108
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Sxrr-r
16:
PAST PARTICIPLES AFTER HAVE
wheneveryou see the verb /nve in any of its forms (have, has, lnving, had),be
sure that the verb that follows it is in the past participle form.
We had complete':'the work.
They lnve went* to the market.
In the first example, complere should be the past par-ticiple conryletedbecause it is
aft.er had.In the second example, went should be the past participle gone because
it is after hante.
The follorving chart outlines the use of verb forms aft-er have.
VERB FORMS AFTER HAVE
have +
NOTE: Exercises
past participle
to practice irregular verb forms are included at
the back of the text in Appendix
D. You may want to complete
these exercises before you continue with Skills l6 through .|8.
EXERCISE 16: Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed withhave.
Underline the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
I
1. We have already hearing the good
C
2.
She has ridden her bicycle to school every day.
3.
I have aln,ays believe voti.
4. He has
ne\vs.
find the missine car kevs.
5.
They have put their money in a savings account.
6.
Their parents have allowed them to stav up late.
7. She has
8.
never ran away ftom home before.
Have you ever saw a ghost?
9. Ther- have taken three tests already
_
10.
He has offer me a higrr-paying job.
this
r,veek.
WRITTEN
Sxrr-r
17:
EXPRESSION 109
PRESENT PARTICIPLES OR PAST PARTICIPLES
AFTER BE
The verb be in anv of its fbrms (ant, is, are, was, ryere, be, been, being) can be follou,ed bv another verb. This verb should be in either the present participle or the
past participle form.
Thev arE turn on;' all the lamps.
The office door ls lock'" in the evening.
In the first erample, tunt
orz should be ttrning on because
second example, /ock shouldbe locked because it is after is.
The followins chart outlines the use of verb forms after
it is afler are. In the
be.
VERB FORMS AFTER BE
be
(1) present participle
(2) past participle
a
EXERCISE 17z Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed with be.
Underline the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
- 1. She yq!:lldy the textbooks all night long.
C 2. The pie u?! ru! into six equal pieces.
I
3.
Today the teacher is allou, the students to leave class a few minutes early.
4. The class is teach even'other
5. Tom is bringing
semesrer.
some drinks to the part-v.
6. The sick child r,r'as taken to see a doctor.
7. The children are su,im in the backvard pool.
8. The diamond jerveln'is al-uvavs
9. The teacher is preparing
keep in a safe place.
a di{'ficult exam
10. Dinner is sen'ed from 6:00 to 8:00.
for the students.
110
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Srcrr 18: BASE FORM VERBS AFTER MODALS
Whenever you see a modal such as will, would, shall, should, can, could, mry,
might, or mllst, you should be sure that the verb that follows it is in its base form.
You must telling" her the truth.
The child may cornes" in now.
In the first example, telling should be the base for-n-r tellbecause it follows must.In
the second example, comes should be the base form come because it follows may.
The following chart outlines the use of verb forms after modals.
VERB FORMS AFTER MODALS
modal +
base form of the verb
EXERCISE 18: Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed with a
modal. Underline the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or
incorrect (I).
C
1. You should try to respond politely.
I
2. Everyone must
3. I could
4.
She
leaves the room immediatelv.
sat on the beach for hours.
will asking vou manv difficult questions.
5. You can look at the book, but you cannot borrow it.
6. He may lies to you because
he is not very
truthful.
7. He knew that he would forgot the phone number.
8. The weatherman said that it might snowing tonight.
9.
Perhaps rve could bought a new car this year.
10. This course will satisfy the graduation requirement.
-
WR
TEN
EXPRESSION
EXERCISE (Skills l6-18): Each of the following sentences contains a verb
formed with several parts. Underline the verbs tr,vice. Then indicate if the sentc'nces are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1. We have became good friends in the last vear.
2. fbur name rvill
be list in the nerv directon,.
3. The new movie is receive good
4.
reviews.
She must have feel sorr.,'about her bad behavior.
5. Thev
have always given their familv manv presents.
6.
We mav be taking a vacation next rveek.
7.
We could have taking a r,'acation last rveek.
8. The package might had
been delir,er bv an express mail senrice.
9. I have not wrote very. many letters to my friends.
10. The car should not
ha.ve be
--
drive anvmore todav
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 16-18): Choose the letter of the underlined word or
group of words that is not correct.
1. By the 1920s, many radio transmitters had been build.
ABCD
2.
Fish farming has rose in the United States in recent vears.
ABCD
3. In areas of r,olcanic actir.itr', beach sand mav contains dark minerals
ABC-
and
little quartz.
D
4.
Cro-Ma-qnon man was nalnes after the caves in southwest France where the
AB
first remains were discovered.
5.
Lassie, the famous collie r,r,ho made her first lelqen appearance
alwavs b" pleyg4 bv a male dog.
AB
in
1
943, has
CD
6.
A blue bigwig lizard stakes out a territorJ and
ABC
it against courting males.
D
will defending temales u,ithin
111
112
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
7. President
George Washington \\/as
4elgg1atg! on the steps of the Fecleral
ABC
Br-rildine in Neu,York Citr,:
D
B. Bf' 1627, Plvnlouth had became a viable and grorving commqnity of 50
A
-C-
B-
f'amilies, 25 goats, 15 corvs, and more than 50 pigs.
D
9.
Tobacco u'its thc crop ()n r,r'hich the eminence of Willianrsburq and the
A
pfglperlt)' of Virginia u'ere
l>ase.
CD
1
0.
-
-B-
Becattse there may be scores of genes
---
in each suspect DNA region, scientists
must identif ine and lgggenge' the actual
-qenes contributing to TVpe I
B
C
-D
diabetes.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-18): Choose the letter of the \\rord or
group of rt'ords that best completes the sentence.
1.
the deepest vallevs and
the
Earth.
on
canrons
_ the
action of the opera too much and
have rl,ritten operas v,'ithout them.
Wagner, have felt that
--
(A) In the Pacific
(B) In the Pacific
(C)
(D)
3. Some colnposers, such as Richarcl
Ocean u,,ith
Ocean
The Pacific Ocean
The Pacihc Ocean has
2. In the United States, the participation
of females in the labor force
from 37 percent in 1965 to -51 percent
in 1980.
(A) arias interrupt
(B) interrupt arias
(C) the interruption of arias
(D) areas of interruption
(A) it jumped
(B) jr,unp
(C) jumping
(D) jumped
Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of r,r'ords that is not correcr.
4. Waler
storc.d behincl a dam can used to drive turbines.
ABCD
5. Our universe
t-nav L'ontinue
to expand as it gets colder, qmpt]', and deader.
ABED
WRITTEN
EXPRESSION
6. Every form of matter in the world are made up of atoms.
ABCD
7. The lens and cornea are supply u'ith nutrients and oxygen bv the aqueous
ABCD
fluid.
8.
Dodge Cit),, laid out
in
1872, orved both its prosperitv and its famous to the
e --D-
buffalo in its earlv vears.
AB
9. The amount of the tu,o kinds of cholesterol in the blood
ABC
have been shou.n to
have an effect on the risk of heart attack.
D
10. By the time Noah Webster reached his mid-twenties, he had already publish
ABC
an elementar-v sneller.
D
1
13
