The eight part of speek

MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
BAB 1
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The eight part of speek
Noun, Verb, adjective,Adverb,Pronoun,
Preposision, Conjungtion,Intersection
Di dalam merangkai kata – kata menjadi sebuah kalimat, sebelumnya harus dipahami bagaimana
cara merangkai kata – kata sehingga tersusun secara baik dan benar. Sehingga kalimat yang
dihasilkan dapat dipahami atau dimengerti oleh pembaca atau orang yang kita ajak bicara. Pada
umumnya terdapat delapan bagian kata – kata bahasa inggris ( the eight part of speech ) yang
digunakan dalam penyusunankalimat, yaitu :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Noun ( kata benda )
Verb ( kata kerja )
Adjective ( kata sifat )
Adverb ( kata keterangan )
Pronoun ( kata ganti )
Preposition ( kata depan )
Conjunction ( kata sambung )
Interjection ( Kata seru )
A. Noun ( kata Benda )
Kata benda adalah setiap perkataan yang menunjukan benda dan mahluk atau kata yang dipakai
untuk nama benda, orang, hewan, tampat dan sesuatu yang dibendakan :
Example :
Table ( meja )
Cat ( kucing )
Woman ( wanita )
B. Verb ( kata kerja )
Kata yang menunjukan kegiatan / pekerjaan yang dilakuikan.
Example :
Go ( pergi )
Drink ( minum )
Open ( membuka )
C. Adjective ( kata sifat )
Adalah kata sifat atau keadaan, yaitu kata yang digunakan untuk menerangkan sifat dari suatu
benda ( noun ) atau kata ganti ( pronoun )
Example :
My …… ( …………..Ku ), My hand ( tangan ku )
Chines food ( makanan china )
Crying child ( anak yang menangis )
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D. Adverb ( kata keterangan )
Adverb di dalam bahasa inggris berfungsi untuk memberikan keterangan kepada kalimat.
Penggunaan dari Adverb sendiri dibagi menjadi delapan jenis yaitu adverb of manner, adverb of
time, adverb of place and direction, adverb of degree, adverb of frequency, adverb of quantity,
adverb of interrogative dan relative adverb.
Example :
Somewhere ( \disuatu tempat )
Since ( sejak )
Always ( selalu )
E. Pronoun ( kata ganti )
Kata ganti adalah kata-kata yang penggunaanya untuk menggantikan kata benda, kata benda ini
sendiri bisa berupa hewan, tempat, manusia, dan konsep ideologi. Penggunaan pronoun mempunyai
tujuan agar lebih sederhana, nama-nama tidak terlalu sering disebutkan di dalam kalimat dan juga
agar kalimat menjadi efektif.
Example :
Who ( siapa )
What ( apa )
Myself ( milik aku )
A. Preposition ( kata depan )
Kata depan atau preposisi adalah kata yang dapat bergabung dengan noun atau pronoun dan
membentuk sebuah frasa yang menerangkan kata kerja, kata benda dan kata sifat. Common
preposition seperti above, below, in, on, at dan lain sebagainya.
Example :
B. Conjunction ( kata sambung )
Konjungsi adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua frasa, klausa bahkan suatu
paragraph. Jenis-jenis conjunction adalah coordinate conjunction, correlative conjunction,
subordinate conjunction, dan adverbial conjunction.
C. Interjection ( Kata seru )
Kata seru adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan emosi kepada lawan bicara. Jenis
kata ini jarang digunakan pada bentuk tertulis apalagi dalam hal akademis. Kata seru sering
digunakan untuk bentuk bicara. Oleh karena itu interjection mampu berdiri sendiri maupun
bersanding dalam suatu kalimat. Namun ketika kata ini berada di sebuah kalimat tidak akan
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mempunyai hubungan gramatikal. Biasanya kata seru diikuti oleh tanda koma, tanda seru atau
bahkan tanda tanya. Untuk penggunaan koma biasanya digunakan untuk medium interjection.
Koma digunakan pada awal kalimat parenthetical element dan satu lagi berada ditengahnya.
Kemudian tanda seru akan digunakan pada tingkat strong interjection, hal-hal yang diekspresikan
seperti marah, terkejut, gembira, dan perasaan mendalam yang lainnya
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There are seven days of the week , point of
the compass, Month of the year, seasons
BAB II
Days of the week ( nama – nama hari dalam satu minggu )
1.
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
( sande )
( monde )
( cu;zdei )
( weenzdei )
( the:zdei )
( fraidei )
(Setedei )
Minggu
Senin
Selasa
Rabu
Kamis
Jum'at
Sabtu
1. What day is today ? Today is Monday
2. What day was yesterday ? Yesterday was Sunday
3. What day is tomorrow ? Tomorrow is Tuesday
Ket :
is untuk sekarang dan besok
Was untuk hari yang sudah lewat
2.
Point of the compass ( mata angin )
East
Shouteast
South
Shouthwest
West
Northwest
North
Northeast
= Timur
= Tenggara
= Selatan
= Barat daya
= barat
= barat laut
= Utara
= Timur laut
He will be in the north Sumatra next year
( ia akan berada di sumatra utara tahun depan )
Mr. budi was in the west java for several days in December
( Tuan budi berada di jawa barat untuk beberapa hari dalam bulan desember )
Java is west of bali
( jawa berada disebelah barat bali )
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3. Month of the years ( bulan – bulan dalam satu tahun )
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
= januari
= februari
= Maret
= April
= Mei
= Juni
= Juli
= Agustus
= September
= Oktober
= November
= Desember
The fisrt month is January
The last month is December
4. Seasons ( musim )
Winter
Summer
Spring
Autumn
= Musim dingin
= Musim panas
= Musim semi
= Musim gugur
Notes :
A year have fifty two weeks and each week has seven days the seven days are
……….
There are four season in year. There are ………………..
A year have twelve moinths. They are ……………..
5. Artikel A, An dan The
Dalam hal ini kita mempelajari A, AN and The yang artinya seorang,
seekor,sebutir,satu,suatu, sesuatu, inilah yang disebut kata sandang atau artikel ada dua
macam, mari kita lihat macam – macamnya :
1. Kata sandang tak tentu disebut indefinite artcle kata – katanya adalah a dan an, kata
sandang a digunakan di depan kata yang dimulai dengan huruf mati ( b,c,d,f,g dan
lain lain ), sedangkan an digunakan didepan kata yang dimulai dengan huruf hidup (
a,I,u,e,o )
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2. Kata sandang tebtu disebut definite article yaitu the, diucapkan ( de ) di depan huruf
mati dan diucapkan ( di ) didepan huruf hidup. The berarti itu.
Example :
A basket
A Catcher
An ocean
An Orphan
An hour
An honest man
An honour
= Sebuah keranjang
= seorang penadah
= Sebuah lautan
= seorang anak yatim
= satu jam
= seorang yang jujur
= Suatu kehormatan
3. Kata sandang The digunakan :
1. Bila ada kata benda itu di ulang kembali, contoh :
I see a car, The car is for sale ( saya melihat sebuah mobil, mobil itu dijual )
Ihave a cat, This is the cat ( saya mempunyai seekor kucing, ini kucing itu )
2. Setelah kita mengetahui kata benda mana yang kita maksudkan, contoh :
I like the astray ( saya suka asbak itu )
Asbak yang dimaksud sudah diketahui
3. Bila menunjukan kekhususan dan kelompok secara menyeluruh, contoh :
The rose is a beautiful flower, ( bunga mawar adalah bunga yang indah )
4. Pada kata bilangan tingkat, contoh :
The first class ( kelas pertama )
5. Bila menunjukan tingkat paling, contoh :
The cheapest hotel ( Hotel paling murah )
6. Time
Dalam bahasa inggris tidak terdapat penyebutan waktu yang melebihi angka “ 12 “
missal;nya 13.00, 18:00 dll . untuk membedakan digunakan A.M dan P.M.
1. A.m, ( ante mkeridiem ) digunakan untuk menerangkan waktu setelah pukul “
dua belas malam “ sampai menjelang “ dua belas siang “ .
2. P.m, ( Post meridiem ) digunakan untuk menerangkan waktu setelah pukul “
dua belas siang “ sampai menjelang “ dua belas malam “
3. Midday ( noon ) digunakan jika menunjukan tepat pukul dua belas siang
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4. Midnight ( digunakan jika menunujukan tepat pukul dua belas malam.
Notes :
30
= A half / threety
15
= A quqrter/ fifteen
Lebih
= past
Kurang
= To
Tepat
= O’clock
What Time is it ? It is
7
07:00
= Seven O’clock
08:30
= ahalf past eight
09:45
= a Quqrter to eight/fourty five past nine.
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TENSES
BAB III
Simple present, Present continous, Past tenses,
present future, present perfect
A.Pengertian Tense
Tenses adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang diterangkan sesuai dengan waktu.
