GENDER AND DISADVANTAGE Nabilah Septania Syifa Uniswa M. Rizky Fadilah Pittauli Margarince GROUP 7 20178100034 2017xxxxxxxx 2017xxxxxxxx 2017xxxxxxxx 2017xxxxxxxx DIFFERENCES 1. Differences in Choosing Topics Men : politics, economy, stocks, sports, current news Women : talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, fashion, etc. 2. Differences in Intonation Men : men like to use falling intonation to show that they are quite sure of what they are saying. Women : women usually answer a question with rising intonation pattern. sometimes this intonation shows a lack of confidence. 3. Differences in Vocabulary any some words that woman usually use it but the man seldom to use it. a.Color words : mauve,burgundy,lavender,aquamarine,magenta. b. Adjectives : adorable,charming,lovely,heavenly,gorgeous c. Adverbs: awfully,pretty,terribly,vastly,so d. Swear words and expletives woman : “oh dear, my god” man : “damn, fuck you hell” 4. Different in syntax a) Modulation Women tend to be more polite, and men tend to ask something directly example : - women : “I was wondering if you can help me” - men : “please give me a hand” b) Interrogative sentences Lakoff (1975) pointed out that compared with men, women are more likely to use an interrogative sentence to express their idea, and they like to use tag questions. c) Imperrative sentences women seldom use imperative sentences to give orders. example : -women : “would you give me an apple?” - men : “Give me an apple!” POSSIBLE EXPLANATION • • • • One analysis of how women are presented in a set of cartoons produced some interesting findings (Kramer, 1974) the claim that men are much more likely than women ‘to use inter-ruption as a means of dominating and controlling interactions’ (p. 268) three other claims are of interest. The first claim is that men and women are biologically different and that this difference has serious consequences for gender. The second claim is that social organization is best perceived as some kind of hierarchical set of power relationships • The third claim, which does not actually deny the second claim, is that men and women are social beings who have learned to act in certain ways. Language behavior is largely learned behavior. • Man and woman use language to achieve certain goals, and during gender differences equated with differences in access to power and influence in society, we can • how gender speech reflects their relationship within total society. CODES AGAIN Codes again according to Barnstein The use of a number of climax that has a reciprocal relationship between certain types in the formation and maintenance of language and how to use it. Types of code again according to Barnstein Code described using accurate grammar and syntax – in the standard sense – to regulate what is said. Limited codes employ short , grammatically simple, and often unfinished. AAVE AFRICAN AMERICAN VERNACULAR ENGLISH misunderstanding in the United States of AAVE, Great solidarity Bereiter and Engelman n Labov and others AFRICAN AMERICAN VERNACULAR ENGLISH Linguists have referred to this variation of speech as Black English. Because it illustrates the characteristics of many black in the Northern United States. Vernacular Black English is a form of language used in everyday life by a group or peoploe in society. At present, the most widely used tern is African American Vernacular English (AAVE). AAVE HAS CHARACTERISTICS • Phonological this characteristics explains the pronunciation of English Language AAVE with pronunciation in general Example: thing and this:ting dis, bath:baff, brother:bruvver, nothing:nuffin • Morphological in this characteristic the last t and d letters are often not pronounced Example: I walked:I walk, • Syntactic AAVE has special uses to be or to be less Example: He nice (he is nice right now):he be nice (he is nice something)
