1. What is the primary source of oil and gas Marine planton 2. What component of a hydrocarbon system must exist in order for there to be oil and/or gas A 3. Prior to the shale gas and shale oil revolution, shale was considered to be a poor reservoir rock because of its low ________________. shale gas being an unconventional reservoir, it's because shale has such low permeability 4. What technology is used to image rock layering in the subsurface over regions extending many miles/kilometres Seismic reflection imaging remains the most widely used geophysical technique in hydrocarbon exploration. Sound waves are used to map the layers of subsurface rock and the resulting images are then used to identify potential hydrocarbon accumulations 5. A lease must first be obtained from the land company agent before drilling for oil and gas. (Sewa harus terlebih dahulu diperoleh dari agen perusahaan tanah sebelum mengebor minyak dan gas.) Setelah kontrak ditandatangani dan sebelum sumur dibor di atas tanah, pemeriksaan hak penuh harus dilakukan (benar) 6. What isolates the interior of an oil/gas well from the surrounding rock and fluids? D Penjelsanya (A well casing is a lining that is installed in an oil well once it is drilled and surrounds the well entirely. Casing is typically hollow steel pipe that lines the inside of the wellbore.[1] Casings are used to support the well, as the raw sides of the well would collapse in without support 7. The oil window is primarily defined by a range in which of the following A. Penjelasanya the temperatures at depths below about 15,000 feet are high enough (above 275 degrees F) to break hydrocarbon bond. 8. In which of the following geologic settings do oil and gas deposits first form horizontals Quiz 2 1. In the oil and gas industry, what is a specific subsurface site where oil and gas might be found called Prospeknya dong 2. Production rates from an oil/gas well initially decline because of a loss of what loss of reservoir pressure e curve analysis (DCA) is a graphical procedure used for analyzing declining production rates and forecasting future performance of oil and gas wells. Oil and gas production rates decline as a function of time; loss of reservoir pressure, or changing relative volumes of the produced fluids, are usually the cause. Fitting a line through the performance history and assuming this same trend will continue in future forms the basis of DCA concept. It is important to note here that in absence of stabilized production trends the technique cannot be expected to give reliable results 3. What two substances are used to extract oil during the secondary recovery phase Natural gas dan air The term secondary recovery technique refers to any method for removing oil from a reservoir after all natural recovery methods have been exhausted. The term has slightly different meanings depending on the stage of recovery at which such methods are used. The oil trapped in an underground reservoir is typically mixed with water, natural gas , and other gases. When a well is sunk into the reservoir, oil may flow up the well pipe to the earth's surface at a rate determined by the concentration of these other substances. If the gas pressure is high, for example, the oil may be pushed out in a fountain-like gusher. Flow out of the reservoir continues under the influence of a number of natural factors, such as gravity, pressure of surrounding water, and gas pressure. Later, flow is continued by means of pumping. All such recovery appr 4. What is increasingly being used as an injection gas in tertiary oil recover Karbon dioksida Gas injection used as a tertiary method of recovery involves injecting natural gas, nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the reservoir. The gases can either expand and push gases through the reservoir, or mix with or dissolve within the oil, decreasing viscosity and increasing flow. 5. After tertiary recovery methods have been applied to an oil field, how much oil is typically still left in the reservoir? 60% yang terakhir After secondary recovery, typically only around 30% of the oil in the reservoir has been recovered and around 70% remains in the ground, and so an operator can consider tertiary recovery (known as EOR). EOR can reverse the decline of mature fields and increase the overall percentage recovered. 6. In tertiary recovery, the remaining oil is freed from its adhesion to sediment grains by. Thermal recovery introduces heat to the reservoir to reduce the viscosity of the oil. Many times, steam is applied to the reservoir, thinning the oil and enhancing its ability to flow. First applied in Venezuela in the 1960s, thermal recovery now accounts for more than 50% of applied EOR in the US. 7. Drilling of what type of additional wells turn an economic well into an oil field? Deveploment itu adalah pengembangan. A development well is drilled in a proven producing area for the production of oil or gas. It stands in contrast to an exploratory well, which is one that is initially drilled to find oil or gas in an unproven area. As a result, dry or unsuccessful development wells are rarer than dry exploratory wells. Chances of success increase when the development well is drilled to a depth that is likely to be most productive. 