beberapa pertimbangan dalam manajemen keselamatan kapal

beberapa pertimbangan dalam
manajemen keselamatan kapal:
perspektif edukasi dan penelitian
Ketut Buda Artana, Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan ITS, Surabaya
Outline
Latar
Belakang
Safety
aspects
Safety
Chain
Peran
Edukasi
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Kajian
Pendahuluan
Regulasi
Mutakhir
Kesimpulan
Road Map
Latar Belakang
Shipping untuk indonesia adalah commercial lifeline
Ship safety melibatkan: ship itself, human lives, marine
environment, cargo, dll.
Safety culture bagi Indonesia adalah major task ahead
Ship safety operation akan menjadi luaran utama dari
safety culture, sehingga regulasi hanya akan menjadi tidak
lebih dari stimulan.
Without safety culture, the prospect of a global culture
of safe shipping is remote.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Jaminan Keselamatan operasi kapal adalah sebuah
keniscayaan
Road Map
Regulasi mutakhir
The International Safety Management Code (ISM Code)
Domestic port state control arrangements
The revision of the Convention on Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping (STCW95)
The International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions
The updating of several international conventions which aim
to protect the environment.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Industry codes of practice and guidelines
Road Map
5 aspek utama ship
safety di Indonesia
(ref: JSPS report in Marine Transportation Engineering)
Quality of ships,
Operational issues,
Port state control,
Crew training and competencies
Crew welfare
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
ship safety management in Indonesia must accommodate, at least, 5
primarily aspects to improve its ship safety level to some extent that
would promote safety operation of ship. Those aspects are ………
Road Map
Global Incident Trend
Human error
Human contributed
error
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Source: UK P&I
Road Map
Fakta Membuktikan…..
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2001
2002
Source: mahkamah pelayaran
2003
2004
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Jumlah ship incidents per 2001-2004
Road Map
Fakta Membuktikan…..
18.00%
16.00%
14.00%
12.00%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
Source: mahkamah pelayaran
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Jumlah ship incidents per 2001-2004
Road Map
Fakta Membuktikan…..
35
30
SUNK
COLLISION
GROUNDING
HULL DAMAGE
25
20
FIRE
ENGINE TROUBLE
DRIFTING
MISCELANIEUS
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
Source: mahkamah pelayaran
2003
2004
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Cause of ship incidents per 2001-2004
Road Map
Fakta Membuktikan…..
90
80
70
MOTOR V ESSEL
60
MOTOR SAILED V ESSEL
SAILING V ESSEL
50
BARGE
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
Source: mahkamah pelayaran
2003
2004
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Type of ship incidents per 2001-2004
Road Map
Fakta Membuktikan…..
40
35
30
25
20
15
HUMAN ERROR
FORCE MAJEURE
10
TECHNICAL
5
0
2001
2002
Source: mahkamah pelayaran
2003
2004
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Cause of ship incidents per 2001-2004
Road Map
Fakta Membuktikan…..
90
80
70
60
SHIPS < 35 GT
SHIPS 35 GT - 75 GT
50
SHIPS > 75 GT
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
Source: mahkamah pelayaran
2003
2004
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Size of ship incidents per 2001-2004
Road Map
Fakta Membuktikan…..
90
80
70
60
INDONESIAN FLAG
50
FOREIGN FLAG
40
30
20
10
0
2001
2002
Source: mahkamah pelayaran
2003
2004
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Flag of ship incidents per 2001-2004
Road Map
Beberapa kondisi pemicu
Responsibly operated ships continue to be required to compete with substandard
ships.
Classifications societies, insurers and flag states also continue to be subject to
market forces, raising the danger of standards being compromised in the pursuit
of market position.
The increasing globalization of the shipping industry and the scattering of
responsibility centres continue to make it difficult to supervise and enforce
uniform practices and standards in such areas as shipbuilding and ship operations.
Inadequate accountability mechanisms mean that the beneficial owner of the ship
is not always required to face the consequences of breaches of ship safety. It
means that It is becoming increasingly difficult to track through the paper trail to
get to the owner to identify who is ultimately responsible for whatever damage
may have been caused to Indonesia or to the crew on board the vessel.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Owners, operators and charterers that faced commercial pressures due to low
freight rates and the strong supply of shipping relative to demand.
Road Map
Quality of ships
Sub
Sub
standard
standard
ship
ship
TheFlag
Flag
The
State
State
PortState
State
Port
Control
Control
Classification
Classification
Society
Society
Insurance
Insurance
Company
Company
Maintenance
Maintenance
policy
policy
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
The group notes the significant increase in the use of second hand vessel
in Indonesia for all types especially ships used to transport passengers
inter-islands in Indonesia and majority of those ships are still failing to
undertake their obligations, especially on the compliance to regulation
that aimed to keep safe ship operation.
