KAJIAN EFEKTIVITAS WHATSAPP SEBAGAI INSTANT MESSAGING TERINTEGRASI METODE GROUP INVESTIGATION DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMA (Studi Kasus : SMAN 1 Cisarua) TESIS Disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Komputer dari Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer LIKMI Oleh : ANGGIA RAHAYU BIHARJA NPM : 2017210100 PROGRAM STUDI PASCASARJANA MAGISTER SISTEM INFORMASI SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN INFORMATIKA DAN KOMPUTER LIKMI BANDUNG 2018 KAJIAN EFEKTIVITAS WHATSAPP SEBAGAI INSTANT MESSAGING TERINTEGRASI METODE GROUP INVESTIGATION DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMA Oleh : ANGGIA RAHAYU BIHARJA NPM : 2017210100 Bandung, ...... 2018 Menyetujui, Dr. H. Budi Permana, S.E.Ak., M.Sc Pembimbing PROGRAM STUDI PASCASARJANA MAGISTER SISTEM INFORMASI SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN INFORMATIKA DAN KOMPUTER LIKMI BANDUNG 2018 i KATA PENGANTAR Dengan memanjatkan Puji dan Syukur Kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala Rahmat dan Karunianya pada penulis, akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan tesis yang berjudul: KAJIAN EFEKTIVITAS WHATSAPP SEBAGAI INSTANT MESSAGING TERINTEGRASI METODE GROUP INVESTIGATION DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMA. Tesis ditulis dalam rangka memenuhi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Komputer dari Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer LIKMI. Penulis menyadari bahwa tesis dapat diselesaikan berkat dukungan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak, oleh karena itu penulis berterima kasih kepada semua pihak yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung memberikan kontribusi dalam menyelesaikan Tesis ini. Selanjutnya ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada: 1. Dr. H. Budi Permana, S.E.Ak., M.Sc selaku pembimbing yang telah mengarahkan dan membimbing penulis selama penyusunan tesis ini. 2. Nur Iman, S.Pd selaku guru matematika di SMAN 1 Cisarua yang telah memberi kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan penelitian terkait topik tesis. 3. Seluruh dosen dan staf administrasi serta petugas perpustakaan pada program Pascasarjana Magister Sistem Informasi Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer LIKMI, yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung telah memberi bantuan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan penulisan tesis. 4. Teristimewa untuk Alm. Merawati S.Pd yaitu ibunda tercinta yang telah memberikan doa, motivasi. Selama hidupnya Jasa beliau tak akan hilang sampai akhir hayat. 5. Usep Supriatna, S.ST yaitu suami tercinta dan anak-anak Radithya Nugraha Al Ghifari serta Tsaqib Admiral Al Farizy tersayang yang telah memberikan dorongan setulus hati dalam menyelesaikan studi program Pascasarjana, semoga ilmu yang penulis dapatkan bermanfaat bagi keluarga, dan ii 6. Seluruh rekan-rekan Magister Komputer dari Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer LIKMI yang telah saling mendukung untuk melalui perjuangan bersama-sama, dan telah memberikan sumbangan pemikiran dan motivasi sehingga penulisan tesis dapat diselesaikan. Semoga tesis ini dapat bermanfaat untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya bidang Sistem Informasi di sekolah maupun di Perguruan Tinggi serta bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Amin yaa rabbal alamin. Bandung, November 2018 Penulis iii ABSTRAK KAJIAN EFEKTIVITAS WHATSAPP SEBAGAI INSTANT MESSAGING TERINTEGRASI METODE GROUP INVESTIGATION DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMA (Studi Kasus : SMAN 1 Cisarua) Pembelajaran menggunakan media sosial maupun mobile instant messaging dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran sudah mulai dibiasakan disekolah-sekolah. Mobile instant messaging yang dipakai adalah WhatsApp, dengan fitur grup yang dintegrasikan dengan model pembelajaran group investigation, siswa/siswi dapat berkomunikasi dalam semua mata pelajaran salah satunya yaitu matematika. SMAN 1 Cisarua merupakan sekolah yang berstandar internasional, sehingga penggunaan teknologi dalam lingkungan sekolah untuk pembelajaran sudah mulai dibiasakan. Untuk mengukur efektifitas WhatsApp digunakan model penelitian ETUM yang terdiri dari 6 konstruk/variabel yaitu Compatibility with Workplace Values (CWV), Climate for Implementation (CI), Compatibility with Work Processes (CWP), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), dan Effective Technology Use (ETU) yang menghasilkan 8 hipostesis. Enam variabel tersebut menjadi landasan dalam penyusunan kuisioner yang dibagikan kepada 308 siswa/siswi SMAN 1 Cisarua. