Dampak Lingkungan - UIGM | Login Student

MANAJEMEN RISIKO
LINGKUNGAN
1
Environmental disasters – the not so obvious ones
De-forestation
Salinity
Depletion of fish stocks from over-fishing
Coral bleaching
Rabbits and other introduced species
Tobacco smoking
Economic growth & consumption (i.e carbon and
impact on the environment)
 Increasingly severe weather events – typhoons,
cyclones, earthquakes, storms, droughts







2
What is Sustainability?
3
What is Environmental Risk?

Environmental risk
◦ Muncul dari akibat hubungan antara manusia,
aktivitas manusia dan lingkungan

Ecological risk management
◦ Berkaitan dengan resiko yang berhubungan dengan
aktivitas masa lalu, kini dan yang akan datang pada
flora, fauna dan ekosistem.
◦ Merupakan bagian dari manajemen resiko
lingkungan
4
Tipe Resiko Lingkungan:
1. Risk to the environment
•
Tipe resiko ini merekognisi bahwa aktivitasaktivitas suatu organisasi dapat menyebabkan
beberapa bentuk perubahan lingkungan
•
Resiko lingkungan dapat berhubungan dengan:
– Flora dan fauna, kesehatan dan kenyamanan
manusia;
– Kesejahteraan sosial dan kultural;
– Sumberdaya tanah, air, dan udara;
– Energi dan iklim
5
2. Risk to an organization from environmentrelated issues
•
Hal ini mencakup resiko dari ketidak-sesuaian
dengan legislasi yang ada atau yang akan ada (or
future legislation)
•
Resiko mencakup kerugian bisnis suatu
organisasi dapat sebagai akibat dari pengelolaan
yang jelek, seperti kehilangan reputasi, denda,
biaya proses pengadilan, dan dari kerusakan
untuk menjamin dan memelihara ijin untuk
pengembangan dan aktivitas operasional
Keduanya mempunyai dampak lingkungan,
legal, finansial, reputasional, dan operasional
6
Key Definitions:
Sumber Resiko – Semua sumber resiko
dimana terdapat hubungan sebab-akibat
Hazard – Suatu sumber potensi bahaya atau
kerusakan
Aspek Lingkungan – Elemen aktivitas
organisasi, produk atau jasa yang dapat
berinteraksi dengan lingkungan
7
Insiden (Incidents, “Event”)
– Setiap kejadian yang dapat berdampak pada
lingkungan (suatu kejadian melepaskan
potensi intrinsik bahaya)
Dampak (Impacts)
• Mencakup pengaruh dan konsekuen
Konsekuensi (Consequence)
• Hasil dari pengaruh suatu kejadian
8
Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental
impact)
•
Perubahan-perubahan lingkungan baik
keseluruhan maupun sebagian akibat dari
aktivitas organisasi, produk atau jasa
Menajemen resiko (Risk management )
•
Pendekatan terstruktur dan sistematik
untuk pengambilan keputusan
9
10
Sumber Bahaya (Hazards)






Bahan kimia toksik pada manusia, hewan, dan
tanaman
Material yang mudah terbakar atau meledak
Peralatan mekanis yang apabila terjadi
kerusakan/kegagalan membahayakan personal dan
properti
Kerusakan/gangguan struktural (e.g., dam or
containment vessel);
Bencana alam yang memperburuk kerusakan
teknologis
Kerusakaan ekosistem (e.g., eutrophication, soil
erosion).
11
12
Contoh Informasi tentang Bahaya
Potensi pelepasan bahan kima berbahaya
(laju dan jumlah)
 Ensiden kebakaran dan ledakan
 Transport dan jalur polutan di
lingkungan
 Mekanisme dan laju dilusi-dispersi
 Paparan toksin (berapa banyak)

