HAN DAN Kekuasaan Negara

Hukum Administrasi Negara
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DROIT ADMINISTRATIF (PERANCIS)
VERWALTUNGSRECHT (JERMAN)
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (ANGLO SAXON)
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
(ROGER DOUGLAS)
• ADMINISTRATIEFRECHT
(BELANDA)
• BESTUURSRECHT
(C)BH_2007
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Teori Residu Van Vollenhoven
Hukum Administrasi Negara
(administratief recht)
Catur Praja
• Hukum Pemerintahan
(bestuursrecht)
• Hukum Peradilan
(justitierecht)
• Hukum Kepolisian
(politierecht)
• Hukum (acara)
perundang-undangan
(regelaarsrecht)
• At the end of the 19th century, The British
constitutional theorist A. V. Dicey argued
that there should be no separate system of
administrative law such as the droit
administratif which existed in France.
Negara Hukum
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Di zaman modern, konsep Negara Hukum di Eropah Kontinental
dikembangkan antara lain oleh Immanuel Kant, Paul Laband, Julius
Stahl, Fichte, dan lain-lain dengan menggunakan “rechtsstaat’.
Sedangkan dalam tradisi Anglo Amerika, konsep Negara hukum
dikembangkan atas kepeloporan A.V. Dicey dengan sebutan “The
Rule of Law”. *
Menurut Julius Stahl, konsep Negara Hukum yang disebutnya
dengan istilah ‘rechtsstaat’ itu mencakup empat elemen penting,
yaitu:
Pemerintahan berdasarkan undang-undang.
Pembagian kekuasaan.
Peradilan tata usaha Negara.
Perlindungan hak asasi manusia.
*Untuk diskusi yang mendalam mengenai konsep ‘rule of law’ ini dapat dibaca karya Franz
Neumann, The Rule of Law: Political Theory and the Legal System of Modern Society,
Leamington Spa and Heidelberg, 1986.
Sedangkan A.V. Dicey menguraikan
adanya tiga ciri penting dalam setiap
Negara Hukum yang disebutnya dengan
istilah “The Rule of Law”, yaitu:
– Supremacy of Law.
– Equality before the law (equality before the law or
the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law
of the land administered by the ordinary courts)
– Due Process of Law (the law of the constitution is
a consequence of the rights of individuals as defined
and enforced by the courts)
PLURALISME ISTILAH
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• HUKUM TATA USAHA
PEMERINTAHAN
KENEGARAAN
NEGARA
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HUKUM ADMINISTRASI
HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
HUKUM TATA PEMERINTAHAN
HUKUM KARYA TANTRA
(C)BH_2007
a matter of scientific study
Droit
Administratif
(P.M. Gaudement)
a body of specific legal provisions
organization of public administration
within the French legal system
(Hauriou: the regime administratif)
Mengapa Hukum Administrasi (Negara) ?
• Hukum Administrasi Negara adalah
Hukum mengenai Pemerintah dalam
kedudukan, tugas dan fungsinya sebagai
Administrator Negara
• Dalam arti sempit, HAN secara prinsip
hanya mengenai Administrasi (Negara)
saja
(dalam arti luas, HAN adalah Hukum mengenai
penyelenggaraan kebijakan Pemerintah dan Hukum
Publik)
Administrasi Negara
1. Sebagai Aparatur Negara, Pemerintah, atau
Institusi Politik (Kenegaraan)
Administrasi Negara mengandung pengertian ; suatu koordinasi
dan kerjasama dari pribadi/individu maupun kelompok dalam
suatu organisasi yang terkendali oleh tujuan yang ditetapkan
sebagai haluan negara.
Pemerintah
“pengurus harian” negara
Sebagai keseluruhan jabatan-jabatan dalam suatu negara yang
memiliki tugas politik negara serta pemerintahan
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Fungsi pokok pemerintahan modern
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Penegakan persatuan nasional dan teritorial
Pegembangan kebudayaan nasional
Pemerintahan
Administrasi negara
Tata niaga
2. Administrasi Negara sebagai fungsi
(kegiatan operasional Pemerintah)
Administrasi Negara merupakan bagian dari fungsi pokok
pemerintah dalam suatu negara modern, yang memiliki
tugas dan kegiatan melaksanakan, menyelenggarakan
kehendak serta keputusan dari Pemerintah.
Teknis penyelenggaraan Undang-Undang.
Administrasi Negara menyelenggarakan peraturan
perundang-undangan sesuai dengan peraturan
pelaksanaan yang telah ditetapkan.