8. What does the history of production rates for a large region or even country generally look like over a long time? Bell shaped curve Cari sndri aku ini ngarang tapi bener Quiz 3 1. Wet gas is rich in what? Wet gas contains around 85 percent methane and other liquid natural gasses like ethane and butane. It's these extra liquid components that make the gas "wet." ... Wet gas is actually proving more valuable than dry gas as components like ethane are used to create the basis for many plastics 2. What is a very common contaminant that must be removed from both natural gas and oil? Sulfur keknya 3. Methane gas is almost pure after it has been processed. murni he natural gas used by consumers is composed almost entirely of methane. However, natural gas found at the wellhead, although still composed primarily of methane, is by no means as pure. Raw natural gas comes from three types of wells: oil wells, gas wells, and condensate wells. Natural gas that comes from oil wells is typically termed ‘associated gas’. This gas can exist separate from oil in the formation (free gas), or dissolved in the crude oil (dissolved gas). Natural gas from gas and condensate wells, in which there is little or no crude oil, is termed ‘nonassociated gas’. Gas wells typically produce raw natural gas by itself, while condensate wells produce free natural gas along with a semi-liquid hydrocarbon condensate. Whatever the source of the natural gas, once separated from crude oil (if present) it commonly exists in mixtures with other hydrocarbons; principally ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes. In addition, raw natural gas contains water vapor, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, and other compounds. To learn about the basics of natural gas, including its composition. 4. What is the core process in refining crude oil into petroleum products? In the refining process, crude oil is refined to produce different petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. For the conversion to take place, crude oil is heated and introduced into the distillation tower. In the tower, oil is broken down into various petroleum products 5. Among other products, naphtha is used to produce diesel. Salah karena aphtha is an important resource used to produce petrochemical products. ... FT naphtha, compared to other naphthas, is an excellent olefin production ... the yield of premium diesel and gasoline fuels is to isomerize a portion of the naphtha ... 6. The lower the viscosity of the crude in a barrel of oil, the more of what can be produced from it? Gasoline karena 7. n the U.S., roughly what fraction of a barrel of crude oil is refined into gasoline? 50% On average, U.S. refineries produce, from a 42-gallon barrel of crude oil, about 19 to 20 gallons of motor gasoline, 11 to 12 gallons of distillate fuel, most of which is sold as diesel fuel, and 4 gallons of jet fuel 8. The cracking unit in a refinery will increase the production of diesel. Benar Cracking. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. Quiz 4 1. An oil distribution pipeline carries refined fuels The larger cross-country crude oil transmission pipelines or trunk lines bring crude oil from producing areas to refineries. ... The next group of liquid petroleum pipelines is one that carries refined petroleum products – gasoline, jet fuel, home heating oil and diesel fuel. 2. Where is oil in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve stored? 3. Compared to other hydrocarbons, the energy content of natural gas is low per unit Volume Natural gas is another form of hydrocarbon that is strongly related to oil. ... Due to its low energy content per unit volume, the use of natural gas was limited until ... to store the same mass of natural gas in comparison with liquefied natural gas. 4. Natural gas is transferred from transmission pipelines to distribution pipelines at the… Wellhead There are three major types of pipelines along the transportation route: the gathering system, the interstate pipeline system, and the distribution system. The gathering system consists of low pressure, small diameter pipelines that transport raw natural gas from the wellhead to the processing plant. Should natural gas from a particular well have high sulfur and carbon dioxide contents (sour gas), a specialized sour gas gathering pipe must be installed. Sour gas is corrosive, thus its transportation from the wellhead to the sweetening plant must be done carefully. Review the treatment and processing of natural gasThere are three major types of pipelines along the transportation route: the gathering system, the interstate pipeline system, and the distribution system. The gathering system consists of low pressure, small diameter pipelines that transport raw natural gas from the wellhead to the processing plant. Should natural gas from a particular well have high sulfur and carbon dioxide contents (sour gas), a specialized sour gas gathering pipe must be installed. Sour gas is corrosive, thus its transportation from the wellhead to the sweetening plant must be done carefully. Review the treatment and processing of natural gas. 5.
