Studi kasus Muara Pantai Sendang Biru Kabupaten

BIDANG ILMU : REKAYASA
LAPORAN HASIL
PENELITIAN DISERTASI DOKTOR
TAHUN ANGGARAN 2010
Judul
Peneliti
: Model Penyebaran Sedimen di Muara Pantai
(Studi Kasus Muara Pantai Sendang Biru
Kabupaten Malang)
:::: USSY ANDAWAYANTI
Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan
Nasional sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Penugasan Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan
Penugasan Penelitian Disertasi Doktor Tahun Anggaran 2010
Nomor : 492/SP2H/PP/DP2M/VI/2010, tanggal 11 Juni 2010.
Universitas Brawijaya
Malang
2010
RINGKASAN
Daerah Pantai mempunyai arti penting sebagai tempat peralihan sarana
perhubungan laut berupa pelabuhan dan sarana dan prasaran di darat. Selain itu
banyak ativitas yang dilakukan di pantai baik di pesisir pantai maupun di sekitar
muara pantai seperti aktivitas pelayaran, wisata bahari, pelabuhan perikanan laut.
Semakin intensifnya kegiatan pemanfaatan wilayah pantai dan muara sungai dapat
menimbulkan pendangkalan akibat proses sedimentasi sehingga muara akan tertutup
sedimen yang dapat menghambat aliran sungai dan menaikkan muka air di hulu
muara sehingga dapat terjadi perubahan garis pantai. Sehubungan dengan keadaan
tersebut, maka diperlukan penelitian tentang bagaimanakah pola penyebaran
sedimen di muara sungai sehingga dapat ditentukan pengaruh sebaran sedimen
tersebut terhadap stabilitas garis pantai. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk mengetahui laju sedimentasi dan pola penyebaran sedimen di muara
sungai sehingga dapat memberikan masukan untuk menganalisis perubahan garis
pantai di daerah kajian.
Penelitian mengenai aliran dan fenomena transport di sekitar perairan estuari
dan pantai perlu dilakukan terutama pada muara melibatkan arus sungai dan pasang
surut. Oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran sedimen di muara
diperlukan suatu analisis mengenai transpor sedimen di sungai yang dipengaruhi oleh
arus di sungai dan transpor sedimen di pantai yang dipengaruhi oleh gelombang
,pasang surut air laut. Adapun Pemodelan teoritis pola penyebaran sedimen di muara
menggunakan bantuan program komputer. Perangkat lunak yang akan digunakan
dalam simulasi adalah Surface-Water Modeling System (SMS) dari Brigham Young
University.
Dari hasil analisis didapat laju sedimen yang terjadi di muara berasal dari
sedimen di sungai dan sedimen di pantai. Qsout= 66042,94 m3/th, Qnorth = 73790,85
m3 /th,Qsungai=15369,73 m3/th. Sedang hasil analisa angkutan sedimen maka besar
angkutan sedimen yang terjadi adalah sebesar 23117,64 m3/th ke arah sisi kiri garis
normal pantai. Pola penyebaran arahnya menuju ke arah utara dari mulut muara.
Sehingga pola pergerakan sedimen terbesar ke arah pantai yang berada di sebelah
utara mulut muara. Hal ini akan berpengaruh pada garis pantai yang berada di
sebelah utara mulut muara.
Kata kunci : muara, sedimen sungai, sedimen pantai, pola penyebaran sedimen
SUMMARY
The beach area has significance as a transitional form of port facilities and sea
transportation facilities and infrastructure on land. In addition, many ativitas conducted
in both the coastal beaches and estuaries around the coast such as shipping
activities, marine tourism, marine fishery harbor. The more intense utilization of
coastal and estuarine areas can lead to siltation due to sedimentation processes so
that the estuary would be closed sediment that can impede the flow of the river and
raise the water level upstream of the estuary so that it can happen shoreline change.
In connection with these circumstances, it is necessary to research on how patterns of
spread of sediment at the mouth of the river so as to determined the influence of the
sediment distribution on the stability of the coastline. Therefore, the aim of this study
was to determine the rate of sedimentation and sediment distribution patterns in the
estuary of the river so as to provide input to analyze changes in the shoreline area of
study.
Research on flow and transport phenomena in the vicinity of estuarine and
coastal waters need to be done especially in the estuary involving current and tidal
rivers. Therefore to know the distribution pattern of sediment in the estuary is required
an analysis of sediment transport in rivers that are influenced by currents in the river
and sediment transport on the coast which is influenced by waves, tides. The
theoretical modeling of the spread pattern of sediment in the estuary using a computer
program. The software will be used in the simulation is the Surface-Water Modeling
System(SMS) from Brigham Young University.
From the results obtained analyzing the rate of sediment that occur in the
estuary comes from sediment in the river and the sediment on the beach. Qsout =
66042.94 m3/year, Qnorth = 73790.85 m3/year, Qriver = 15369.73 m3/year. Being the
result of sediment transport analysis, the major sediment transport that occurred
amounted to 23117.64 m3/year toward the left side of the normal line of the beach.
The pattern of spread of direction toward the north from the mouth of the estuary. So
that the largest sediment movement patterns to the beach which is located on the
northern mouth of the estuary. This will affect the coastline in the north of the mouth of
the estuary.
Key words: estuary, river sediments, coastal sediments, sediment distribution
patterns
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