13
Need to manage environmental risk – but
how?
Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan (SML) /
Environmental management system (EMS)
Merujuk pada program lingkungan suatu
organisasi dalam suatu cara yang
komprehensif, sistematik, terencana, dan
terdokumentasi:
•
•
Serves as a tool to improve environmental
performance
Provides a systematic way of managing an
organisation’s environmental affairs
14
•
Dimaksudkan pada dampak jangka pendek
dan jangka panjang dari produk, jasa dan
proses pada lingkungan
•
Memberikan urutan dan konsistensi untuk
organisasi dalam pengelolaan lingkungan
melalui alokasi sumberdaya, penugasan
penanggungjawab, evaluasi berkesinambungan
praktek, prosedur dan proses
15
•
Fokus pada continual improvement
sistem pengelolaan lingkungan
An EMS follows a Plan-Do-CheckAct Cycle
 Siklus PDCA
16
Key Elements of an EMS:
 Policy
Statement – Statement
komitmen organisasi pada lingkungan
 Identifikiasi
Dampak Lingkungan yang
signifikan (Significant
Environmental Impacts) - Atribut
lingkungan produk, aktivitas dan jasa
serta pengaruhnya pada lingkungan
17
•
Pengembangan Tujuan dan Target
(Development of Objectives and
Targets)
•
Implementation – Rencana untuk
memenuhi tujuan dan target
•
Training - instruction to ensure employees
are aware and capable of fulfilling their
environmental responsibilities
•
Management Review
18
Environmental Risk
Assessment
Aspect
Identification
Hazard
Identification
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Prioritisation
19
Mengidentifikasi Aspek
Tujuan:
• Mempelajari secara lengkap dampak
yang mungkin terjadi
• Mengajak stakeholders
• Meningkatkan kepedulian
• Menelaah aspek-aspek yang ada
20
Aspects
Common:




Office and
administration.
Teaching.
Laboratories &
Research.
Maintenance.
Unusual:
Transport.
 Sewage treatment.
 Incineration.
 Farming.
 Rocket test firing.
 Mine operations.