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan model penelitian ETUM dan software AMOS terdapat 3 hipostesis yang diterima yaitu semakin tingginya suasana implementasi (CI) akan memberikan dampak atau kontribusi yang nyata terhadap persepsi kegunaan yang dirasakan (PU), dan semakin tingginya persepsi kegunaan (PU) yang dirasakan akan memberikan dampak atau kontribusi yang nyata terhadap efektifitas penggunaan teknologi (ETU) serta semakin tingginya kesesuaian work processes (CWP) memberikan dampak atau kontribusi yang nyata terhadap efektifitas penggunaan teknologi (ETU). iv ABSTRACT STUDY OF WHATSAPP EFFECTIVENESS AS AN INSTANT MESSAGING OF INTEGRATED METHODS INVESTIGATION GROUP IN MATHEMATICAL LEARNING (Case Study: SMAN 1 Cisarua) Learning to use social media and mobile instant messaging in conducting the learning process has begun to get used to in schools. Mobile instant messaging that is used is WhatsApp, with group features integrated with the investigation group learning model, students can communicate in all subjects, one of which is mathematics. Cisarua Senior High School 1 is an international standard school, so the use of technology in the school environment for learning has begun to be accustomed. To measure the effectiveness of WhatsApp, the ETUM research model is used which consists of 6 constructs, namely Compatibility with Workplace Value (CWV), Climate for Implementation (CI), Compatibility with Work Processes (CWP), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use ( PEU), and Effective Technology Use (ETU) which produces 8 hypostesis. These six variables form the basis for the preparation of questionnaires distributed to 308 students of SMAN 1 Cisarua. Based on the results of the study using the ETUM research model and AMOS software there are 3 accepted hypostesis, namely the higher climate for implementation (CI) will have a significant impact or contribution to perceived usefulness (PU), and the higher perceived usefulness (PU) will have a significant impact or contribution to the effectiveness of the use of technology (ETU) as well as the increasing compatibility with work processes (CWP) will have a significant impact or contribution to the effectiveness of using technology (ETU). v DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................... ii ABSTRAK.................................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................. vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ xi DAFTAR RUMUS ........................................................................................................ xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................. xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1 1.1. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................................. 4 1.4. Pembatasan masalah ........................................................................................... 5 1.5. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................................. 5 1.6. Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................................... 6 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 8 2.1. WhatsApp sebagai Instant Messaging ................................................................. 8 2.2. Kajian Penggunaan WhatsApp dalam Pembelajaran Matematika ....................... 10 2.3. Metode Group Investigation SMA......................................................................... 12 2.4. Effective Technology Use Model (ETUM) ............................................................ 14 2.4.1. Compatibility with Workplace Values ...................................................... 16 2.4.2. Climate for Implementation ..................................................................... 17 2.4.3. Compatibility with Work Processes ........................................................ 19 2.4.4. Perceived Usefulness ............................................................................. 20 2.4.5. Perceived Ease of Use ........................................................................... 21 2.4.6. Effective Technology Use ....................................................................... 22 2.5. Teori Dasar Penelitian .......................................................................................... 25 vi 2.5.1. Teori Sampling......................................................................................... 25 2.5.2. Teori Uji Validitas ..................................................................................... 26 2.5.3. Teori Uji Realibilitas ................................................................................. 27 2.5.4. Teori Uji Model Penelitian ........................................................................ 27 2.6. SPSS dan AMOS.................................................................................................. 29 2.6.1 SPSS ....................................................................................................... 