XLPE Land Cable Systems User´s Guide Rev 5 CONTENT XLPE Land Cable Systems Introduction..................................................................... Design, installation and testing......................................... XLPE cables................................................................ Cable accessories........................................................ Installation of XLPE cable systems................................ Testing of XLPE cable systems..................................... XLPE cable and cable system standards.. ......................... IEC.. ............................................................................ CENELEC.................................................................... ICEA.. .......................................................................... ISO Standards............................................................. XLPE land cable system configurations.. ........................... Trefoil and flat formation............................................... Bonding of metallic screens.. ........................................ Current rating for XLPE land cable systems.. ..................... Current rating for single-core cables............................. Rating factors.............................................................. Overload capacity........................................................ Short-circuit currents................................................... Dynamic forces during short circuit events.................... Cable drums - testing - cable handling............................. Selection of cable drum.. .............................................. Testing of XLPE cables................................................. Cable handling............................................................. XLPE Cable Design.......................................................... Conductors ................................................................ Insulation..................................................................... Metallic screen............................................................. Non-metallic outer sheath ........................................... Conductive outer layer ................................................ Flame retardant outer layer........................................... Fire behavior................................................................ Technical data for XLPE land cable systems.. .................... Formulae......................................................................... Support........................................................................... Checklist for Cable Inquiry............................................... To make sure you have the latest version of this brochure, have a look at www.abb.com/cables 2 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 23 24 25 INTRODUCTION Interfaces you can trust ABB manufactures land and submarine power cables up to the highest voltages available. Furthermore, we produce associated joints, terminations and other accessories for all types of cables. The products are designed to work together as a cable system. Experience you can rely on We have extensive experience of cable projects all over the world, encompassing every aspect from planning to commissioning, including engineering, route surveys, cable-laying, installation and final testing. Very few manufacturers can point to such a long tradition in the high voltage field as ABB. We delivered our first electrical cable in 1883 and introduced triple-extruded XLPE cables around 1970. In the early 1970s we started to supply cables for over 100 kV and our first 245 kV XLPE cable was put into service in 1978. ABB has since then supplied more than 8,800 km of XLPE cables above 100 kV. Experience you can rely on. Research and development ABB has always been a pioneer in the high voltage field and we have many world’s first and world records among our references. But there are no shortcuts to success. Maintaining our position calls for innovative research and development, backed up by the wealth of know-how we have accumulated over the years. One of the driving forces for our R&D is to meet the new and constantly increasing requirements from the power industry and a deregulated market. Today we aim to develop the solutions our customers will need tomorrow. State-of-the-art manufacturing lines Experience and state-of-the-art expertise go hand in hand for us. We have been manufacturing cables for over 125 years and have since the beginning been one of the leading producers. Our manufacturing plants are among the most modern in the world and our advanced quality system leaves nothing to chance. Every cubic millimeter of the cable has to be perfect. We design and produce cables in accordance with international and national standards or/and according to our customers’ specifications. This guide presents XLPE cables and systems for land applications mainly. ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 3 DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND TESTING XLPE cables XLPE cables consist of the following components: −− Conductor Copper (Cu) or Aluminium (Al) stranded compacted conductor or Cu segmental conductor or Cu or Al conductor with key-stone shaped profiles Longitudinal water sealing of conductor −− Triple extruded and dry cured XLPE insulation system − − Metallic screen Copper wire screen Copper tape screen Radial water sealing Metallic laminate solidly bonded to outer polyethylene sheath or Lead sheath Longitudinal water sealing of metallic screen −− Non-metallic outer sheath PE PVC Halogen free flame retardant Co-extruded conductive layer over the sheath for special sheath testing Cable accessories ABB’s line-up of cable accessories for ABB XLPE cable systems includes: −− Straight joints and joints with integrated screen separation for cross bonding − − Transition joints for connection of XLPE to fluidfilled cables − − Outdoor terminations with porcelain or composite insulators − − Screened separable connectors for switchgears and transformers − − Cable terminations for transformers and Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) − − Link boxes for earthing and cross-bonding − − Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Systems with integrated optical fibre in metallic tube (FIMT) More information about our accessories is available on www.abb.com 4 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND TESTING Installation of XLPE cable systems Installation of cable systems includes trenching, cable pulling, clamping of cable, cable splicing as well as mounting of accessories. High quality installation work performed by ABB certified field personnel is essential for achieving the low failure rates and reliability performance that is expected from modern underground transmission and distribution circuits. ABB has long and extensive experience from different types of cable installations including direct burial, duct, shaft, trough, tunnel and submarine installations, but also trenchless technologies like directional drilling, pipe jacking and others. Testing of XLPE cable systems Standard routine tests, sample tests, type tests and after laying tests are normally performed according to IEC-standards. Other international or national standards may be followed upon agreement between contractor and purchaser. Routine tests of XLPE cables and accessories − − PD measurement test − − High-voltage test of main insulation − − Electrical test of oversheath − − Visual inspection Sample tests Sample tests are carried out with a frequency according to applicable IEC standards. −− −− −− −− −− −− Conductor examination Electrical resistance of conductor Check of dimensions Capacitance test Hot set test Electrical tests After laying tests − − DC voltage test of oversheath − − AC voltage test of main insulation ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 5 XLPE CABLE AND CABLE SYSTEM STANDARDS ABB´s XLPE cable systems are designed to meet requirements in international and/or national standards. Some of these are listed below. IEC XLPE cable systems specified according to IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) are among many other standards accepted. IEC standards are considered to express an international consensus of opinion. Some frequently used standards are: IEC 60228 Conductors of insulated cables. IEC 60287 Electric cables - Calculation of the current rating. IEC 60332 Tests on electric cables under fire conditions. IEC 60502 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltage from 1 kV (Um=1,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um=36 kV). IEC 60840 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltage above 30 kV (Um=36 kV) up to 150 kV (Um=170 kV). Test methods and requirements. IEC 60853 Calculation of the cyclic and emergency current rating of cables. IEC 61443 Short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables with rated voltages above 30 kV (Um=36 kV). IEC 62067 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltage above 150 kV (Um=170 kV) up to 500 kV (Um=550 kV). Test