Tenses mempunyai peranan yang sangat besar dalam suatu kalimat , karena dengan adanya
tenses kita dapat mengetahui kapan terjadinya suatu peristiwa atau perubahan.
B. Pembagian Tenses
Tense terbagi menjadi dua bagian yakni akti dan pasif, Aktif terdiri dari 16 tenses dan pasif
terdiri dari 11 tenses, tetapi dalam buku ini kita mempelajari 5 bentuk tenses aktif dan
beberapa tenses pasif, kalimat aktif yang kita bahas diantaranya adalah :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Simple Present dan nominalnya
Simple present continuous
Simple past tenses dan nominalnya
Simple perfect dan nominalnya
Simple future dan nominalnya
Tenses ini sering kita gunakan setiap harinya karena menyesuaikan waktu dan masanya.
Pembagian waktunya sebagai berikut :
MASA ( WAKTU )
MASA
SEKARANG
MASA YANG AKAN
DATANG
Simple present
Simple present continous
MASA YANG
SUDAH LEWAT
Simple past
Simple present future
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MASA YANG SUDAH
LEWAT TETAPI ADA
KAITANYA DENGAN
SEKARANG
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Simple present perfect
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SIMPLE PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa
atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi saat ini. Present Tense juga
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi berulang-ulang dimasa
kini. Present Tense
Dalam bahasa Inggris Present Tense atau Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk
menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi saat
ini. Present Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi
berulang-ulang dimasa KINI. Ingat, PRESENT artinya adalah kini, sekarang.
Rumusnya:
1. VERBAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + V1 (s/es)
You speak
-
S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1
You do not speak
?
DO/DOES + S + V1
Do you speak ?
2. NOMINAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + Is/am/are + O
They are happy
-
S + Is/am/are + NOT + O
They are not happy
?
Is/am/are + S + O
Are they happy ?
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Cara Membaca Rumus:
S artinya Subject, V1 artinya Verb1 atau kata kerja bentuk pertama, O artinya Objek.
Kapan pakai S atau ES dan kapan tidak?
Kalau Subjectnya He, She, It, John, Mufli, Ellen atau Orang ketiga TUNGGAL maka kata
kerjanya tambah S atau ES.
Di atas tadi ada istilah Orang Ketiga Tunggal, maksudnya gini: Orang ketiga adalah
orang yang kita bicarakan, yang kita omongin. Sedangkan orang pertama ya yang bicara.
Orang kedua lawan bicara. Tunggal ya satu. Jadi orang ketiga tunggal adalah orang yang
kita bicarakan dan satu saja dia itu. Misalnya kita berdua ngomongin John Scoping. Yang
ngomong saya, yang dengar Anda, yang dibicarakan John Scoping (orang ketiga tunggal).
Faham ya?
BAGAN I
( MENUNJUKAN MASA / KEGIATAN SEHARI – HARI )
TENSES
NOMINAL
IS
AM
HE,SHE,IT
I
PRESENT
ARE
YOU,THEY,WE
DOES
DO
I,YOU,THEY,
HE,SHE,IT
V1
Example :
Example :
+). She is a Dokter
+ ). I study English
.-). She is not Dokter
.- ). I do not Study English
?). Is She a Dokter ? Yes,……./ No,……..
? ). Do I Study English ? YES,…./ NO…
,…..
Apakah
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 Simple present Introgative sentences ( kalimat Tanya ) :
YOU
I
DO
They
YE
We
I
You
DO
Read comics
They
Speak English
We
DOES
DOES
He/She/It/Ani
You
I
HE/SHE/IT/ANi
DON’T
They
We
He/She/It/ Ani
DOESN’T
 Simple nominal present introgative sentence ( kalimat Tanya )
YOU
YE
S
Am
Ar
e
I
am
They / We
are
He/She/It/Ani
I
You /They / We
is
Smart student
HE/SHE/IT/ANi
You
Is
No
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Are not
I
Am not
They / We
Are not
He/She/It/ Ani
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are
Is not
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Exercise 1
Fill in these sentences using the correct form of the verb „to be‟ and the words in the
brackets. Then write the words in the blanks.
1.
2.
3.
4.
I_____________ happy.(not)
You _____________ Japanese.(not)
They ____________ busy.(not)
Cheung Chau __________ in
Kowloon.(not)
5. We _______ good friends.
6. You ______ the monitor.
7. He ______ 2 years old.(not)
8. He _________ sad.
9. We __________ Chinese.
10. Tigers _________big cats.
11. His name ______ Billy..
12. She ______ my mother.
13. ______ thirteen years old.
14. They ______ good football players.(not)
Exercise 2
Say these sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then write the words
in the blanks.
1. Susie ______________ shopping in Causeway Bay.(love)
2. Causeway Bay ____________ very busy.(be)
3. Betty _______________________ early.(not get up)
4. ______________________ fruit.(not like)
5. School always _____________ at eight o‟clock in the morning.(start)
6. We usually _________________ at school at half past seven.(arrive)
7. The dog ________________ me. (like)
8. Henry ___________ a nice school bag.(have)
9. She ________________ television every night. (not watch)
10. I ____________________ that dress.(not like)
Exercise 3
Say these questions and answers using the correct form of the verb „to be‟. Then write the
words in the blanks.
1. ___________ he early? Yes, he is.
2. ___________ I late?
No, you aren‟t.
3. ___________ you sick? No, I‟m not.
4. ___________ they friends? Yes, they are.
5. ___________ she at school? No, she isn‟t.
6. ___________ we in the hall? No, you aren‟t/we aren‟t.
7. ___________ I in Class 1S? Yes, you are.
8. ___________she your friend? Yes, she is.
9. ___________they police? No, they aren‟t.
10. .__________we good friends? Yes, we are.
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Exercise 4
Say these questions and answers using the correct form of the verb „to do‟. Then write the
words in the blanks.
1. ________ you like English?
Yes, I do/we do.
2. _________Bobby like noodles?
No, he doesn‟t.
3. _________ we have a test now?
Yes, you do/we do.
4. __________ they have a test this morning?
No, they don‟t.
5. __________ Susie like ice cream?
Yes, she does.
6. __________Tommy walk to school?
Yes, he does.
7. __________you understand?
Yes, I do.
8. ___________I read English books?
No, you don‟t.
9. ___________you remember me?
Yes, I do.
10. ___________we have to stay after school?
No, you don‟t.
SIMPLE PAST TENSES
2. Simple Past Tense
adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
kejadian, peristiwa yang sudah terjadi. Inti dari Past Tense adalah untuk menyatakan
peristiwa yang telah “Lampau”. Lampau disini tak harus sudah lama-lama amat juga,
pokoknya sudah berlalu, sudah lewat. Itulah penekanannya. Mungkin kemarin, satu jam
lalu, 2 tahun lalu, 2 abad yang lalu, dan sebagainya. Semua itu sudah “Past”.
1. VERBAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + VII + Obj
She went to bandung
-
S + Did + NOT + VI + OBJ
She did not go to Bandung
?
Did + S + VI + Obj
Did she go to bandung ?
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2. NOMINAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + Was / Were + Obj
I was born
-
S + Was / Were + NOT + Obj
I was not born
?
Was/ Were + S + Obj
Was I born ?
Notes : I/You/We/They to be Were and He/She/it to be Was
Ingat, V2 maksud saya adalah Kata Kerja atau Verb bentuk ke-2. Tentang kata kerja dapat
Anda baca di Kata Kerja . Anda resepkan dulu bahwa kata kerja bantu “DO” bentuk
present DO, bentuk keduanya (Bentuk Past) adalah DID. Kalau Present kan: I do not…
maka Past nya: I did not….. Yang barusan saya terangkan diatas tadi akan memudahkan
Anda mempelajari Past Tense ini untuk Kalimat yang Negatif dan Kalimat Tanya. Ingat
saja DO jadi DID. .
Contoh :
Kita akan pakai kata kerja bentuk 1-2-3 berikut:
see – saw – seen (melihat)
buy – bought- bought (membeli)
go – went – gone (perg
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BAGAN II
( MENUNJUKAN MASA LAMPAU( Kegiatan yang sudah kita kerjakan) )
TENSES
NOMINAL
VERBAL
Did
WAS
WERE
I,YOU,THEY,WE,HE,SHE,IT
I,YOU,THEY,WE,HE,SHE,IT
V2
Example :
Example :
+). She was a Dokter
+ ). I studied English
.-). She was not Dokter
.- ). I did not Study English
?). Was She a Dokter ? Yes,…/ No,……
? ). Did I Study English ? YES,…./ NO…
,…..
Apakah
SUBJECT: Past form of Verb “To Be “
A) Fill in the blanks. Use WAS / WERE:
1. Mary and Susan …… were ……… ill yesterday.
2. The weather …………………….. very hot last Saturday.
3. The students …………………….. at the theater last night.
4. Betty …………………………….. in Germany last summer.
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5. My brother and I …………………….. at the football stadium on Saturday.