29 2.6.2 AMOS ...................................................................................................... 30 2.7. Penelitian Sebelumnya ......................................................................................... 31 BAB III OBJEK DAN METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .................................................. 35 3.1. Profil SMAN 1 Cisarua ......................................................................................... 35 3.2. Fitur WhatsApp .................................................................................................... 35 3.3. Pengembangan Model Penelitian ........................................................................ 37 3.3.1. Identifikasi Variabel ................................................................................ 37 3.3.2. Pembentukan Model Penelitian .............................................................. 38 3.2.3. Penyusunan Hipotesis ............................................................................ 38 3.4. Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................................... 39 3.5. Pengumpulan Data Pendahuluan ........................................................................ 42 3.5.1 Identifikasi Sampel Penelitian.................................................................. 42 3.5.2 Penyusunan Kuisioner ............................................................................. 42 3.5.3 Pengujian Kuisioner Pendahuluan .......................................................... 44 3.5.3.1 Pengujian Realibilitas .................................................................. 45 3.5.3.2 Pengujian Validitas ...................................................................... 45 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................... 49 4.1. Deskripsi Hasil Objek Penelitian .......................................................................... 49 4.1.1 Responden Berdasarkan Usia................................................................. 49 4.1.2 Responden Berdasarkan Jenis kelamin .................................................. 50 4.1.3 Responden Berdasarkan Pemilihan IM ................................................... 51 4.1.4 Responden Berdasarkan Alasan Memilih IM .......................................... 52 4.2 Pengolahan Data .................................................................................................. 53 vii 4.2.1 Pengujian Ulang Realibilitas .................................................................... 53 4.2.2 Pengujian Ulang Validitas ........................................................................ 53 4.2.3 Pengujian Normalitas Data Kuisioner ...................................................... 56 4.3 Validitas Setiap Konstruk-Konstruk Penelitian ..................................................... 58 4.3.1 Validasi Konstruk Compatibility with Workplace Values ......................... 58 4.3.2 Validasi Konstruk Climate for Implementation ......................................... 60 4.3.3 Validasi Konstruk Compatibility with Work Processes ............................ 62 4.3.4 Validasi Konstruk Perceived Usefulness ................................................. 64 4.3.5 Validasi Konstruk Perceived Ease of Use ............................................... 67 4.3.6 Validasi Konstruk Effective Technology Use ........................................... 69 4.4 Analisis Kesesuaian Konstruk-Konstruk dalam Model Pengujian ........................ 70 4.4.1 Analisis Chi Square ................................................................................. 70 4.4.2 Analisis GFI (Goodness of Fit) dan AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit) .... 71 4.4.3 Analisis RSMEA ...................................................................................... 72 4.4.4 Analisis Hoelter ........................................................................................ 73 4.5 Pengujian Keseluruhan Model Penelitian ............................................................. 73 4.5.1 Hubungan Konstruk Compatibility with Workplace Values (CWV) dan Perceived Usefulness (PU) ..................................................................... 4.5.2 Hubungan Konstruk Climate for Implementation (CI) dan Perceived Usefulness (PU) ..................................................................... 4.5.3 77 Hubungan Konstruk Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) dan Effective Technology Use (ETU) ............................................................. 4.5.7 77 Hubungan Konstruk Climate for Implementation (CI) dan Effective Technology Use (ETU) ............................................................. 4.5.6 76 Hubungan Konstruk Compatibility with Work Processes (CWP) dan Effective Technology Use (ETU) ............................................................. 