methods and requirements. CENELEC In Europe, cable standards are issued by CENELEC. (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.) They are as a rule implementations of the IEC specifications. Special features in design may occur depending on national conditions. HD 620 Distribution cables with extruded insulation for rated voltages from 3.6/6 (7.2) kV up to and including 20.8/36 (42) kV. HD 632 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltage above 36 kV (Um=42 kV) up to 150 kV (Um=170 kV). Part 1- General test requirements. Part 1 is based on IEC 60840, and follows that standard closely. HD 632 is completed with a number of parts and subsections for different cables intended to be used under special conditions which can vary nationally in Europe. ICEA For North America cables are often specified according to ICEA (Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc.). S-97-682 Standard for utility shielded power cables rated 5-46 kV. S-108-720 Standard for extruded insulated power cables rated above 46 through 345 kV. ISO Standards ABB has well-developed systems for quality and environmental management which put the needs and wishes of the customer first. Our systems comply with the requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 and are certified by Bureau Veritas Quality International. ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 Certificate of Approval 6 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS Trefoil and flat formation The three cables in a 3-phase circuit can be placed in different formations. Typical formations include trefoil (triangular) and flat formations. The choice depends on several factors like screen bonding method, conductor area and available space for installation. Trefoil or flat formation Bonding of the metallic screens The electric power losses in a cable circuit are dependent on the currents flowing in the metallic sheaths of the cables. Therefore, by reducing or eliminating the metallic sheath currents through different methods of bonding, it is possible to incresase the load current carrying capacity (ampacity) of the cable circuit. The usual bonding methods are described below: Both-ends bonding A system is both ends bonded if the arrangements are such that the cable sheaths provide path for circulating currents at normal conditions. This will cause losses in the screen, which reduce the cable current carrying capacity. These losses are smaller for cables in trefoil formation than in flat formation with separation. Single-point bonding A system is single point bonded if the arrangements are such that the cable sheaths provide no path for the flow of circulating currents or external fault currents. In such case, a voltage will be induced between screens of adjacent phases of the cable circuit and between screen and earth, but no current will flow. This induced voltage is proportional to the cable length and current. Single-point bonding can only be used for limited route lengths, but in general the accepted screen voltage potential limits the length. Cross-bonding A system is cross-bonded if the arrangements are such that the circuit provides electrically continuous sheath runs from earthed termination to earthed termination but with the sheaths so sectionalized and cross-connected in order to eliminate the sheath circulating currents. In such case, a voltage will be induced between screen and earth, but no significant current will flow. The maximum induced voltage will appear at the link boxes for cross-bonding. This method permits a cable current-carrying capacity as high as with single-point bonding but longer route lengths than the latter. It requires screen separation and additional link boxes. ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 7 CURRENT RATING FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS The XLPE cable should at least have a conductor cross section area adequate to meet the system requirements for power transmission capacity. The cost of energy losses can be reduced by using larger conductor. Continuous current ratings for single-core cables are given in tables 1-4. The continuous current ratings are calculated according to IEC 60287 series of standards and with the following conditions: Load losses in XLPE cables are primarily due to the ohmic losses in the conductor and the metallic screen. XLPE cables can be loaded continuously to a conductor temperature of 90°C. − − One three-phase group of single-core cables − − Ground temperature 20°C − − Ambient air temperature 35°C − − Laying depth L1.0 m − − Distance “s” between cable axes laid in flat formation 70 mm + De − − Ground thermal resistivity 1.0 Km/W The dielectric losses in the XLPE insulation system are present also at no load current and depend primarily on the magnitude of the operating voltage. Dielectric losses in XLPE cables are lower than for EPR and fluid-filled cables. 