6. …………………………. it cold yesterday?
B) Put these sentences into the PAST. Use past form of verb “ TO BE “:
TODAY
Example: I‟m at home.
home………………………………
1. Jane and Michael are tired.
……………………………………………….
2. She‟s in the park.
……………………………………………….
3. It‟s a sunny day.
……………………………………………….
4. You‟re late.
.………………………………………………
5. They aren‟t hungry.
……………………………………………….
6. We aren‟t at work.
……………………………………………….
7. I‟m thirsty.
.………………………………………………
8. You aren‟t at school.
……………………………………………….
9. We‟re at the cinema.
……………………………………………….
10.Paula isn‟t happy.
……………………………………………….
C) Choose WAS or WERE and circle it:
1. He was / were a policeman.
2. We was / were very happy.
3. Was / Were you happy?
4. They wasn’t / weren’t interested in.
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YESTERDAY
….. I was at
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5. I was / were at school.
6. It wasn’t / weren’t expensive.
7. Was / Were she your teacher?
D) Complete the text with WAS or WERE:
Interviewer: What ……………. it like during the First World War, Bill?
Bill
: It ……………… a terrible time. I ………………. a young man, so I ……
in the army. We …………….. in Italy.
Interviewer: Where ……………….. your wife and children?
Bill
: They …… in London. That …. dangerous too. There ...
bombs and there…… not a lot of food. The children ……very young and
the….. very frightened
E) Fill in the blanks using WAS (NOT) / WERE (NOT):
1. I‟m here today but I ……. wasn’t ……… here yesterday.
2. Jennifer is tall now but she …………………….. tall two years ago.
3. It is rainy today but it ……………………… yesterday.
4. Mr. Smith is angry now but he ……………………………… an hour ago.
5. The shops are open today but they ………………………….. on Sunday.
6. My car is clean today but it …………………………………… yesterday.
7. My father isn‟t at home now but he ………………………………….. an hour ago.
8. The students are in class today but they …………………………….. last week.
9. It isn‟t sunny now but it ………………………………. an hour ago.
10. We aren‟t hungry now but we …………………………… twenty minutes ago
F) PAST FORM OF ADVERB “ did or V2 “
Chilli’s friend Della was on holiday in Jamaica. Read her letter to Chilli and complete
it
with the correct verbs.
* invited
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* stopped
* talked
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* stayed
* travelled
* enjoyed
MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
* didn’t sleep
* didn’t get
* watched
* was
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* listened
Dear Chilli,
I had a fantastic holiday in Jamaica. It was hot and the sea was blue and lovely.
I ……………… by plane from London to Kingston. I really ……………….. the flight. It
was eight hours long but I …………………..at all because I …………………. so
excited. During the flight I ………………….. to music, ………………….. a film and
……………….
to the girl in the seat next to me.
I …………………… with my aunt and uncle in Kingston. They
…………………. me on a trip to Montego Bay. We …………………. at an Orchid
Farm. It was brilliant. On my last night there I …………………… to bed until there
o’clock in the morning!
See you soon,
Love,
Della
A) Answer the questions:
1. Did she go to Jamaica?
2. How did she go to Kingston?
3. How was the weather?
4. What did she do on the plane?
5. Did she visit her grandparents?
6. Did she like the Orchid Farm?
7. When did she go to bed on her last night?
8. Where is Jamaica?
9. What do the tourists do in Jamaica?
10. How is the life for Jamaican people?
B)
Complete these sentences in the PAST TENSE, using the correct verb:
* play
* stop
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* enjoy
* walk
* watch
* travel
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* listen
* like
* talk
* stay
* phone
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I watched the late film on TV last night.
1. We really ………………….. the concert last night. It was great!
2. She ………………… with friends in Brighton last summer.
3. Italy ………………… very well in the last World Cup.
4. Her parents ………………….. by train from Shanghai to Moscow.
5. I ………………….. you four times last night but you were out.
6. We …………………. along the beach yesterday. It was lovely.
7. She …………………. the film but she didn‟t like the music.
8. The men ………………….. work at exactly one o‟clock.
9. I ……………………. to the new Sting album yesterday. It‟s great.
10. They ………………… to us about their trip to Madagaskar. It was very
interesting
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
3. SIMPLE FUTURE
adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan
terjadi. Sesuatu arti katanya Future yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense
penggunaan kata Will, Shall yang artinya akan pastilah mendominasi.
Masih ingat pembagian Tenses dalam garis besar kan? Yes, ada 3 besar Tenses yaitu: Past,
Present dan Future (Dulu, Kini, Nanti).
Setiap Future pasti pakai WILL atau SHALL, artinya AKAN. Namun ada juga yang
namanya Past Future Tense nanti. Karena Past maka Will dan Shall nya pakai past juga
yaitu “Would”, nanti kita pelajari lebih dalam di Past Future Tense. Oh ya, sesudah Will
atau Shall atau Would pasilah diikuti bentuk 1 baik itu kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu.
Rumus Future Tense
1. NOMINAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + Shall/Will + be + Obj
She will be at home
-
S + Shall/Will + Not + be + OBJ
She will not be at home
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?
Shall/Will + S + Shall/Will + be + Obj
| 20
Will she be at home ?
2. VERBAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + Shall/Will + V1 + Obj
I Will go to Tokyo
-
S + Shall/Will + V1 + NOT + Obj
I will not go to Tokyo
?
Shall/Will + S + V1 +Obj ?
Will I go to Tokyo ? Yes/No
Shall jarang digunakan. Bisanya Shall untuk Subject I dan We (I shall…, We shall….) dan
tidak untuk yang lain. Tetapi lebih sering orang pakai I will.. dan We will. Jadi untuk I dan
We boleh pakai baik will atau shall. Sedangkan Subject yang lain seperti HE, SHE, IT,
YOU, THEY, WE semuanya pakai Will.
Contoh Kalimat Positif dalam Future Tense:
-I will study
-You will swim
-They will visit Tokyo
Future Tense Kalimat Negatif
-I will not study
-You will not swim
-They will not visit Tokyo
Future Tense Kalimat Tanya
Tinggal dibalik saja, Will nya di depan.
-Will You study?
-Will You swim?
-Will They visit Tokyo?
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BAGAN III
( MENUNJUKAN MASA / KEGIATAN SEHARI – HARI )
TENSES
NOMINAL
SHALL BE
I,WE
VERBAL
WILL BE
I,YOU,THEY,WE,HE,SHE,IT
WILL
SHALL
I,WE
I,YOU,THEY,WE,HE,SHE,IT
V1
Example :
Example :
+). She is a Dokter
+ ). I study English
.-). She is not Dokter
.- ). I do not Study English
?). Is She a Dokter ? Yes,……./ No,……..
? ). Do I Study English ? YES,…./ NO…
,…..
Apakah
Tentunya karena Future Tense bicara “Akan” maka keterangan waktu berikut biasa
ditambahkan: tomorrow, next month, three days to go, next year dan segala sesatu yang
menunjukkan “akan” tersebut.
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-You will swim together tomorrow
other
-No one will stop us now from loving each
-I dont think They will come on time
-They will visit Tokyo next year
SUBJECT : Future Forms
A) Fill in the blanks with the correct FUTURE forms:
(Will / Going to / Present Continuous / Simple Present)
1. A: What ………………… you …………………… (do) when you grow up?
B: I ……………………………………………… (be) an acrobat in a circus.
2. haven‟t seen him for a long time but I think I …… (recognize) him.
3. A: I need some tokens to telephone my friend.
B: I ……………………………………………… (give) you some.
4. I got the plane tickets. I ………………………………………. (fly) on Sunday.
5. A: Have you got any plans for the summer?
B: Yes, we ……………………………………………. (go) to Italy in June.
6. Don‟t play with those matches; you ……………………………. burn yourself.
7. A: Whose is that night dress?
B : It‟s mine. I ………………………… (wear) it at John‟s graduation party
8. A: Why did you call your grandma?
B: I ……………………………………………….. (visit) her at the weekend.
9. If your passport isn‟t valid any more, you …………………
(not / be able to) go abroad this month.
10.A: What are you doing with that brush?
B: I ………………………………………………… (paint) my room.
11.A: Why are you wearing your anorak?
B: I ………………………………………………… (go) out.
12.I don‟t know the meaning of this word so I ……… (look) it up in the dictionary.
13.Look out! You ……………………………… (hurt) yourself with that knife.
14.A: I‟ve got a terrible headache.
B: Have you? Wait there and I …………………………………. (get) an aspirin
for you.
15.Mother: Your face is dirty.
Child : All right. I …………………………………………………. (wash) it.
16.A: What time ……………………the next bus ………………………. (arrive)?
B: 13 minutes later.
17. .……………………. you …………………….. (open) the door for me, please?