3. Administrasi sebagai proses
tata kerja penyelenggaraan
(tata usaha)
– Birokrasi
– Sistem Informasi
– dll
• P.M. Gaudemet
–droit adminitratif is the law of
public administration
• E. C. S. Wade & A. W. Bradley
–Adm. law may be defined as the
law which determines the
organization, powers and duties
of administrative authorities
• ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IS THE LAW
RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION.
IT DETERMINES THE ORGANIZATION,
POWERS AND DUTIES OF
ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES. (IVOR
JENNINGS)
• ADMINISTRATIVE LAW INCLUDES THE
LAW THAT IS MADE BY AS WELL AS
THE LAW THAT CONTROLS THE
ADMINISTRATIVE AUHTORITIES OF A
GOVERNMENT (JAMES HART)
(C)BH_2007
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lanjutan
• In this respect droit administratif is the part
of internal public law concerning the
organisation of the administrative
authorities and the relations of public
administration with the citizens. (P. M.
GAUDEMET)
• administrative law may be defined as the
law relating to the public administration.
(BRIAN THOMPSON)
• bestuur sama dengan administratie berarti
organ atau fungsi penguasa di luar fungsi
pembentukan undang-undang dan
peradilan. (F. A. M. STROINK)
(C)BH_2007
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lanjutan
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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MAY BE
DEFINED AS ALL PROCESSES,
ORGANIZATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS
(THE LATER ACTING IN OFFICIAL
POSITIONS AND ROLES) ASSOCIATED
WITH CARRYING OUT RULES ADOPTED
OR ISSUED BY LEGISLATURES,
EXECUTIVES AND COURTS. (George J.
Gordon, Public Administration in America,
1982)
(C)BH_2007
1. In functional terms the process of
rule application, that is to say the
process through which general
social norms are converted into
specific decisions for individual
cases.
2. The structure of government whose
primarily function is to perform
function outlined (A)
(B. GUY
PETERS)
(C)BH_2007
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• ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION IS
THE FUNCTION OF ACTUALLY
ADMINISTERRING THE LAW
DECLARED BY THE
LEGISLATURE AND
INTERPRETED BY THE
JUDICIAL BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT. (A. F. WILLOUGHBY)
(C)BH_2007
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• RULE MAKING SHOULD BE
DEFINED AS “THE ISSUANCE OF
REGULATIONS OR THE MAKING
OF DETERMINATIONS WHICH ARE
ADDRESSED TO INDICATED BUT
UNNAMED AND UNSPECIFIED
PERSONS OR SITUATIONS” (PROF.
FUCHS)
(C)BH_2007
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lanjutan
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• WHAT DISTINGUISHES LEGISLATION FROM
ADJUDICATION IS THAT THE FORMER
AFFECTS THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS IN
THE ABSTRACT AND MUST BE APPLIED IN A
FURTHER PROCEEDING BEFORE THE
LEGAL POSITION OF ANY PARTICULAR
INDIVIDUAL WILL BE DEFINITELY TOUCHED
BY IT, WHILE ADJUDICATION OPERATES
CONCRETELY UPON INDIVIDUALS IN THEIR
INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY.
(JOHN DICKINSON)
(C)BH_2007
lanjutan
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• LEGISLATION IS THE PROCESS OF
FORMULATING A GENERAL RULE OF
CONDUCT WITHOUT REFERENCE TO
PARTICULAR CASES, AND USUALLY
OPERATING IN FUTURE.
• EXECUTION IS THE PROCESS OF
PERFORMING PARTICULAR ACTS, OF
ISSUING PARTICULAR ORDERS, OR (AS
USUALLY) OF MAKING DECISIONS
WHICH APPLY GENERAL RULES TO
PARTICULAR CASE. (W. FRIEDMANN)
(C)BH_2007
Organic structure
droit administratif
général
of public administration
The operation of public
administration
(actes administratifs)
Materi HAN
(P.M. Gaudement)
le droit des grands
services publics
(Contentieux administratif)
The study of the control
of the administrative
authorities by the
administrative courts
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(C)BH_2007
FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
1. CONTROL FUNCTION
2. COMMAND FUNCTION
3. FACILITATE GOOD ADMINISTRATIVE
PRACTICE
4. PROVIDE FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND
TRANSPARENCY. INCLUDING
PARTICIPATION BY INTERESTED
INDIVIDUALS AND PARTIES IN THE
PROCESS OF GOVERNMENT
5. PROVIDE A REMEDY FOR GRIEVANCE
OCCASIONED AT THE HANDS OF
PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
PETER LEYLAND & TERRY WOODS
©BH_2007
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