8 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB Rating factors for single-core cables are given in Tables 5-13. CURRENT RATING FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Current rating for single-core cables, ampères Table 1 Rated voltage 45-66 kV, aluminium conductor – 35 mm2 screen Cross section conductor Cables in Ground Flat formation Cross bonded Cables in Air Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Flat formation Both ends Cross bonded Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Both ends mm2 65oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 95 220 265 215 260 210 250 210 250 230 310 225 305 200 270 200 270 120 250 300 245 295 235 285 240 285 265 355 260 350 230 310 230 315 150 280 335 270 325 265 320 265 320 305 410 290 395 260 355 260 355 185 320 380 300 365 300 360 300 360 350 470 330 445 300 405 300 405 240 370 445 345 420 350 420 350 420 410 555 380 520 355 480 350 480 300 420 500 385 465 395 475 390 470 475 640 430 590 405 550 400 550 400 480 575 430 520 455 545 445 540 555 745 490 675 470 645 465 635 500 550 660 480 585 520 620 505 610 645 870 555 765 550 750 540 735 630 630 755 530 650 590 710 570 690 750 1020 630 870 635 870 620 850 800 710 855 580 710 665 805 640 775 870 1180 700 975 730 1005 705 975 1000 795 960 625 775 740 895 700 855 995 1350 770 1080 830 1140 795 1100 1200 860 1040 660 815 795 965 750 915 1095 1490 820 1155 905 1245 855 1190 1400 920 1115 685 855 845 1030 790 965 1190 1620 870 1225 975 1345 915 1275 1600 970 1175 710 885 890 1080 820 1005 1265 1730 905 1285 1030 1425 965 1350 2000 1060 1285 745 930 960 1170 875 1075 1410 1930 965 1380 1135 1575 1050 1470 Table 2 Rated voltage 45-66 kV, copper conductor – 35 mm2 screen Cross section conductor Segmental conductor for 1200 mm2 or higher Cables in Ground Flat formation Cross bonded Cables in Air Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Flat formation Both ends Cross bonded Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Both ends mm2 65oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 95 285 340 275 330 270 320 270 325 295 400 285 390 255 350 255 350 120 325 380 310 370 305 365 305 365 340 460 325 440 295 400 295 400 150 360 435 340 410 345 410 340 410 390 525 360 495 335 455 335 455 185 410 490 375 455 385 465 385 460 445 600 405 555 385 520 380 520 240 475 570 425 515 450 540 440 530 525 710 465 640 450 615 445 610 300 535 645 465 570 505 610 495 600 605 820 520 720 515 705 505 695 400 610 735 515 630 575 690 560 675 705 955 585 815 595 815 580 800 500 695 835 565 695 650 785 625 760 815 1105 655 910 690 945 665 915 630 790 950 615 760 735 885 695 845 945 1285 725 1015 790 1085 755 1045 800 885 1070 660 820 815 990 765 930 1080 1470 795 1120 895 1230 845 1175 1000 975 1180 700 870 890 1080 820 1005 1215 1660 855 1215 995 1375 930 1295 1200 1130 1365 755 945 1060 1280 930 1145 1450 1965 955 1360 1215 1670 1090 1520 1400 1220 1475 785 985 1140 1380 980 1210 1590 2160 1010 1440 1325 1825 1170 1640 1600 1300 1570 810 1015 1205 1465 1025 1265 1720 2340 1055 1510 1420 1960 1240 1740 2000 1425 1730 840 1060 1315 1600 1085 1345 1915 2620 1110 1595 1570 2175 1335 1885 ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 9 CURRENT RATING FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Table 3 Rated voltage 110-500 kV, aluminium conductor – 95 mm2 screen Cross section conductor Cables in Ground Flat formation Cross bonded Cables in Air Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Flat formation Both ends Cross bonded Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Both ends mm2 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 65 oC 90 oC 300 415 495 365 445 395 475 385 460 465 625 415 565 410 550 400 540 400 470 565 410 500 450 540 435 525 535 715 470 640 475 640 460 625 500 540 645 455 555 515 620 490 595 620 835 530 725 550 745 530 720 630 620 740 500 610 590 710 550 670 730 975 595 820 640 865 605 830 800 700 845 540 665 670 805 610 745 840 1130 660 910 735 995 685 940 1000 785 950 585 720 745 900 670 820 960 1295 720 1005 830 1135 765 1055 1200 850 1025 610 755 805 970 710 870 1055 1420 765 1070 905 1235 825 1140 1400 910 1100 635 785 855 1040 745 915 1140 1545 805 1125 975 1335 880 1220 1600 960 1165 655 815 900 