18.We‟re early. The film ……………………………… (start) at 2:30. Why don‟t we
go
and have something to drink?
19.He ……………………………………… (call) the police as soon as he gets home.
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20.A: What …………………….. you …………………………… (do) with that
dress?
B: I …………………………………………………. (shorten) the skirt.
B) Use the correct form of the FUTURE TENSE:
1. A: Oh! You‟ve got a ticket for the party.
B: Yes. I …………………………………………….. (see) it on Friday.
2. A: Tea or coffee?
B: I ……………………………….. (have) coffee, please.
3. There isn‟t any cloud in the sky. It ……………………………… (be) a lovely day.
4. We ……………………………………. (win) the match. We‟re playing really well.
5. The festival ……………………………….. (last) for ten days.
6. I ………………………………………. (have) a meal with a few friends. There
…………………….. (be) about ten of us.
7. Phil ………………………………… (come) round us tomorrow. We
………….………. (be) at the airport at 9:30.
8. Why don‟t you come with us. I‟m sure you ………………………………… (enjoy)
the show.
9. That ………………………………………….. (not / cost) more than $50.
10. The museum …………………………….. (open) at 9:00 everyday but tomorrow it
…………………………….. (not / be) opened at 9:00.
SIMPLE PERFECT TENSES
4. SIMPLE PERFECT
Adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang dipergunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu sekarang. Present Perfect
Tense
Mari kita lanjutkan pelajaran bahasa inggris tentang Present Perfect Tense ini.
Kalau dalam Present Tense penekananya pada fakta, kejadian berulang-ulang atau yang
menjadi kebiasaan, dan Present Continuous Tense menekankan pada “sedang” terjadi,
maka..
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Present Perfect Tense menekankan pada PERFECT nya itu. Perfect kan artinya
“sempurna”. Bukan sempurna karena cantik seperti Dia nitami, tetapi sempurna yang
berarti “selesai, sudah, beres, baru saja usai, dsb”. Jadi, kalau Anda menekankan pada
“SUDAH” nya itu maka gunakanlah Present Perfect Tense ini. Contoh yang paling
mengena misalnya: Dia baru saja pergi (She has just gone).
Rumusnya Present Perfect Tense begini:
1. NOMINAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + have/has + been + Obj
She has been to Malaysia before
-
S + have/has + Not + been + OBJ
She has not been to Malaysia before
?
have/has + S + been + Obj
Has she been to Malaysia before?
Yes/Not
2. VERBAL
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + have/has + V3 + Obj
I have eaten rice
-
S + have/sas Not + V3 + Obj
I have not eaten rice
?
Have/has + S + V3 +Obj ?
have I eaten rice? Yes/No
Nah, setelah Subject (S) maka pakai “have” atau “has” sesuai pasangannya. Have dalam
konteks ini artinya adalah: sudah, telah, barusan. Yang aneh dalam bahasa inggris Have +
ES bukan Haves tetapi HAS. Jadi pasangannya begini:
Contoh Present Perfect Tense
Positif: She has gone (Dia baru saja pergi)
Negatif: She has not gone
Tanya: Has She gone?
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BAGAN IV
( MENUNJUKAN MASA / KEGIATAN YANG SUDAH LAMPAU TETAPI MASIH
ADA KAITANYA DENGAN SEKARANG )
TENSES
NOMINAL
HAVE BEEN
I,YOU,THEY,WE
VERBAL
HAS BEEN
HE,SHE,IT
HAS
HAVE
I,YOU,THEY,WE
HE,SHE,IT
V3
Example :
Example :
+). She is a Dokter
+ ). I study English
.-). She is not Dokter
.- ). I do not Study English
?). Is She a Dokter ? Yes,……./ No,……..
? ). Do I Study English ? YES,…./ NO…
,…..
Apakah
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Ingat, bukan She has go, bukan pula She has going, tidak pula She has goes. “Go” itu
adalah kata kerja yang bentuk ketiganya adalah “gone”. Urutan perubahan bentuk kata
kerja untuk Go adalah: Go-went-gone.
Contoh lainnya:
-I have written english lesson for 30 minutes
-You have read my lesson since 2 PM
Perhatikan perubahan kata kerja:
Write – wrote – written (berubah)
Read – read – read
-I have written english lesson for 30 minutes.
Artinya: Saya telah menulis pelajaran bahasa inggris selama 30 menit.
Dalam kalimat diatas, ditekankan “telah” nya itu dan sekarang sudah beres, sudah tidak
lagi menulis. Tetapi jika penekanan Anda pada “30 menit yang lalunya” maka Anda
gunakan Past Tense yang lebih cocok.
Contoh lainnya lagi, kalimat positif:
-I have cleaned the floor
-He has drunk milk
-You have just broken the glass
Exercise 1
1. Write a suitable sentence using the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE :
2. Ann‟s hair was dirty. Now it‟s clean. (wash) ……... Ann has washed her
hair…………
3. Tom was 80 kg. Now he‟s 70. (lose weight)
……………………………………………..
4. Bill played football yesterday. Now he can‟t walk; his leg is in plaster. (break)
………………………………………………………………………
5. My sister is looking for her pen. (lose)
……………………………………………………
6. Mary is on holiday in France. (go)
………………………………………………………..
7. Mr. Hill was in Canada last week. He‟s back in London now. (be)
………………………
…………………………………………….
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8. Look! Mrs. Smith has got a lot of packages. (buy)
……………………………………….
9. I can‟t eat anything now. (eat too much)
………………………………………………….
10. Mrs. Jenkins is very tired. (clean / house) ……
Exercise 2
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE after BECAUSE:
Example: She can‟t go to the party. (catch a cold)
She can‟t go to the party because she has caught a cold.
1. He can‟t walk very fast. (hurt / leg)
………………………………………………………………………
2. I can‟t get in. (lose / key)
………………………………………………………………………
3. I know this story very well. (see the film)
………………………………………………………………………
4. I can‟t post the letter. (not put / stamp / on it)
………………………………………………………………………
5. He can‟t stand up. (eat too much)
………………………………………………………………………
6. They can‟t go on holiday. (not save / money)
……………………………………………………………………..
7. I know him. (meet him before)
…………………………………………………………………….
8. We don‟t know how he is. (not hear from him)
…………………………………………………………………….
9. He won‟t take a cigarette. (give up smoking)
……………………………………………………………………
10. She can‟t get in. (he / lock the door)
……………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3
C) Follow the example and do the same using ALREADY:
Example: Bring the milk in, please.
- I have ALREADY brought it in.
1. You must find the tickets soon.
………………………………………………………...
2. Turn the radio down, please.
……………………………………………………
3. Tidy your room.
………………………………………………………..
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MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
4. Could you post the letters, please?
…………………………………………………………
5. Why don‟t you see a doctor?
………………………………………………………...
6. You have a bad cough. I think you should stop smoking.
………………………………………………………
7. Why don‟t you clean your shoes?
………………………………………………………..
8. Brush your teeth, will you?
………………………………………………………..
9. We have guests today. Shall we make a cake?
………………………………………………………
10. We should invite Mary to the party.
………………………………………………………
Exercise 4
D) Follow the example and do the same using YET:
Example: She has been in the shop. (buy anything)
- She has been in the shop but she hasn’t bought anything YET.
1. I‟ve written to them three times. (not reply)
…………………………………………
2. I‟ve asked you again and again. (not do it)
……………………………………………
3. I lent him $10 last month. (not give it back)
……………………………………………
4. He lost his pen a week ago. (not find it)
…………………………………………
5. He borrowed my book last year. (not give it back)
……………………………………………………
6. She went to New York six months ago. (not return it)
………………………………………………………
7. She gave me $2 a week ago. (not return it)
……………………………………………
8. I finished reading my library books a long time ago. (not change them)
…………………………………………………………………………
9. She went to the bus-stop half an hour ago. (the bus / not come)
………………………………………………………………
10. He‟s still studying that lesson. (not learn it
…………………………………………
PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES
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5. Present Continuous Tense
adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang
terjadi saat ini, sedang berlangsung saat ini.
Rumusnya: Present Continuous Tenses
RUMUS
SAMPLE
+
S + Is/am/are + V ing + O
They are speaking english
-
S + Is/am/are + NOT + V ing + O
They are not speaking english
?
Is/am/are + S + V ing + O
Are they speaking english ? Yes / No
Kalau “Tobe” nanti itu berganti dengan is, am, are. Tergantung pasangannya apa. Dalam
bahasa Inggris setiap Personal Pronoun atau Kata Ganti Orang sudah ada pasangannya masingmasing. Present Continuous Tense tak akan pernah lepas dari Tobe ini. Seperti ini nih contohnya:
I am, She is, He is, It is, John is, Mufli is, dan sebagainya.
You are, We are, The are, John and Mufi are…
Berikut ini contoh kalimat positif Present Continuous Tense :
- I am writing now (Saya sedang menulis sekarang)
- You are reading my article at present
- She is waiting for you.
