PLACES AND TOOLS IN PHYSIOTHERAPY 1. SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY (SWD) Definition of SWD Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is a therapeutic tool that uses heating to the tissue by converting electromagnetic energy into heat energy. Short Wave Diathermy is commonly known as short wave Diathermy. Serves to heat tissues and blood vessels with short waves, so that blood circulation becomes smooth. Purpose of Granting SWD Improve blood circulation, reduce pain, reduce muscle spasm, help improve soft tissue flexibility, accelerate inflammation healing. Electrode placement / arrangement • Kontraplanar; at best, the heat concentrations to the tissue are deeper, on the surface opposite the therapeutic portion. • Koplanar: side by side electrodes equal to adequate electrode distance, superficial heating, distance between the 2 electrodes >> width of electrode • Cross fire treatment; ½ therapy is given with 1 position electrodes, ½ therapy is given another electrode position, deep tissue heating such as for pelvic organs • Monoplanar: active electrodes over one lesion, if targeted local & superficial 2. MICROWAVE DIATHERMY (MWD) Understanding MWD A therapeutic application using microwaves in the form of electromagnetic radiation which will be converted in the form with a frequency of 2456 MHz and 915 MHz with a wavelength of 12.25 the current used is a house current of 50 HZ, a concentration of only 3 cm, a physiotherapy modality that is useful for reducing pain, MWD is suitable for superfical tissue and articular structures close to the skin surface. One of the main goals of MWD therapy is to heat muscle tissue so that it will have a relaxing effect on the muscles and increase intramuscular blood flow. Purpose of Granting MWD 1. Helps improve lymphatic circulation and local blood circulation. 2. Helps relax muscles and increase the elasticity of connective tissue, which lies approximately 3 cm deep. 3. Helps improve the physiological tissue repair process. 4. Helps reduce pain in muscles and joints. 3. ULTRASOUND (US) Definition The ultrasound machine is a physiotherapy modality which utilizes high or low frequency sound waves. These sound waves are transmitted around the tissues and blood vessels, they penetrate into the muscles so that the muscles warm up and the muscles relax, therefore these ultrasound waves are used for the treatment of muscles experiencing tension and stiffness. Purpose of US The effect of this heating affects the dilation of blood vessels and improves blood circulation thereby helping the healing process. Physiotherapists can also adjust the frequency of the ultrasound waves so they can be used to reduce inflammation. 4. Transcutaneus Electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) Definition of TENS > Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a method of using electrical energy to stimulate the nervous system through the skin surface and has been shown to be effective in stimulating various types of pain. > In TENS, it has a pulse form: Monophasic has rectangular, triangular and half-sine waveforms; biphasic symmetrical biphasic rectangular pulses and symmetrical biphasic sinusoidal; polyphasic patterns there are sine wave circuits and interference or mixed forms. > Monophasic pulses always result in the accumulation of the electrical charge of pulses in the network so that an electrochemical reaction will occur in the network which is characterized by a feeling of heat and pain when the intensity and duration are too high. The purpose of giving TENS Muscle physiological monitoring and preventing muscle atrophy, re-education of muscle function, modulation of sensory, spinal and supraspinal levels of pain, increasing range of motion (ROM) / stretching tendons, improving blood circulation and accelerating edema resorption 5. Cervical and lumbar traction, The function of this tool is to stretch the space between the vertebrae, which aims to release the nerve clamp. Done for therapy with complaints: 1. CERVICAL VERTEBRA DISEASE; hernia disease, deformity cercival vertebrae, secendary scalenus syndrome, fracture of the spinal cord bone, shoulder and arm symptoms, whiplash injury. 2. LUMBOSACRAL VERTEBRA DISEASE; hernia nucleus pulposus (HNP), cartilage disease, Low back pain, sciatica (ischialgia), fracture in bone, distraction of lumbar vertebra CERVICAL TRACTION (NECK TRACTION) A therapeutic technique using a mechanical machine in the form of a pull / stretch in the cervical area (neck). PURPOSE: 1. Helps relax the muscles in the neck and shoulder area (cervical) 2. Helps reduce pressure / compression / irritation of nerve roots. 3. Helps stretch / stretch the cervical vertebrae muscles. LUMBAL TRACTION (WAIST TRACTION) A therapeutic technique using a mechanical machine in the form of pulling / stretching the waist and pelvis. PURPOSE: 1. Helps relax the muscles of the waist area (lumbar). 2. Helps reduce compression / compression / irritation of nerve roots. 3. Helps stretch / stretch the vertebrae muscles of the lumbar region. 6. PARAFIN BATH Definition Superficial heat treatment with paraffin warm bath modality. PURPOSE : Preliminary to other intervention methods (joint mobilization, massage), improve blood circulation, reduce pain, increase flexibility of peripheral tissues, range of motion of joints, are chosen for hands and feet.
