Bioma Disampaikan oleh Rita Diana review • Individu (mahkluk tunggal) • Populasi (kumpulan individu sejenis) • Komunitas (kumpulan berbagai populasi) • Ekosistem (komunitas dengan lingkungannya). • Bioma (ekosistem dalam skala luas dan ditentukan oleh garis lintang dan bujur) • Biosfer (atmosfer dimana ada kehidupan). 2 Tingkatan Ekologis • • • • • • • • • • Alam semesta Biosfer Bioma Ekosistem Komunitas Populasi Individu Organ Sel Molekul 3 Biosphere http://www.nineplanets.org/comets.html Major Terrestrial Biomes • Geographic distribution of biomes are dependent on temperature, precipitation, altitude and latitude • Weather patterns dictate the type of plants that will dominate an ecosystem faculty.southwest.tn.edu/. ../ES%20%20we16.jpg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6X9fTPSbQ0U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqxNQpajdpQ 4 Terrestrial Biomes: 5 Present Day Biomes tundra taiga taiga desert temp. decd. forest desert grassland trop. rain forest scrub forest desert temp rain forest 6 Bioma Tundra Vegetasi berupa perdu-perdu kerdil, rumputrumput dan lumut. Komunitas pada kutub utara, Amerika utara dan Asia 7 Bioma Padang Rumput Vegetasi rumput dg keragaman tinggi. Padang rumput iklim sedang, padang rumput gurun. Padang rumput tropis, misalnya kebakaran berulang: alang-alang 8 BIOMA SAVANA Padang rumput tropis, ditumbuhi pohonpohon yang tersebar. Australia, Amerika, Asia selatan. Indonesia: NTT dan Papua bagian tenggara 9 Bioma Hutan Terdiri dari : 1. hutan tropis, 2. hutan iklim sedang dan 3. hutan boreal (taiga) 10 Tropical Rain Forest Amazon river basin India S.E. Asia New Guinea Zaire Madagascar Queensland 3 major geographical areas: 1. America: Amazon river basin 2. Africa: Zaire basin, small area of W. Africa, Eastern portion of Madagascar 3. Asia: West coast of India, Assam, S.E. Asia, New Guinea and Queensland, Australia "Rainforests", http://passporttoknowledge.com/rainforest/GEOsystem/Maps/se_asia.html, (3/18/02) 11 12 Bioma Hutan Hutan iklim sedang 13 Bioma Hutan Hutan boreal (taiga) : veg.daun jarum pada daerah hutan terdingin 14 Bioma Padang Pasir Terdiri dari : 1. Hot and Dry 2. Semiarid 3. Coastal 15 From left: Baja, Mexico desert; desert in Uluru National Park, Australia; desert near the Kofa Mountains, Arizona. Bioma Padang Pasir 2. Semiarid desert 16 Semiarid desert: From left: Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, southern Nevada; sagebrush near Bridger, Montana Castle Valley, Utah, east of Arches National Park. Bioma Padang Pasir 3. Coastal desert 17 Costal desert: Lichen growing on Torgerson Island, Antarctica; kangaroo rat. Bioma Laut (Marine biome) * Oceans * Coral reefs * Estuaries 18 Bioma Laut Ocean From left: mussels, worms, and a spider crab in the Gulf of Mexico; a sea fan and brain coral in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 19 Bioma Laut Coral reef Coral reef: From left: reef life in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea; a reef at Fanning Island atoll in the central Pacific; a reef in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 20 Bioma Laut Estuaria Estuaria: From left: Mangrove roots, south Florida; wetlands and tidal streams in the Ashe Island area, South Carolina; a salt marsh in Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, South Carolina. 21 Bioma Air tawar (freshwater biome) • • • * Ponds and lakes * Streams and rivers * Wetlands 22 Bioma Air tawar Ponds and lakes 23 Bioma Air tawar Streams and rivers 24 Bioma Air tawar Wetlands 25 Hutan Rawa 26 Riparian 27 28