Kalimat yang diatas tadi akan saya jadikan kalimat negatif :
- I am NOT writing now (Saya sedang tidak menulis sekarang)
- You are NOT reading my article at present
- She is NOT waiting for you..
Kalimat Tanya Present Continuous Tense
Ini contoh Kalimat Tanya dalam Present Continuous Tense, saya pake contoh kalimat yang diatas
tadi tetapi untuk bertanya:
- Are you writing now? (Apakah kamu sedang menulis sekarang?)
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- Are You reading my article at present? (Apa artinya?)
- Is She waiting for you.
Nah itu dia, tinggal tambakan tobe sesuai pasangannya. Dan selalu ingat untuk Present Continuous
Tense selalu pakai kata kerja bentuk ING, maksud saya kata kerja tambah ING. Kata kerja itu
bahasa Inggrisnya Verb. Saya singkat V, karena tambah Ing saya singkat lagi “Ving”.
So pasti bisa juga mengguanakan Kata Ganti Penanya seperti What, Where, Which, Why,
Who dan sebagainya dalam kalimat tanya ini. Contohnya begini:
-What are you writing now? (Lagi nulis apa kamu sekarang?)
-What are you reading (lagi baca apa Anda?)
-Who is She waiting for (Doi lagi nungguin siapa?)
Begitulah basicnya tentang Present Continuous Tense ini. Inti dari Continuous itu adalah
“Sedang”, atau katakanlah sedang berlanjut (seperti arti katanya), sedang terjadi.
Tetapi, “Sedang” itu bisa bisa jadi tidak sekarang loh ya. Ada juga “sedang” tetapi kemarin.
Nah loh!. Ini namanya Past Continuous Tense. Sebagai contoh pengantar misalnya gini: “Waktu
istriku datang dari pasar KEMARIN, Saya kebetulan banget SEDANG tidur, jadi nda bisa bantu
bukain pintu, untung anak saya yang kedua belum berangkat sekolah”. Tuh, kan sedang juga, tetapi
kemarin.
Continuous atau “Sedang” tetapi BESOK atau sedang tetapi akan datang juga ada loh. Anda
mau ke rumah saya besok jam 9? Oh jangan, karena jam segitu besok itu saya akan SEDANG
tidur!. Tuh.. sedangnya BESOK kan? Ini dapat Anda pelajari dalam Future Continuous Tense.
Sedangkan topik yang satu ini adalah tentang SEDANG SEKARANG alias Present Continuouse
Tense. Present itu artinya “kini, atau sekarang”.
A. TENSES
Dari pembahasan diatas dapat digolongkan dan dibedakan pada tabel berikut :
TENSES
Present Tense
(Menyatakan
kebiasaan hingga
sekarang masih
dilakukan)
30
POLA
V = (+) S+V¹ (-s/es utk S he,she,it)
(-) S+Do/Does not + V¹
Do utk S= I,you,they,we
Does utk S= he,she,it
She goes to school everyday
She does not go to school
everyday
N = (+) S+ to be (am/is/are) + adj/n/adv
She is beautiful
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KET. WAKTU
Every…
Usyally
Always dll
MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
Present Continuous V= (+) S+ to be (am/is/are)+V-ing
(Menyatakan aktivitas
She is not going to school everyday
yang sedang
berlangsung pada
waktu bicara)
V = (+) S + have/has + V3
Present Perfect
(Menyatakan
Have utk S= I,you,they,we
perbuatan/tindakan
Has utk S= he,she,it
yang terjadi pada
Father has gone to work for 12 hours
waktu yang tidak
N = (+) S + have/has+Been + adj/n/adv
tertentu di masa
Father has been at his office since 12
lampau dan pada saat
hours ago.
berbicara
perbuatan/tindakan
tsb telah selesai/baru
aja selesai dilakukan)
Now
At present
At this moment
To day
V = (+) S + V2
Past Tense
(Menyatakan kegiatan
(-) S + did not + V¹
yang dilakukan pada
Did utk semua Subjek
waktu lampau)
N = (+) S + Be (was/were) + adj/n/adv
Was utk S= I,he,she,it
Were utk S= you,they,we
Future tense
(Menyatakan aktivitas V = (+) S + will/shall + V¹
yang akan dilakukan
Will utk semua Sabjek (S)
di waktu yang akan
Shall utk S = I,we
datang)
N = (+) S + will/shall +be + adj/n/adv
Yesterday
Last…
…ago
| 31
Lately
Recently
For
Since
already
yet
lately
just
Tomorrow
Next…
Kita bisa mengenali setiap tensis dengan mengetahui ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki setiap
tensis:
Simple Present
V¹/do,does/am,is,are
Simple past
V2/did/was,were
Perfect
have/has/had + V3/been
Future/modal (present)
will/shall/may/can/must + V¹/be
Future/modal (past)
would/sould/might/could/had to + V¹/be
Continuous
Tobe + v-ing
Present
Past
Perfect
Future/modal
TO BE
Am, is, are
Was, were
Been
be
Contoh soal
1. Fred : Juda, the telephone rang twelve times. What were you doing?
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Juda: I____ Javanese dancing, “Srimpi”.
a. practised
d. have been practising
b. was parctising
e. will be practising
c. have practised
Jawaban : B (Past Continuous Tense)
2. Dian : The Public Health Centre ____ there for more than twenty years.
The doctors and paramedis work hard to improve the people‟s health especially
children.
Iwan : Yes, they are succesful. The infant/death rate has decreased remarkably.
a. works
d. has been working
b. worked
e. will have worked
c. is working
Jawaban : D (Present Perfect Continuous = peristiwa yang terjadi/dimulai pada waktu
lampau dan sekarang masih berlangsung. Ada tanda waktu for yang
bisa dijadikan ciri)
3. Devi : So you have finished washing the dished. When did you do it?
Sri : I did while you ____ the yard.
a. clean
d. were cleaning
b. cleaned
e. have been cleaning
c. had cleaned
Jawaban : D (Past Continuous tense = menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang
berlangsung ketika kegiatan lain terjadi di waktu lampau. Kata while bisa dijadikan
ciri)
4. Retno : Why don‟t you reply my letter?
Hadi : Oh sorry. I forget to tell you that I ___ in Bali since last year.
a. am living
d. will have lived
b. was living
e. have been living
c. have to live
Jawaban : E (Present Perfect Continuous. Tanda waktu since dapat dijadikan ciri)
5. Vina : When did you get the letter?
Fani : Yesterday. My family ____ when the postman arrived.
a. have lunch
d. will have had lunch
b. will have lunch
e. have been having lunch
c. were having lunch
Jawaban : C (Past Continuous tense biasa juga dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan
yang sedang dilakukan ketika kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.
When + simple past dapat dijadikan ciri)
Soal-Soal Latihan
1. If we don”t hurry, the meeting ___ by the time we get there.
a. would have started
d. will start
b. will have started
e. starts
c. will be started
2. The librarian suddenly heard a noise.
Librarian : What was the noise?
Student : I dropped some books while I ____ them to the table.
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a. carry
b. carried
c. was carrying
| 33
d. am carrying
e. have carried
3. Ann has been looking for a job for six month.
This sentence means that Ann ___.
a. has got a new job d. has stopped looking for a job
b. has worked for six months e. started to work 6 months a go
c. is still looking for a job
4. When airport are located in the center of citied, they ___ noise pollution and distrub
people‟s life.
a. caused d. were causing
b. causes e. have caused
c. will cause
5. Agam : Where will we go next holiday?
Joko : What about Bali?
Agam : That‟s OK, but I ____ there many times.
a. am d. will be
b. was e. will have been
c. have been
6. My father is still in Bali. He ____ there for three weeks.
a. is
d. has been
b. was
e. have been
c. had been
7. Anto : I‟m sorry Ary. I forget to bring your book.
Ary : What did he say Lina?
Lina : Anto said that he ___ to bring your book.
a. has forgotten d. forgets
b. had forgotten e. forgot
c. would forget
8. Teacher : I”ve heard that Benny is ill. Is it right?
Student : Yes, sir. He ____ ill for a week.
a. was d. would be
b. has been e. will have been
c. had been
9. Teacher : You will be ready for a test next week. Learn all these.
Student : All right, sir. I ____ them by then.
a. learn d. will be learning
b. have learnt e. will have learnt
c. am learning
10. Reni goes to her university every morning. She studies business. You can‟t meet
her at her house at 10.00 tomorrow. She ___ the lectures.
a. will be attending d. has attended
b. has been attending
e. attended
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c. would be attended
BAB III
Introducing,Greeting, Congretulation,Degres of
comperation, conditional
1. Introducing your self and other people
Introducing your self
Introducing people



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I‟d like to introduce myself.
My I introduce myself?
Let me introduce myself!