1095 775 955 1220 1650 835 1170 1035 1420 925 1285 2000 1050 1275 685 855 975 1190 820 1015 1355 1840 885 1250 1140 1570 1000 1395 Table 4 Rated voltage 110-500 kV, copper conductor – 95 mm2 screen Cross section conductor Segmental conductor for 1200 mm2 or higher Cables in Ground Flat formation Cross bonded Cables in Air Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Flat formation Both ends Cross bonded Trefoil formation Both ends Cross bonded Both ends 65 C 90 C 65 C 90 C 65 C 90 C 65 C 90 C 65 C 90 C 65 C 90 C 65 C 90 C 65 oC 90 oC 300 530 640 440 535 505 610 480 580 600 805 500 685 525 710 500 685 400 600 720 485 595 575 690 540 650 680 915 565 775 605 820 575 785 500 685 825 530 650 655 785 600 730 790 1060 625 860 695 945 650 895 630 780 940 570 705 740 890 660 810 915 1235 685 950 800 1085 735 1010 mm 2 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 800 870 1055 610 755 825 995 720 885 1045 1415 745 1040 905 1235 815 1130 1000 960 1165 645 800 900 1095 770 950 1175 1590 800 1125 1005 1380 895 1245 1200 1115 1345 690 860 1060 1280 855 1055 1395 1880 880 1240 1210 1650 1025 1425 1400 1205 1455 715 890 1145 1385 895 1110 1530 2065 920 1300 1320 1800 1090 1525 1600 1280 1550 735 920 1215 1470 930 1155 1655 2235 960 1355 1420 1940 1150 1615 2000 1410 1705 765 955 1320 1605 980 1220 1845 2500 1000 1425 1565 2145 1230 1740 2500 1540 1875 795 1000 1445 1755 1025 1285 2095 2845 1065 1515 1750 2410 1330 1890 10 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB CURRENT RATING FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Rating factors Rating factors for cross section area of the metal screen of single core cables. The rating factor is applicable to single-core cables in flat and trefoil formation with the screens bonded at both ends. The rating factor does not apply to single-point bonding or cross-bonded systems. Table 5 45-66 kV 35 mm2 screen Table 6 110-500 kV 95 mm2 screen Rating factor for tables 1 and 2 Rating factor for tables 3 and 4 Conductor mm Conductor mm 2 Al Cu 35 50 95 150 240 300 Al 2 Cu 50 95 150 240 300 1 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 300 1.01 1 0.99 0.98 0.97 500 300 1 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.93 500 300 1.02 1 0.98 0.96 0.96 800 500 1 0.99 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.90 800 500 1.03 1 0.97 0.94 0.94 1200 630 1 0.99 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.88 1200 630 1.04 1 0.97 0.93 0.92 2000 300 2000 800 1 0.98 0.94 0.91 0.87 0.86 800 1.04 1 0.96 0.92 0.91 1200 1 0.97 0.91 0.85 0.81 0.80 1200 1.07 1 0.94 0.89 0.88 2000 1 0.96 0.88 0.82 0.77 0.76 2000 1.09 1 0.93 0.87 0.86 1 mm copper screen is equivalent to: 1.66 mm 2 aluminium sheath 12.40 mm 2 lead sheath 2 Rating factor for ground temperature Table 7 Table 8 Rating factor for ground temperature Rating factor for laying depth Laying depth, m Rating factor 0.50 0.70 Ground temperature, oC 1.10 Conductor temperature, oC 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1.05 90 1.07 1.04 1 0.96 0.93 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.90 1.01 65 1.11 1.05 1 0.94 0.88 0.82 0.74 0.66 1.00 1.00 1.20 0.98 1.50 0.95 Table 9 Rating factor for ground thermal resistivity Thermal resistivity, Km/W Rating factor 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1.14 1.00 0.93 0.84 0.74 0.67 0.61 Table 10 Rating factor for phase spacing One group in flat formation with cross-bonded or single-bonded screens Spacing s, mm De De+70 250 0.93 1.00 1.05 Cable diam, mm <80 300 350 400 1.08 1.09 Rating factor 1.07 81-110 0.93 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.09 111-140 0.93 1.00 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.11 ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 11 CURRENT RATING FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Table 11 Rating factor for groups of cables in the ground Distance cc between groups, mm Number of groups 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 1 0.78 0.66 0.60 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.45 200 1 0.81 0.70 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.54 0.52 400 1 0.86 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.61 600 1 0.89 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.69 800 1 0.91 0.83 0.81 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.75 0.74 2000 1 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.90 Rating factor for cables installed in pipes in the ground Table 12 Rating factor for cables in pipes in ground The rating factor given for single-core cables partially