4.5.5 76 Hubungan Konstruk Perceived Usefulness (PU) dan Effective Technology Use (ETU) ............................................................. 4.5.4 76 Hubungan Konstruk Compatibility with Work Processes (CWP) dan viii 78 Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) ................................................................. 4.5.8 78 Hubungan Konstruk Climate for Implementation (CI) dan Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) ................................................................. 79 4.6 Modifikasi Model Penelitian .................................................................................. 79 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................... 84 5.1 Kesimpulan .......................................................................................................... 84 5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................. 85 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................... 87 ix DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1. Model ETUM (Holahan PJ, et al 2015) ............................................. 15 Gambar 3.1. Fitur WhatsApp ................................................................................. 36 Gambar 3.2. Model Penelitian................................................................................ 38 Gambar 3.3 Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................ 41 Gambar 4.1 Responden Berdasarkan Usia .......................................................... 49 Gambar 4.2 Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ........................................... 50 Gambar 4.3 Responden Berdasarkan Pemilihan IM ............................................ 51 Gambar 4.4 Responden Berdasarkan Alasan Memilih IM .................................... 52 Gambar 4.5 Hasil Pengujian Pengukuran Compatibility with Workplace Values . 59 Gambar 4.6 Hasil Pengujian Pengukuran Climate for Implementation ................ 61 Gambar 4.7 Hasil Pengujian Pengukuran Compatibility with Work Processes .... 63 Gambar 4.8 Hasil Pengujian Pengukuran Perceived Usefulness ......................... 66 Gambar 4.9 Hasil Pengujian Pengukuran Perceived Ease of Use ....................... 68 Gambar 4.10 Hasil Pengujian Pengukuran Effective Technology Use.................. 69 Gambar 4.11 Model Struktural ................................................................................ 74 Gambar 4.12 Model Struktural Modifikasi ............................................................... 80 Gambar 4.13 Hipotesis yang Diterima Berdasarkan Analisis SEM ........................ 83 x DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Perbandingan social media dan instant messaging dalam pembelajaran ................................................................................ 9 Tabel 2.2. Langkah-Langkah Group Investigation ................................................... 13 Tabel 2.3 Variabel, Definisi dan Indikator ................................................................ 24 Tabel 2.4 Penelitian Sebelumnya ............................................................................ 31 Tabel 3.1 Pertanyan Kuesioner Penelitian .............................................................. 42 Tabel 3.2 Skala Pengukuran Kuesioner .................................................................. 44 Tabel 3.3 Pengujian Realibilitas .............................................................................. 45 Tabel 3.4 Pengujian Validitas .................................................................................. 45 Tabel 3.5 Pertanyaan Kuisioner yang akan diganti ................................................. 48 Tabel 3.6 Pertanyaan Pengganti ............................................................................. 48 Tabel 4.1 Responden Berdasarkan Usia................................................................. 50 Tabel 4.2 Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ................................................. 51 Tabel 4.3 Responden Berdasarkan Pemilihan IM ................................................... 51 Tabel 4.4 Responden Berdasarkan Alasan Memilih IM .......................................... 52 Tabel 4.5 Uji Realibilitas .......................................................................................... 53 Tabel 4.6 Uji Validitas .............................................................................................. 54 Tabel 4.7 Uji Normalitas Data Kuisioner.................................................................. 57 Tabel 4.8 Hasil Pengujian Model Compatibility with Workplace Values ................. 58 Tabel 4.9 Nilai Modification Indices Pengujian Model Compatibility with Workplace Values ...................................................................................................... 