I want to introduce myself
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I‟d like you to meet … (name)
This is my friend/boss/etc…(name)
Have you met…(name)?
May I introduce you to
…(name/occupation)
Let me introduce you to ….
I want to introduce you to ….
1. This is my friend, Jack.
my brother, Bob.
my sister, Cindy.
my father, Mr. Harris.
my mother, Mrs. Harris.
my teacher, Ms. Watson.
my student, Carrie.
my friend, Mary Jones.
my boss, Mr. Ritter.
my co-worker, Penny Pitcher.
2. Nice to meet you.
Pleased to meet you.
Very nice to meet you.
It's a pleasure to meet you.
Hi Jack. I'm Linda
Nice to meet you too.
Likewise.
And you.
How to introduce people (in formal situations)
Introducing yourself
I just wanted to introduce myself,
I don't believe we've met before,
I don't think we've actually met formally yet,
Introducing someone else
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my name is...
I'm...
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I'd like to introduce you to…
There's someone I'd like you to meet, this is…
Have you met…?
Exercises:
Complete the following conversation with the correct expressions in the box.
Hi, Retno.
My name is Adib.
this is Retno.
I‟m Arnys.
Situation: Adib, Arnys, and Retno are new students. They meet at the students’
orientation course.
Adib
: Hi, Are you a new student?
Arnys : Yes, I am. By the way, are you a new student, too?
Adib
: I‟m a new student too. 1) ______________________
Arnys : 2) _________________ Well, Adib, 3) __________________
She was my classmate in the Junior High School.
Adib
: 4) ________________ Nice to meet you?
Retno : Nice to meet you too.
Adib
: Anyway, we still have half an hour before the class starts. Shall we go to
the canteen?, Arnys?
Retno : Okay.
2. Greeting (memberi salam)
Greetings
morning
sir
madam
Good afternoon
Mr Jones
Mrs Smith
evening
Language in the programme
How are you?
It's lovely to see you again!
It's been a long time, hasn't it?
How are things with you?
Examples of situations where you might use formal greetings
Working in the service industry, e.g. a restaurant, hotel, travel agent
Greeting someone older than you
At work, when speaking to your superiors
Meeting a VIP e.g. a politician
Being polite to someone you don't know very well
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35
Expressions
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
(formal)
Hi!/Hello! (informal)
Special Days - Social Language |
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Functions
Greeting someone
MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
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How are you, Den?
How are you doing
I‟m fi ne, thanks.
Very well, thanks.
Not so bad, thanks.
See you.
Good bye.
Bye.
See you soon /later /tomorrow.
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Asking how someone is
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Saying how you are
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Saying good bye
Exercises:
Complete the dialogues below with correct
expressions.
1) Arnys
:…
Ruben
: Very well, thank you.
2) Ayu
: Good evening.
Denias : …
3) Andi
: How are you doing?
Retno
:…
4) Adib
: See you tomorrow.
Virga
:…
5) Anita
: Hi!
Marcell : …
Cultural Tips
Meeting and Greeting in
Australia
• Shake hands with everyone
present upon meeting and before
leaving.
Allow women to offer their
hands fi rst.
• Women generally do not shake
hands with other women.
• Use titles, Mr, Mrs, and Miss
when fi rst introduced.
3. Inviting (mengundang/mengajak)
Here are some phrases and expressions for inviting in English.
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Do you want to . . .
Do you wanna . . . (informal)
Would you like to . . . (more polite)
How about (V+ing) ?
How would you like to . . .
let‟s + V1
Why don‟t we …?
I‟d like to invite you to…
I wonder if you‟d like to
Some responds of inviting.
Refusing
- I‟m sorry I can‟t
- I‟d like to but…
- I‟m afraid I can‟t
- No, let‟s not.
Receiving
- I‟d love to
- I‟d like very much
- I‟d be happy/glad to
accept
- Yes, I‟d be delighted to.
- That‟s good ide
Polite invitations
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MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
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Checking someone is not busy
Are you free on Friday?
Are you busy on Friday?
What are you doing on Friday?
Would you like...?
Would you like
...a chocolate bar?
...to come to my house for dinner?
I wondered / was wondering
I wondered
...if you'd like to come to my house for dinner
I was wondering
Other expressions
I would very much like it if you could come along
Shall I bring a bottle?
4. Expressing Thanks (terimakasih)
Here are some sample phrases and sentences for expressing thanks.
Expressing
Responses
Thank you
You are welcome.
Thank you very much
That‟s all right
Thanks.
Not at all
Thank you very much for… (kata benda)
Don‟t mention it
I‟m grateful for…(kata benda/noun)
Thet‟s all right
I appreciate it.
Any time
Exercise
How would you express thanks in the following situations?
a) Someone just gave you a gift for your birthday.
(What do you say?)
Example: "Thank you so much. I really like it!"
b)
c)
d)
e)
Someone has just bought dinner for you.
Someone returned your lost wallet.
Someone helped carry your grocery bags.
Someone complimented you on your necktie.
5. Congratulations (ucapan selamat)
Ungkapan
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MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
Congratulations
Congratulations on …
I‟d like to congratulate you.
I‟d like to congratulate you on…
It was great to hear…
It was to hear about….
Happy birthday to you.
Happy new year.
Good luck!
Have a nice holiday
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Thank you
Thank you and the same to you
Thank you. I need it.
Thank you very much.
Expression
You look cute with that hat.
Congratulations!
Function
Complimenting
Congratulating
Thank you.
Responding to compliments and
congratulations
Other expression
Expression
 What a …!
 That‟s a very nice …
 I like your …
 Congratulations on winning …
 I‟d like to congratulate you on …
 I must congratulate you on your …
 Well done.
 Thanks.
 Oh, not really.
 It‟s nice of you to say so.
 How kind of you to say so.
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Function
Complimenting
Congratulating
Responding to compliments and
congratulations
Special Days - Social Language
It is common to use a special greeting used just for that occasion on special days,
holidays and other special occasions. Here are some of the most common:
Birthdays
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Happy birthday!
Best wishes / Good luck on your thirtieth (age - use an ordinal number) birthday!
Many happy returns!
Wedding / Anniversary
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Congratulations!
Best wishes / good luck on your tenth (number - use an ordinal number) anniversary!
Here's to many more happy years together (used when making a toast)
Special Holidays
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MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
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Merry Christmas!
Happy New Year / Easter / Hanukkah / Ramadan etc.
All the best for a happy New Year / Easter / Hanukkah / Ramadan etc.
When making special greetings to children on their birthday and at Christmas, it is also
common to ask them what they received:
Merry Christmas! What did you get from Santa Claus?
Happy Birthday! What did your Daddy get for you?
Special Occasions
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Congratulations on your promotion!
All the best for your ...
I'm so proud of you!
B. DEGREES OF COMPARISON (tingkat perbandingan)
Terdiri dari 3 tingkatan, yaitu:
1. Positive (tingkat biasa)
S + tobe + adjective/k.sifat
contoh: Jojon is handsome
Gogon is clever
2. Comparative (tingkat perbandingan)
S + tobe + more/-er + adjective + than
contoh: Jojon is more handsome than Aming
Bajuri is cleverer than Oneng
3. Superlative (tingkat palinga)
S + tobe + the most/-est + noun phrase
Contoh: Jojon is the most handsome
Bajuri is the cleverest person
Catatan
a. Adjective/kata-kata sifat yang bersuku kata dua/lebih harus diawali
kata “more” pada kalimat perbandingan/comparative dan “the most” pada
kalimat tingkat paling/superlative.
Contoh: beautiful
more beaitiful
the most beautiful
b. Beberapa kata harus dibentuk dengan cara tidak beraturan pada
comparative dan superlative.
Contoh:
bad
worse
worst
good
better
best
much
more
most
c. Adjective/kata-kata sifat yang bersuku kata satu/dua yang berakhir dengan
akhiran “-er/-r” pada kalimat perbandingan/comparative dan “-est/-st”
pada kalimat tingkat paling/superlative adalah:
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1. Kata yang berakhir dengan 2 konsonan / 1 konsonan yang didahului
dengan 2 vokal.
Contoh: rich
richer
richest
deep deeper
deepest
2. Kata yang berakhir dengan 1 konsonan yang dudahului oleh 1 vokal.
Dalam perubahannya konsonan tersebut digandakan sebelum diberi
akhiran –er dan –est.
Contoh: big bigger
biggest
3. Kata yang berakhir dengan –e dalam perubahannya hanya diberi
akhiran –r dan –st.
Contoh:
large
larger
largest
4. Kata yang berakhir dengan –y yang didahului konsonan dalam
perubahannya huruf –y tersebut berubah menjadi –i. Tetapi jika –y
tsb didahului vokal maka aturan tersebut di atas tidak berlaku.