Road Map
Operational issues
Efforts must also be accelerated to enhance the crew training system
as well as its qualifications toward the improvement of crew
responsibilities, and enhancement in maintenance of safety
equipment of the ship.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
The group notes that there have been some important developments
in relation to the safe operation of ships in Indonesia, though this
performed mainly as a formal compliance to the current regulations.
Despite that fact, extra acceleration efforts must be promoted in
enhancing compliance to the regulation (ISM Code), structural
maintenance and failures in ships repair to ensure safety operation of
ships.
Road Map
Port State Control
In view of the substantial commercial benefit to be gained by some
from operating substandard ships, the group recommends that there
must be a specific investigation, if appropriate, implementation of a
strategy to offset this benefit.
A program to continuously enhance the Indonesian port state control
personnel’s capability in inspecting ships is strongly recommended.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Difficulties in maximizing flag state compliance mean that port state
control is a crucial line of defenses against substandard shipping.
International maritime safety and pollution prevention conventions
permit a state to inspect a foreign ship in one of its ports to ensure
that it substantially complies with the standards for the international
certificates it is required to carry.
Road Map
Port State Control
It is also recommended to port state control of Indonesia to conduct
an internal review of its inspection program in order to determine the
level of uniformity and standard of inspections, its training program to
facilitate uniformity, and it is recommended to start developing an
auditing program.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Port state of control of Indonesia is also recommended to sustainably
improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its port state control
activities through the sharing of information on ship inspections and
cooperating in action taken against ships found to be in an unsafe
condition or which posed a threat of pollution.
Road Map
Crew Training & Competency
The group is particularly concerned at the impact of fatigue and
recommends that this issue be monitored and addressed by all
regulating bodies in Indonesia.
This impact of fatigue cased by long working hours, working in
substandard conditions with very short turnaround times, having no
recreation, not being able to contact his family on a routine basis, or
even not having been paid.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
The major development in the area of crew training and competency
has been the revision of the International Convention on Standards for
Training, Certification and Watchkeeping.
Road Map
Crew Training & Competency
the
group
Enhancing the training program as to comply with recent international
requirements.
Regularly and continuously provide training and certificate
examination program to Indonesian crews or company where the
crew works for.
Providing training center with up to date/recent equipment to ensure
training program provides trainee with latest technology in ship
operation system.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
In regards to the crew certification procedures,
recommends the Indonesian regulating body to:
Road Map
Crew Welfare
To reduce risk of ship operation due to human error in operating the
ship, then several issues must be considered. Those issues are abuse,
living conditions, financial exploitation, freedom of association,
access to medical care, access to other services, funding of seafarers'
advocates.
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Attention to the human factor is crucial if shipping is to be made safer,
as ship is not just a means of transport and a workplace, but also a
social system. The abuse and neglect of crew members is of concern
for violation of human rights, as well as constitutes a significant risk
factor for ship safety.
Road Map
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Peran Riil Edukasi dan Research?
Road Map
Safety chain
Shipyards
Shipyards
charterers
charterers
Financial
Financial
Institutions
Institutions
Ports
Ports
Insurers
Insurers
Education
Education
Institutions
Institutions
Classification
Classification
society
society
Administration
Administration
flag
flag
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
shipowners
shipowners
Road Map
Ship Safety & Quality
Its all about…….
Organization
asi an
k
u
Ed eliti
n
Pe
Operation
People
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Technology
Road Map
Value-Chain
Transportasi Laut
Pre-contract
Construction
Operation
research
Concept
design
shipbuilding
Inland
Navigation
Repair and
Maintenance
Recycling
training
engineering
equipment
Merchant
Shipping
Ports
Life Cycle
Management
education
Codes +
standard
Offshore
structures
Ferry
Operation
Waterways
Scrapping
Floating
Structures
Supply +
Services
Navigation
aids
Integration
Infrastruct.
Offshore
Operation
Surveillance
Systems
Fishing
Dredging
Security ops
Surveillance
Traffic
management
Rescue ops +
Anti-Pollution
Support
Life Cycle
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Front end
Value-Chain
Transportasi Laut
Proses pembelajaran safety culture
Contribution
To
Consensus
Continuous
Dialogue
Mobilisation of
Resources
Private and public
funding
Finance
Patents, IPRs
Norms/regulations
Administrative rules
Support
education
And traning
Health & safety
Information +
dialogue
Strategic research
agenda
Safety
Security
Environmental Issues
Industry Competitiveness
Short sea shipping
Offshore technologies
Policy research
New R&D
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Industries
Association
Classification
Maritime
Infrastructure
Education
Research
Organisation
Research Agenda
Ship
environmental
Management
Plan
Waste
Recycling
Policy
Ballast Water
Management
Plan
Sox
Procedures
Waste
Management
TBT Free
Antifouling
Certified NOx
Engine
Enhanced
Bilge Water
System
Double Hull
protecting
fuel and lube
Oil Tanks
Holding Tanks
for Gray
Water
Sewage
Treatment
plant
Holding Tanks
for treated
Sewage
Life Cycle
Management
Traffic
management
Surveillance
Systems
Dll….