installed in separate pipes, applies only when a cable section between screen earthing points must be partially laid in pipes, under the following conditions: −− the cables are laid in trefoil formation over the major portion of the section − − the pipes are laid in flat formation − − the piped length is less than 10% of the section between earthing points − − one cable per pipe − − the pipe diameter is two times the cable diameter. Single-core cables partially installed in separate pipes Single-core cables in separate pipes Single-core cables in a common pipe Three-core cable in a pipe 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.90 Rating factor for cables installed in air Table 13 Rating factor for ambient air temperature Air temperature, o C 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Rating factor 1.28 1.24 1.19 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.0 0.95 0.89 0.83 0.77 Example of the use of rating factors 2 groups of 66 kV XLPE cables with aluminium conductors 1 x 500/150 mm2 in the ground in trefoil formation. Metal screens bonded at both ends, 90°C conductor temperature. Table 1 gives current rating 610 A, unadjusted value. Current rating Screen area Laying depth Ground temperature Table Rating factor 610 A 1 - 150 mm 2 5 0.95 1.5 m 7 0.95 30ºC 8 0.93 Ground thermal resistivity 1.5 Km/W 9 0.84 Distance between groups 400 mm 11 0.85 (2 groups) Adjusted current rating per group; 610 x 0.95 x 0.95 x 0.93 x 0.84 x 0.85 = 365 A Please note that use of rating factors gives good general indication during planning future circuits. Once a circuit layout is defined, an accurate calculation should be performed to confirm the assumptions. Overload capacity Short-circuit currents An XLPE cable may be overloaded up to 105°C. Singular emergency events are not expected to have any significant impact on the service life of the cable. The number of and the duration of overloads should be kept low, though. Cyclic and emergency ratings can be calculated according to IEC publication 60853. During short circuit events the maximum allowable temperature in conductor or screen/metallic sheath is determined by the adjoining insulation and sheath materials. This is specified in IEC 61443 “Short circuit temperature limits of electric cables with rated voltage above 30 kV (Um=36 kV). The dynamic forces between the conductors must be taken into account for cable installations. 12 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB CURRENT RATING FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Maximum short circuit currents due to thermal restrictions The thermal energy developed during a short-circuit is determined by the short-circuit magnitude and duration. For design purposes, an equivalent short-circuit current with a duration of 1 sec is used according to formula below. This formula is valid for a short-circuit duration of 0.2 to 5.0 sec. Lead sheath temperatures of up to 210 oC are permitted in connection with short circuit events. With an initial temperature of 50 oC this corresponds to a current density of 28 A/mm 2 during 1 s. Ish= short-circuit current [kA] during time tsh I1 = short-circuit current rating during 1 second. See the 1 second value in Table 14 for the conductor and in Table 15 for the metal screen. t sh= short-circuit duration (sec) For XLPE insulated conductors the maximum allowable short circuit temperature is 250oC. Table 14 Max. short-circuit current on the conductor during 1 s, kA Conductor temperature before the short-circuit Cross section Aluminium conductor Copper screens may reach a temperature of 250 oC without damaging adjacent insulating material. With an initial temperature of 50 oC this corresponds to a current density of 165 A/ mm 2 during 1s (both higher and lower current densities may be allowed if other conditions apply). Table 15 Max. short-circuit current on the screen during 1 s, kA Metallic screen cross section, mm 2 Copper screen Lead sheath 50 oC 70oC 35 206 5.8 5.4 50 295 8.3 7.7 95 560 16 15 150 884 25 23 300 1768 50 46 0.165 0.153 0.028 0.026 per mm Cu 2 per mm2 Pb Copper conductor mm2 65 oC 90oC 65oC 90oC 35 3.6 3.3 5.5 5.0 50 5.2 4.7 7.8 7.2 70 7.2 6.6 11.0 10.0 95 9.8 9.0 14.9 13.6 120 12.4 11.3 18.8 17.2 150 15.5 14.2 23.5 21.5 185 19.2 17.5 29.0 26.5 240 24.8 22.7 37.6 34.5 300 31.1 28.3 47.0 42.9 400 41.4 37.8 62.7 57.2 500 51.8 47.2 78.4 71.5 630 65.2 59.5 98.7 90.1 800 82.8 75.6 125 114 1000 104 94.5 157 143 1200 124 113 188 172 1400 145 132 219 200 1600 166 151 251 229 2000 207 189 313 286 per mm2 0.104 0.0945 0.157 0.143 Metallic