Contoh: easy
easier
easiest
coy
coyer
coyest
5. Kata yang terdiri dari dua suku kata yang berakhiran –some, -ow, le, -er.
Contoh: clever
cleverer
cleverest
DEGREES OF COMPARATION TABLE
No
Explanations
A.1 Kata sifat yang memiliki satu
suku kata, ditambah “er” pada
tingkat pada tingkat lebih
(Comparative) dan “ est” pada
tingkat paling / ter (
Superlative
Kata sifat yang berakhir huruf
konsonan dan didahului huruf
vocal, maka harus digandakan
( Bigger)
2.
Kata sifat yang bersuku kata
dua dan berakhiran –„some‟,
„er‟, „le‟, „ow‟ dan „y‟
ditambah „er‟ / est.kata sifat
berakhiran „y‟ didahului huruf
konsonan harus diubah
menjadi „I‟ baru ditambah „er‟
/ est.
B.1 Kata sifat byang memiliki dua
suku kata dan tekanan jatuh
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Positive
Degree
Tall
Strong
Cheap
Fast
Hard
Comparative
degree
Taller
Stronger
Cheaper
Faster
Harder
Superlative
Degree
Tallest
Strongest
Cheapest
Fastest
Hardes
Big
Fat
Thin
Bigger
Fatter
Thinner
Biggest
Fattest
Thinnest
Handsome
Clever
Simple
Narrow
Shallow
Heavy
Dirty
Lazy
Friendly
Busy
Patient
Bitter
Handsomer
Cleverer
Simpler
Narrower
Shallower
Heavier
Dirtier
Lazier
Friendlier
Busier
More Patient
More Bitter
Handsomest
Cleverest
Simplest
Narrowest
Shallowest
Heaviest
Dirtiest
Laziest
Friendliest
Busiest
Most Patient
Most Bitter
MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
pada suku pertama dan
ditambah, „more‟ pada tingkat
lebih ( comparative ) dan
„most‟ pada tingkat paling/ter
(superlative)
Kata sifat yang berakhiran „ful‟
atau „less‟
Famous
Modern
Passive
Charming
3
Kata sifat yang terdiri atas
lebih dari dua suku kata ,
tambahkan „more‟ pada tingkat
lebih (Comparative) dan „most‟
untuk superlative
Expensive
Dangerous
Difficult
Diligent
Exciting
Interesting
Popular
4
Kata sifat yang
membandingkannya tidak
beraturan
Bad
Good
Well
Little
Much/ many
Old
late
far
2
Careful
Careless
Useful
Useless
Meaningful
Beautiful
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More Famous
More Modern
More Passive
More Charming
Most Famous
Most Modern
Most Passive
Most
Charming
More Careful
Most Careful
More Careless
Most Careless
More Useful
Most Useful
More Useless
Most Useless
More
Most
Meaningful
Meaningful
More Beautiful Most
Beautiful
More Expensive Most
More
Expensive
Dangerous
Most
More Difficult
Dangerous
More Diligent
Most Difficult
More Exciting
Most Diligent
More
Most Exciting
Interesting
Most
More Popular
Interesting
Most Popular
Worse
Worst
Better
Best
Better
Best
Less
Least
More
Most
Older/ elder
Oldest/ eldest
Later/latter
Lates/last
Farther/ further Farthest/
furthest
C. QUESTION TAGS
Merupakan bentuk pertanyaan berekor yang fungsinya untuk mempertegas suatu
pertanyaan.
Contoh : Pok Ati is a beautiful woman, isn’t she?
My husband didn‟t go to Bandung last week, did he?
a) Jika statement adalah kalimat verbal maka question tag-nya dibentuk menurut
kaidah kalimat verbal yaitu ada kata kerja bantu/modal yang dipakai seperti:
do/does, did, have/has, had, will, shall, can, may, dll. Begitu pula jika statement
adalah kalimat nominal maka question tag-nya pun dibentuk menurut kaidah
kalimat nominal yaitu ada kata kerja to be yang dipakai seperti: am/is/are,
was/were, dll.
b) Jika statement (+) maka question tag (-) dan sebaliknya
D. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (kalimat pengandaian)
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MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
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Conditional sentence terdiri dari anak kalimat (sub clause) dan induk kalimat (mean
clause) dimana bentuk tenses yang di pakai pada keduanya berbada.
Induk kalimat biasanya diawali dengan kata “if”. Jika anak kalimat mendahului
induk kalimat maka setelah anak kalimat ada koma (,).
Ada 3 tipe conditional sentence :
1. Future Conditional (type 1)
Kalimat yang diucapkan dan kenyataan yang sebenarnya tidak bertolak belakang.
Apa yang diucapkan, itulah yang diharapkan. Kemungkinan harapan terpenuhi di tipe
ini adalah ada (bukan imajinasi) tapi kalau syarat terpenuhi.
Contoh: If I have much money, I will buy a new car.
(jika saya punya uang, saya akan membeli mobil baru)
Pola : If + simple present
+ simple future/modal
S + V1
S + will/shall/can/must/may + V1
S + am/is/are
S + will shall/can/must/may + be
2. Present Conditional (type 2)
Kalimat yang diucapkan bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan yang sebenarnya di
masa sekarang. Kalau kalimatnya (+), maka makna/meaning-nya (-) dan sebaliknya.
Kemungkinan harapan terpenuhi di tipe ini adalah tidak ada (hanya imajinasi saja).
Contoh : (+) If I had time, I would go to the beach with you.
(Saya sebenarnya tidak punya waktu sekarang ini sehingga tidak bisa
pergi)
Pola: If + simple past
+
past future/modal
V2
would/should/could/had to/might + V1
Was/were
would/should/could/had to/might + be
Di tipe ini hanya were saja yang dipakai.
3. Past Conditional (type 3)
Kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kewajiban/kegiatan yang dilakukan dimasa
lampau, tetapi tidak dilakukan/ tidak terpenuhi. Kalimat ini diucapkan bertolak
belakang dengan kenyataan yang sebenarnya di masa lalu. Kalau kalimatnya (+),
maka makna/meaning yang disampaikan (-) dan sebaliknya.
Kemungkinan harapan terpenuhi di tipe ini adalah tidak ada (hanya imajinasi saja)
Contoh : (+) If I had known you were there, I would have written you a letter.
( Jika saya tahu waktu dulu kamu berada di sana, saya sudah mengirim surat padamuini bermakna saya tidak mengirim surat karena saya tidak tahu kamu berada di sana)
Pola: If + past perfect +
past future perfect/modal perfect
Had + V3
would/should/could/had to/might + have + V3
Had been
would/should/could/had to/might + have been
E. CONJUNCTIONS (Kata Sambung)
Kata sambung adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menyambung dua kalimat/katakata.
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1. Kata sambung yang berdiri sendiri seperti: and, or, but, for, although/though, that,
if, dll.
Contoh: - You can read this book if you like.
(kamu dapat membaca buku ini jika kamu mau)
- I went to your house but you weren‟t at home.
(saya pergi ke rumahmu tapi kamu tidak ada di rumah)
- Amir and I go to school everyday.
(Amir dan saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari)
- Although it was raining, he come on time.
(walaupun hujan dia datang tepat waktu)
2. Kata sambung yang berpasangan seperti:
both…and… (…dan juga….)
not only…but also… (…tidak hanya…tetapi juga…)
either…or… (….maupun…)
neither…nor… (…tidak…dan tidak…)
Contoh: - He is both wise and good.
(dia bijaksana dan juga baik)
- He is not only active but also clever.
(dia tidak hanya aktif tetapi juga pintar)
- Factory pollutions have polluted either land or water in our environment.
(Polusi pabrik telah mencemari tanah maupun air di lingkungan kita)
- The research is neither intersting nor accurate
(Penelitian itu tidak menarik dan tidak akurat)
F. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (kata ganti penghubung)
Relative Pronoun adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengantikan salah satu
pokok kalimat/bagian kalimat lainnya yang menghubungkan dua buah kalimat menjadi
satu kalimat majemuk (complex sentence). Kata-kata yang digunakan sebagai
penghubung yaitu: who, whom, whose, which, of which.
Rumus Umum :
Jabatan dalam kalimat
orang
benda
Subjek
Who/that
Which/that
Objek
Whom/that
Which/that
Kepunyaan (possesseve)
whose
Of which
1. Who/that: “yang”
Digunakan utk pengganti orang sbg subjek
Contoh: We know a lot of people. They live in Jakarta
S
O
S
We know a lot of people who live in Jakarta
(They = a lot ao people, jabatan dalam kalimat subjek,)
2. Whom/that: “yang”
Digunakan untuk pengganti objek
Contoh: The girl feel in love with the man.
S
O
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I met him last week.
S
O
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The girl feel in love with the man whom I met last week.
(him = the man, jabatan sebagai objek)
3. whose: “yang punya”
Digunakan untuk mengganti kata ganti kepunyaan: my, your, our, his, their, its, her.
Contoh: We saw the people. Their car has been stolen.