58 Tabel 4.10 Hasil Pengujian Model Compatibility with Workplace Values Modifikasi 59 Tabel 4.11 Nilai Standarized Regression Weight Konstruk Compatibility with Workplace Values ...................................................................................................... 59 Tabel 4.12 Nilai Regression Weight Konstruk Compatibility with Workplace Values 60 Tabel 4.13 Nilai Korelasi Konstruk Compatibility with Workplace Values ................. 60 xi Tabel 4.14 Hasil Pengujian Model Climate for Implementation................................. 60 Tabel 4.15 Nilai Modification Indices Pengujian Model Climate for Implementation . 61 Tabel 4.16 Hasil Pengujian Model Climate for Implementation Modifikasi ............... 61 Tabel 4.17 Nilai Standarized Regression Weight Konstruk Climate for Implementation 61 Tabel 4.18 Nilai Regression Weight Konstruk Climate for Implementation ............... 62 Tabel 4.19 Nilai Korelasi Konstruk Climate for Implementation ................................ 62 Tabel 4.20 Hasil Pengujian Model Compatibility with Work Processes .................... 62 Tabel 4.21 Nilai Modification Indices Pengujian Model Compatibility with Work Processes ................................................................................................ 62 Tabel 4.22 Hasil Pengujian Model Compatibility with Work Processes Modifikasi ... 63 Tabel 4.23 Nilai Standarized Regression Weight Konstruk Compatibility with Work Processes ................................................................................................ 63 Tabel 4.24 Nilai Regression Weight Konstruk Compatibility with Work Processes .. 64 Tabel 4.25 Nilai Korelasi Konstruk Compatibility with Work Processes .................... 64 Tabel 4.26 Hasil Pengujian Model Perceived Usefulness ......................................... 64 Tabel 4.27 Nilai Modification Indices Pengujian Model Perceived Usefulness ......... 65 Tabel 4.28 Hasil Pengujian Model Perceived Usefulness Modifikasi ........................ 65 Tabel 4.29 Nilai Standarized Regression Weight Konstruk Perceived Usefulness .. 65 Tabel 4.30 Nilai Regression Weight Konstruk Perceived Usefulness ....................... 66 Tabel 4.31 Nilai Korelasi Konstruk Perceived Usefulness ........................................ 66 Tabel 4.32 Hasil Pengujian Model Perceived Ease of Use ....................................... 67 Tabel 4.33 Nilai Modification Indices Pengujian Model Perceived Ease of Use ....... 67 Tabel 4.34 Hasil Pengujian Model Perceived Ease of Use Modifikasi ...................... 67 Tabel 4.35 Nilai Standarized Regression Weight Konstruk Perceived Ease of Use . 68 Tabel 4.36 Nilai Regression Weight Konstruk Perceived Ease of Use ..................... 68 Tabel 4.37 Nilai Korelasi Konstruk Perceived Ease of Use ....................................... 68 Tabel 4.38 Hasil Pengujian Model Effective Technology Use .................................. 69 Tabel 4.39 Nilai Standarized Regression Weight Konstruk Effective Technology Use ....................................................................................... xii 69 Tabel 4.40 Nilai Regression Weight Konstruk Perceived Ease of Use ..................... 70 Tabel 4.41 Hasil Pengujian Kesesuain Setiap Konstruk Model Pengukuran ............ 70 Tabel 4.42 Hasil Pengujian Chi Square Setiap Konstruk Model Pengukuran........... 71 Tabel 4.43 Hasil Pengujian GFI dan AGFI Setiap Konstruk Model Penelitian .......... 72 Tabel 4.44 Hasil Pengujian RSMEA Setiap Konstruk Model Pengukuran ................ 72 Tabel 4.45 Nilai Hoelter untuk Setiap Konstruk Model Pengukuran ......................... 73 Tabel 4.46 Hasil Pengujian Model Struktural ............................................................ 75 Tabel 4.47 Nilai Regression Weight Model Struktural ............................................... 75 Tabel 4.48 Ringkasan Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................... 79 Tabel 4.49 Nilai Modification Indices Pengujian Model ............................................. 81 Tabel 4.50 Hasil Pengujian Model Struktural Modifikasi ........................................... 82 xiii DAFTAR RUMUS Rumus 2.1 Slovin ........................................................................................................ 25 Rumus 2.2. Validitas ................................................................................................... 26 Rumus 2.3 Cronbach’s Alpha ..................................................................................... 27 Rumus 2.4 Jumlah Varians ......................................................................................... 27 Rumus 3.1 Slovin untuk Sampel SMAN 1 Cisarua ..................................................... 42 xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran A Pertanyaan Penelitian Lampiran B Dokumentasi Penelitian Lampiran C Hasil Kuesioner Lampiran D Proses Trimming xv 1