screen temperature before the short-circuit Dynamic forces during short circuit events In addition to the thermal stresses, the dynamic forces in the cables and accessories during a short circuit event must also be considered. The dynamic effect of parallel conductors carrying current is responsible for the dynamic force. The dynamic force between two conductors, can be calculated as: Where; Ipeak = 2.5 I sh [kA] I sh = Short-circuit current [kA] RMS S = Centre to centre spacing between conductors [m] F = Maximum force [N/m] ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 13 CABLE DRUMS - TESTING - CABLE HANDLING Selection of cable drum Wooden drums/reels are standardized. For certain purposes steel drums/reels are applicable. Both wooden and steeldrums can be obtained for special purposes with other dimensions than stated below. Table 16 Cable lenghts in meters on standard wooden drums and steel drums Wooden drum Dia. mm K16 K18 K20 K22 K24 K26 Steel drum K28 K30 K32120 K32122 St 30 St 32 St 34 St 35 St 36 St 37 St 38 St 39 St 40 36 762 856 1158 1560 2091 38 638 826 1124 1353 1858 2576 40 614 690 948 1158 1636 2300 3288 42 501 662 877 1071 1516 2166 3277 4119 44 480 539 721 1031 1315 1910 2816 3764 4468 46 457 514 692 861 1265 1856 2521 3584 4302 3419 48 360 488 662 824 1079 1616 2460 3246 3754 3277 50 363 409 557 709 1089 1564 2179 2921 3690 2848 2897 52 344 386 531 677 915 1342 1837 2752 3179 2718 2780 3522 54 323 363 505 643 871 1292 1855 2450 3116 2660 2661 3376 4136 56 261 366 478 610 827 1090 1796 2382 2645 2205 2274 2956 3683 4064 58 244 275 389 511 722 1044 1553 2098 2584 2152 2166 2819 3517 3883 3789 60 246 277 366 482 682 1052 1496 2120 2523 2097 2118 2760 3446 3806 3710 3581 62 229 257 368 485 687 869 1274 1849 2169 1751 1771 2379 3031 3374 3266 3126 3233 64 259 346 456 548 827 1284 1785 2112 1703 1728 2323 2963 3300 3191 3052 3156 3259 66 239 348 370 552 833 1230 1536 2054 1653 1684 2266 2575 2894 3115 2977 3077 3178 3278 68 240 324 345 516 789 1028 1550 1733 1604 1639 1918 2511 2824 2705 2559 2647 2735 2822 70 185 251 347 519 674 1036 1489 1680 1301 1594 1867 2446 2752 2634 2490 2575 2660 2744 72 169 233 322 482 636 986 1261 1627 1258 1294 1814 2380 2380 2562 2419 2501 2583 2665 74 234 323 402 640 993 1271 1636 1263 1255 1761 2031 2313 2190 2043 2427 2184 2254 76 235 325 404 601 811 1213 1348 1219 1215 1456 1971 2244 2123 1979 2047 2115 2183 78 216 299 373 605 816 1223 1300 1175 1220 1463 1982 2259 2135 1988 2056 2124 2192 80 217 231 375 503 771 1015 1307 1180 1180 1416 1920 1920 2067 1924 1989 2054 2120 82 218 232 377 470 776 1022 1258 921 1140 1368 1607 1857 1733 1858 1921 1984 2047 84 199 212 276 473 660 969 1209 884 926 1374 1615 1868 1741 1594 1649 1704 1759 86 143 213 277 438 619 976 1215 887 892 1326 1559 1804 1680 1537 1589 1642 1695 88 214 279 441 623 844 969 849 895 1108 1567 1567 1688 1543 1596 1649 1701 90 214 280 443 627 796 973 852 861 1066 1510 1510 1625 1485 1535 1586 1636 92 194 253 356 585 801 931 814 826 1024 1232 1452 1329 1426 1474 1523 1571 94 194 254 328 589 753 935 817 829 1028 1238 1459 1335 1432 1480 1528 1577 96 330 485 757 892 778 794 985 1187 1400 1280 1144 1183 1223 1263 98 331 452 641 895 605 797 989 1193 1193 1285 1148 1187 1227 1267 100 333 455 645 899 606 617 994 1198 1198 1291 1152 1191 1231 1271 102 304 457 602 688 576 590 764 1147 1147 1235 1101 1139 1176 1214 104 305 421 606 690 578 592 767 954 1152 1029 1105 1142 1180 1218 106 306 423 609 654 547 564 731 910 1099 981 1053 1089 1125 1161 657 548 985 1057 1093 1128 1164 110 550 989 1060 1096 1132 1168 112 519 940 813 841 870 898 114 520 944 816 844 872 900 116 522 895 773 799 826 853 118 775 801 828 855 120 777 804 830 857 122 779 806 833 859 124 736 761 786 811 126 738 763 788 813 128 765 790 815 130 719 743 766 132 721 745 768 134 576 595 136 577 596 108 138 558 140 559 142 560 14 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB CABLE DRUMS - TESTING - CABLE HANDLING Sizes and weights of wooden drums and steel drums Table 17 Wooden drums - drum type K22 K24 K26 K28 K30 K321-20 K321-22 Shipping volume m3 2.86 3.58 5.12 6.15 7.36 10.56 13.88 17.15 23.55 23.55 Drumweight incl. battens kg 275 320 485 565 625 1145 1460 1820 2000 2000 a Diameter incl. battens mm 1675 1875 2075 2275 2475 2676 2876 3076 3276 3276 b Flange diameter mm 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3200 c Barrel diameter mm 950 1100 1300 1400 1400 1500 1500 1500 2000 2200 d Total width mm 1018 1075 1188 1188 1200 1448 1650 1800 2300 2300 e Spindle hole diameter mm 106 131 131 131 131 132 132 132 132 132 kg 2500 3000 3500 4500 