21
Mengidentifikasi Hazard
Tujuan:
• Memahami tingkat (ukuran) dampak
potensial
• Meningkatkan kepedulian pada
dampak potensial
22
Environmental Hazards
•
•
•
•
•
•
Common:
Unusual:
Chemicals.
Dust.
Fire.
Noise.
Light.
Waste.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nanoparticles.
Radiation.
Clinical agents.
Biological.
Explosives.
Gases.
23
Environmental
Hazards
Environmental
Risks
Tujuan:
• Memahami tipe dampak
• Memahami skala dampak
• Memahami inter-relasi dan
menentukan pendekatan
24
Environmental Risks
Common:
•
•
•
•
Legal.
Pollution.
Contamination.
Nuisance.
Unusual:
• Climate change.
• Consumption
(i.e. non-renewable
resources).
• Inadvertent harm
(bahaya karena
ketidak-hati-hatian).
25
Environmental Risks
Tujuan:
• Mengidentifikasi resiko umum
• Mengidentifikasi resiko ‘accepted’ dan
‘unacceptable’ risks
• Menfokuskan sumberdaya
• Mengembangkan dasar untuk continued
improvement.
26
Prioritising
Common:
• Prioritise by greatest risk.
Complexities:
• Intrinsic risk can be high risk.
• Competing risks do not equal the
environmental risk.
27
…as an Example
Chemicals: Identification and Assessment.
Operation
Activity/Aspect
Laboratories - daily Storing and using
operations.
chemicals within
laboratories.
Fume cupboards Use of chemicals in
fume cupbords.
Fieldwork
Use of chemicals in
the field.
Transporting
Transporting
Materials chemicals by vehicle
Chemicals
between or around
campuses and sites.
Transport
Use of chemicals
during maintenance.
Waste
Disposal of
Management sewerable
Chemical
chemicals.
Waste
Disposal of nonManagement sewerable
Chemical
chemicals.
Printery
Use of volatile
chemicals and
solvents
Disaster
Fire in a chemical
Management
store or location
Risk
Controls
Spillage of chemical escaping to soil or Must follow regulations
receiving waters
Legal
OHS Regs
Loss of volatile chemicals to
atmosphere.
Loss of chemicals to the receiving
environment.
Loss to the environment by spilling.
Local procedures
No
Local procedures
No
Follow regulations
DGSM Act.
Disaster
Management
Chemicals washed to Brisbane river in
fire water
Fire in a chemical
store or location
Loss to the evironment through spills
Areas bunded. Disposal systems
and improper disposal.
provided.
Release to the environment by improper EMS
or non-sewerable chemical disposal.
ERA
Improperly disposed and being released EMS. Contractor for collection and
to the receiving environment.
disposal.
EPP Waste
Release to the environment
None
ERA
Chemicals volatilised and released to
the atmosphere.
Fire protection. Response processes. Council bylaw.
Stored in accordance with code and
Act
Fire protection. Response processes. Council bylaw.
Stored in accordance with code and
Act
EPP Waste
28
Chemicals: Identification and Assessment...
Operation
Central Chemical
Store - Daily
Operations
Chemical Waste
Store - Daily
operations
Chemical Waste
Store - Incident
Cleaning - Daily
operations
Disaster
Management
Workshop chemical storage
CAAS - Chemical
Treatment Facility
Chemical Waste
Store - Incident
Chemical Waste
Store - Incident
Swimming Pool Daily Operations
Activity/Aspect
Decanting
Chemicals
Risk
Controls
Spillage of chemical escaping to soil or Bunding. Drainage to sewer.
receiving waters
Legal
Council bylaw.
Storing waste
chemicals.
Loss of chemicls to the Brisbane river
through spill or leak.
No
Flood inundating the
store.
Use of chemical
cleaners
Release of fire water
from site.
Storing chemicals in
the workshop.
Storage of bulk
volumes of NaOH
Fire
Loss of chemicals to the Brisbane River. Containers small. Volumes kept low. No
Can be cleared with warning.
Spills of chemicals to receiving
Cleaning rooms bunded and plumbed No
environment.
to sewer.
Release of chemicals to receiving
None
No
waters
Spills being released to the creek.
Spill kit.
No
Fire
Leaks being lost to receiving
environment.
Release to the Brisbane River in fire
water.
Release to atmosphere in smoke plume
Use of chemicals in Contamination of surface waters in the
maintenance
event of a spill
Washing up with
Release of chemicals to sewer and
detergents
receiving waters
Tea Rooms
Use
of
chemicals
in
Contact with incompatible materials.
Swimming Pool maintenance
Daily Operations
Traffic and Parking Deterioration of paint Entering natural water bodies.
used for line
marking.
Bunded. Small containers.
Frequently cleared.
Bunded. Spill processes
ERA
Containmanet tank. Volumes kept
No
low by weekly pick up.
Volumes kept low by weekly pick up. No
None
EPP Water
All such sinks are connected to
sewer. Plants are tertiary treated.
Spill kit. Training
No
None
None
None
29
Chemicals: Identification and Assessment...
Operation
Bulk Flammable
and Combustible
Stores
Activity/Aspect
Risk
Storing FCLs in
Fire or spill causing contamination of
rooms and buildings. receiving environment
Laboratories - daily Storing and using
operations.
chemicals within
laboratories.
Spillage of chemical escaping to soil or
receiving waters
Controls
Legal
Must follow regulations.
Council bylaw.
Must follow regulations.
OHS Regs
Fume cupboards
Use of chemicals in Loss of volatile chemicals to
fume cupboards.
atmosphere.
Local procedures.
No
Fieldwork
Use of chemicals in Loss of chemicals to the receiving
the field.
environment.
Local procedures.
No
Transporting
Materials Chemicals
Transporting
Loss to the environment by spilling.
chemicals by vehicle
between or around
campuses and sites.
Follow regulations.
DGSM Act.
Waste
Management Chemical
Disposal of
sewerable
chemicals.
Release to the environment by improper EMS.
or non-sewerable chemical disposal.
EPP Waste
Waste
Management Chemical
Disposal of nonsewerable
chemicals.
Improperly disposed and being released EMS. Contractor for collection and
to the receiving environment.
disposal.
EPP Waste
Printery
Use of volatile
chemicals and
solvents
Release to the environment
ERA
None.
30
Chemicals: Risk Management.
31
32