S
O
possessive
We saw the people whose car had been stolen.
(their car = mobilnya orang-orang. Orang yang dimaksud = the people)
4. which/that
Digunakan untuk mengganti kata benda/binatang sebagai subjek
Contoh: I don‟t like the stories.
They are printed in English.
S
I don‟t like the stories that/which are printed in English.
(they = the stories/cerita adalah kata benda yg kedudukannya sebagai S)
My mother loves a red car very much.
I bought it last year.
O
O
My mother loves a red car which/that I bought last year very much
( it = a red car, sebuah benda, jabatan sebagai objek)
6. Of which
Digunakan untuk mengganti kata ganti kepunyaan/possessive untuk benda/binatang.
Contoh: I sent the table back to the store.
Its surface is not smooth.
Possessive
I sent the table of which surface is not smooth back to the store.
(its surface/permukaannya meja. Meja yg dimaksud the table)
1. Like/Love & Dislike/Hate (suka/cinta & tidak suka/benci)
Like
I love it
I like it
I am keen on it
I am crazy about it
We all enjoy
(benda/noun/gerund)…is my cup of
tea
Language for expressing likes
44
Dislike
I don‟t really like it
I dislike it
I am not really interested in…
I can‟t enjoy…
(benda/noun/gerund)…is not my cup of tea
I can‟t stand
I hate it
Subject
Adverb
Verb
Noun
I
(really)
don't like
can't stand
it
them
ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV
Special Days - Social Language |
MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
| 45
About the adverb 'really'.
This adverb as we have seen is very useful in making what you say stronger. When
talking about things you don't like though it can have a different meaning
depending on where you put it in the sentence.
For example:
"I really don't like it!"
This means you have a strong dislike of something.
BUT
"I don't really like it."
This is not very strong. It means that you do not like something, but it is not a very
strong dislike.
Language for expressing likes
Subject
Adverb
Verb
Noun
Extra
I
(really)
like
love
it
them
ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV
a lot
6. Asking & Giving Opinion (meminta & memberi pendapat)
Asking Opinion
Giving opinion
How was the trip?
I think (that)….
How do you like your new house?
In my opinion….
How do you think of Rina‟s idea?
As I see, …
How do you feel about this dicition?
If you ask me, I feel…
What is your opinions of the movie?
What are your feelings about it?
Other examples
Those expressions are used to ask for opinions.
What do you think of this refrigerator?
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MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
do you think I should buy those florescent light bulbs?
Those expressions are used to give opinions.
I think the other one’s better.
In my opinion, you should buy the florescent light bulbs.
Here are other expressions that you can also use:
Asking Opinion
Giving opinion
I think …
 What is your opinion?
I believe …
 What do you think of...?
I feel …
 How do you feel about…?
It seems to me …
 How do you see …?
7. Agreement/approval, Disagreement/disapproval (setuju,
tidak setuju)
Ketika kita merasa sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa mengatakan:
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MODUL FULLDAY SCHOOL LEVEL ONE
So do I
 I‟m of exactly the same opinion
Yes, I agree with you
 I think so
It is certainly
 I go along that line
Exactly
 I agree completely
 That's true.
That‟s what I want to say
 Absolutely.
I am with you
 Definitely.
I am on your side
 I couldn't agree more.
Yes, I agree
 I know what you mean.
That‟s quite true
 I suppose you‟re right
You‟re absolutely right!
Ketika kita merasa tidak sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa mengatakan:
Well, I don‟t think so
I don‟t think that is true
I disagree with …
I wouldn‟t say that
Exactly not
I can‟t say so
On contrary
I don‟t buy that idea
I‟m afraid I entirely disagree
I can‟t agree
I don‟t think it‟s very good
Surely not
I am sorry, but I have to disagree
I couldn‟t agree less
I‟m not sure I can agree
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Other expression of disagreeing
Useful vocabulary for disagreeing
Note: 'no' is usually followed by a statement (see below)
no
I don't agree
(quite direct)
that's not true
I don't accept that (quite formal)
Examples:
No, I don't think that's what happened.
No, that's not a good idea.
Pronouns
Adalah kata ganti orang,binatang, benda dan sebagainya : ada 4 kategori dalam kata
ganti diantaranya :
1. Sebagai subject ( kata ganti orang )
2. Sebagai object ( pelengkap/penderita )
3. Sebagai posesive ( kepunyaan )
4. Sebagai reflexive ( mengenai diri sendiri )
Personal pronoun
Posesive bentuk
kata ganti nama
Reflexive
mempunyai
orang
Pronoun yang
ditujukan
As
As
As
As objeck
Subjeck
Adjective pronoun untuk dirinya
sebagai
sendiri
sebagai
sebagai
sebagai
penderita
pokok
kata sifat kata ganti
I
Me
My
Mine
Myself
we
Us
Our
Our
Ourselves
You
You
Your
Yours
Yourself/selves
She
Her
Her
Hers
Herself
He
Him
His
His
Himself
it
It
It's
It's
Itself
They
Them
Their
Theirs
Themselves
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1. Personal Pronoun
a. Sebagai subjeck
I am student ( saya siswa )
You gave him ( kamu sudah memberi saya )
b. Sebagai objeck
I gave him ( saya sudah memberi dia )
It‟s me that you need ( ini saya yang kau perlukan )
He sent a latter to me ( dia mengirim sepucuk surat kepada saya )
Let me go ( biar saya pergi )
Let‟s go ( marilah kita pergi )
2. Posesive Pronoun
This is my book ( ini buku saya ) sebagai kata sifat sebelum kata benda
This is mine ( Itu punyaku ) dibelakang kalimat / tidak diikuti kata benda
This is a book of yours ( Ini bukumu ) sesudah kata of jika sebelum kata of adalah
kata benda.
3. Reflexive Pronoun
It was given to me ( itu dibrikan kepada saya )
The queen herself ( oleh ratu sendiri )
Exercise 1
A) Fill in the blanks with MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, ITS, OUR, YOUR, THEIR:
1. This is Tim. ………………. car is very fast.
2. Jane and I are in the garden. …………… books are in the classroom.
3. Are you a driver? Where is …………… car?
4. I am a driver? This is ……………. school.
5. She is my friend. …………. name is Meltem.
6. These are Mr. and Mrs. Brown. That‟s ………….. house.
7. Look at that cat. …………… eyes are green.
8. Your friend and you are sad today. What‟s ……………… problem?
9. That‟s Mr. Green. He is driving …………… car.
10. Ali‟s and Can‟s bags are heavy. …………… bags are full.
Exercise 2
B) Rewrite these sentences using HE, SHE, IT, THEY, WE, HIS, HER, THEIR, OUR,
ITS:
1. Jane’s father is very thin.
…………………………………………………………………………..
2. Men’s trousers are very expensive.
…………………………………………………………………………..
3. Jim’s shirt is very long.
………………………………………………………………………….
4. Is your brother a businessman?
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………………………………………………………………………….
5. My mother and I would like some tea.
………………………………………………………………………….
6. These are Ayşe’s and my books.
…………………………………………………………………………
7. Mrs. Brown’s daughters are in the garden.
…………………………………………………………………………
8. Where is Gökçe’s mother?
…………………………………………………………………………
9. My father’s car is blue.
…………………………………………………………………………
10.That rabbit is grey. The rabbit’s ears are long.
………………………………………………………………………….
11.The students’ books are in the classroom.
………………………………………………………………………….
12.This is Mrs. Brown’s coat, but these are the children’s coats.
………………………………………………………………………….
Exercese 3
C. Fill in the blanks using MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, OURS, THEIRS:
1. A: Is this John‟s tie?
B: Yes, it is ………….. .
2. My umbrella isn‟t black. ……………. is grey.
3. There is a car near your house. Is it …………….. ?
4. That green shirt isn‟t Ayşe‟s. ………………. is blue.
5. Pass this ball to us. It is …………… .
6. They don‟t like sandwiches. These sandwiches are not …………….. .
7. Don‟t take these keys. They are not …………….. .
8. A: There is a pair of brown gloves here. Are they your gloves or my gloves?
B: I haven‟t got brown gloves. They aren‟t ………………. , they are ……………… .
9. A: Is their house old?
B: No, ……………… is very old.
10. Can I take your pen? …………….. is at home.
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Exercise 4
D. Complete the passage. Use these words.
my your his her its our their his
Hello. …………… name is Patrick. I‟m nine. I have got a brother. His name is Andy and
he‟s eleven. We are on holiday in Spain. The hotel is very good and …………. swimmingpool is large.
Andy and I have got a sister. ……….. name is Liz. She‟s six years old. …………. mother
and father are in the restaurant now. Their friends, Mr. and Mrs. Bolton, are in the restaurant,
too. …………. two sons are in the pool.
Andy has got a girl-friend. …………… girl-friend‟s name is Sandra. She‟s in ……………
class at school.
Where is your family? Is ……………. family here, too?
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