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
No ozone
depleting
substance
Working group concept
Safety
Security
Environmental Issues
Industry Competitiveness
Short sea shipping
Offshore technologies
Policy research
New R&D
Dll.
Plenary
Thematic
Working group
Maritime
industry
forum
All
stakeholders
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Steering
committee
Working group objectives
Contribute the widest possible regarding R&D and focusing
of effort and resources
Contribute to a common medium and long term vision and
strategic research agenda
Stimulate education and training to maintain high skilled
workforce
Contribute to social expectation on clean and safe maritime
transportation
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Establish continuous dialogue between all stakeholders in
maritime transport
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Bagaimana Kesiapan PT?
Road Map
Penelitian
Roadmap penelitian yang jelas mendukung ship safety operation
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Source: penelitian Unggulan ITS
Penelitian
Bid. Struktur dan Konstruksi
Bid. Hidrodinamika kapal
Bid. Produksi Kapal
Bid. Transportasi Laut
T. Perkapalan
Bid. Komputasi
T. Sipil
Pusat Studi Disain dan Rekayasa kapal Nasional
Lab. Getaran dan Kebisingan
Perhubungan dan Konstruksi Jalan
Teknik pantai dan kelautan
Bid. Transportasi Laut
Lab. Komputasi dan Pemodelan
Lab. keandalan dan Keselamatan
Lab. Listrik kapal dan otomasi
Disain dan Struktur
T. Perkapalan
T. Sistem Perkapalan
Hidrodinamika
Pusat Studi Industri Pendukung Kapal
Pusat Studi Rekayasa dan Disain Kapal Nasional
Pusat Studi Kapal Kecil
Lab. Keandalan dan keselamatan
Bid. Struktur Bangunan Lepas Pantai
Kelautan
Bidang Hidrodinamika Bangunan Lepas Pantai
Bid. Rancangan dan Produksi Bangunal Lepas Pantai
T. Kelautan
Bid. Lingkungan dan Energi laut
Bid. Rekayasa Pantai
ITS reserach cluster (1)
transportasi
T. Sistem Perkapalan
Bid. Marine Machinery and System
T. Kelautan
Pusat Studi Pulau-pulau Kecil
Bid. Manajemen Air bersih
T. Lingkungan
Bid. Manajemen Lingkungan
T. Sipil
Biologi
Bid. kelautan
T. Geomatika
Geofisika
Fisika
Lab. keairan dan teknik Pantai
Source: penelitian Unggulan ITS
Bid. Marine Power Plant
Arsitektur
Pusat Studi LNG
Bid. Manajemen air limbah
Konstruksi Kapal
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Roadmap penelitian DAN pelatihan yang jelas mendukung ship
safety operation
Statistika
T. Industri
Statistika
Matematika
Hidrodinamika Bangunan lepas pantai
Pusat Studi LNG
Penelitian
Hibah penelitian aplikatif Instansi terkait kepada Research centre
Research
centre
shipyard
Research
Grant
Port
Authority
Shipping
company
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Dephub
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Dimulai dari mana?
Road Map
Reliability Database
SHIPPING FIRM ex:
ASDP OR PERTAMINA
Indonesian
Classification
Bureau
(B K I)
Flow of Failure data
Safety and
Reliability
Lab.
ITS
CPU
Of
ITS
Database
Flow of Maintenance data
Flow of Analysis Result
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
SHIPS
Road Map
Reliability Database
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Road Map
Reliability Database
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Road Map
Development of a Computer Program for
Marine Machinery Selection Using Multiple
Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Method
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Development of a Computer Program for
Marine Machinery Selection Using Multiple
Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Method
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Developing Management Information
System for Indonesian Shipyard
Module Answer of Request (Response of Request)
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Module Order Form
Developing Management Information
System for Indonesian Shipyard
Module Find Ordered Ship
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Module Sales
Developing Management Information
System for Indonesian Shipyard
Module Enter Detail Component
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Module Enter Order Ship Main Data
Developing Management Information
System for Indonesian Shipyard
low resources
flexible
low risk
Expensive
low participation
huge resources
high risk
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Cheap
Developing Marine Hazard Simulation
Radio
operator
Chief
Engineer
Qurter
Master
Using PHP programming, and
Macromedia Dreamweaver
Macromedia Firework for Web
Design Program.
Other ships
Coast is composed using
Database
Guard
MySQL
SAR
Port
Control
Officer
Salvage
Company
Ship
Owner
Volunteer
Local
Government
‘Green Peace’
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
Master of
ship
Developing Marine Hazard Simulation
2
3
4
5
6
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
1
Human/Institution Network
※ Update information from industry to
University/research centre
※ Involving industry in marine sector to enhance the
university curriculum
※ dll
Probabilistic and Optimation Method
※ Technical assistance Program for university/research
centre staff