOR knowledge
F
KESIMPULAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Simple
Present
Past
Future
Perfect
Continuous
Passive


Betty will has is read a book Betty will have been reading a book
Harun has are bring a car
Harun has been bringing a car
Eg:
:O
: V1 /Vs (es)
: V2
: will / shall + V1
: Have + V3
: be + Ving
: be + V3
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
INTERJECTION
Def: kata yang digunakan untuk meluapkan perasaan / emosi
(Penulisanya di akhiri tanda seru)
Eg:
 Damn it!
: Sialan!
 What a pity
: Kasihan!
 Oh God!
: Oh tuhan!
 Alas!
: Kesal!
 Bravo!
: persetujuan!
 Hush!
: Perhatian!
 Pshaw!
: ketidaksabaran!
 Heigh-ho!
: kejemuan!
 Fie!fie!
: Celaan!
 Oh!
: Help!
 Hurrah!
: Well!
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
PREPOSITION
Def: kata yang mengawali Prepositional Phrase (kata depan)
Pola: Pp
Prep +
O. of prep
N, Pron, Np, G,Nc
Pp
Form:
a. Terdiri dari 1 kata (single word)
 In
 On
 At
 Above
 Under
 Etc. .
b. Terdiri lebih dari 1 kata
 Because Of
 Next To
 In Front Of
 In The Middle Of
 Etc. . .
Eg:
Laily Sits On
The Stove
s
v
Prep O.Of Prep
Sent
Pp /Adv
Nimas Is Happy Because Of Me
s
lv s.cpl prep. . .
O. of prep
Sent
Pp /Adv
KIND OF PREP:
1. Free Prep
(Tidak Terikat Dengan Kata Lain)
After, before, for. . . . etc
2. Bound prep (terikat dengan kata yang lain)
Together WITH
interested IN
Adv
prep
adj
prep
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
KATA-KATA YANG DAPAT MENGIKAT PREP
1. NOUN + PREP
Attention TO
N
Prep
Objection TO
N
Prep
Please! Attention to me!
2. ADJ + PREP
Angry With, afraid of, interested In. . .
3. ADV + PREP
I’m afraid OF Rido
Adj prep
Together WITH. . . .
4. VERB + PREP
A. TIDAK membetuk makna baru”
Look
look at
: melihat
Believe
believe in
: percaya
Live
Live in
: tinggal
B. Membentuk makna baru
a. Unspareable (Tidak Bisa Dipisah Oleh Object)
 Look for
: mencari
 Take care
: merawat
b. Sparable (Dapat Dipisah Oleh Object)
 Pick up
: menjemput
 Take up
: membawa
Eg:




Ramdhan lives in Bandung
 Ramdhan lives Bandung in
Abdul looks for a wife

S
v
o
Abdul looks a wife for
 Unsparable
Ridho picks up Laily in the Jungle
S
v
o
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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


Ridho picks Laily up in the jungle
Ridho picks her up in the jungle
Ridho picks up her in the jungle
ONLINE CLASS
(v)
(v)
(x)
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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ONLINE CLASS
“When you try to research, you will get much more than only given”
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