5000 10000 12000 13000 13000 13000 Max. load K16 K18 K20 Steel drums - drum type St 30 St 32 St 34 St 35 St 36 St 37 St 38 St 39 Shipping volume m3 23.5 26.6 28.9 31.6 33.4 35.2 37 38.9 St 40 40.9 Drumweight incl. battens kg 1700 2200 2600 2700 2800 3000 3100 3300 3500 a Diameter incl. battens mm 3130 3330 3530 3630 3730 3830 3930 4030 4130 b Flange diameter mm 3000 3200 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 c Barrel diameter* mm 2000 2000 2000 2000 2200 2400 2500 2600 2700 d Total width mm 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 e Spindle hole diameter mm 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 kg 24000 24000 24000 24000 24000 24000 24000 24000 24000 Max. load * May vary depending on cable design Large and special drums Steel drums with larger outer diameters are available, but transport restrictions have to be considered. Special lowloading trailers and permits from traffic authorities might be needed depending on local regulations and conditions. a b c d e Diameter incl. battens Flange diameter Barrel diameter Total width Spindle hole diameter Special wooden drums with larger barrel diameter or larger width are also available. Cable handling Testing of XLPE cables Minimum bending radius Table 18 Table 19 Rated voltage and corresponding test voltages according to IEC Type test Nominal voltage Minimum bending radius for single core cables Routine tests Impulse voltage Partial discharge test at AC voltage test kV kV kV Duration minutes 45 250 65 30 39 66 325 90 30 54 110 550 160 30 96 132 650 190 30 114 kV 150 750 218 30 131 220 1050 318 30 190 275 1050 400 30 240 330 1175 420 60 285 400 1425 440 60 330 500 1550 580 60 435 Std cable design* Special cable design** At laying 15 De 18 De When installed 10 De 12 De De is the external diameter of the cable * Cu-wire screen only ** Metallic laminated or lead sheathed cables or cables with integrated optic fibers Maximum pulling forces The following pulling forces should not be exceeded: Aluminium conductors 40 N/mm2 (4 kg/mm2) Copper conductors 70 N/mm2 (7 kg/mm2) Maximum side wall pressure (SWP) The following SWPs should not be exceeded: Buried installation (rollers placed close) 500 kg /m* Duct installation 750 kg/m* F Tests according to other standards can be carried out upon agreement. R * Depending on cable design and installation conditions higher values may be accepted. ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 15 XLPE CABLE DESIGN Conductors Table 21 Table 20 ICEA IEC Cross section Diameter approx. Maximum d.c. resistance at 20 oC, ohm/km Diameter approx. Cross section mm 2 mm aluminium copper 85 10.7 0.383 0.206 mm 2 kcmil mm aluminium copper AWG 95 187 11.2 0.320 0.193 3/0 120 237 12.8 0.253 0.153 4/0 107 12.1 0.269 0.164 150 296 14.2 0.206 0.124 250 127 13.2 0.228 0.139 185 365 15.9 0.164 0.0991 300 152 14.5 0.190 0.116 240 474 18.0 0.125 0.0754 350 177 15.6 0.162 0.0990 300 592 20.5 0.100 0.0601 500 253 18.7 0.114 0.0695 400 789 23.1 0.0778 0.0470 750 380 23.0 0.0759 0.0462 500 987 26.4 0.0605 0.0366 1000 507 26.9 0.0563 0.0347 630 1243 30.2 0.0469 0.0283 1250 633 30.2 0.0454 0.0278 800 1579 33.9 0.0367 0.0221 1500 760 33.5 0.0380 0.0231 1000 1973 37.9 0.0291 0.0176 1750 887 36.2 0.0325 0.0198 1200 2368 44* 0.0247 0.0151 2000 1013 38.0 0.0285 0.0173 1600 3158 52* 0.0186 0.0113 2500 1267 45* 0.0230 0.0140 2000 3944 56* 0.0149 0.0090 3000 1520 48* 0.0189 0.0117 2500 4931 66* 0.0120 0.0072 3500 1773 52.5* 0.0164 0.0100 4000 2027 55* 0.0143 0.0087 * Segmented Cu conductor including tapes kcmil Nominal d.c. resistance at 20 oC, ohm/km ** 1 ohm/100 ft = 3.28 ohm/km * Segmented Cu conductor including tapes ** The maximum value can be 2% higher Standards – IEC and ICEA Conductors are manufactured according to the following standards: IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Standard Publication 60228, Class 2: Stranded circular or shaped conductors of copper or aluminium. ICEA, Standard Publication No. S-97-682, further specified in ASTM B 400-18 for aluminium, ASTM B 496-81 for copper. 16 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB Conductor water sealing If required, the conductor can be water sealed by: − − Swelling material between the conductor strands. This material turns into jelly when in contact with water. − − Filling compound between the conductor strands. XLPE CABLE DESIGN Insulation Conductor screen The conductor screen consists of an extruded layer firmly bonded to the XLPE insulation. A very smooth material is used to obtain good electrical performance. XLPE insulation The XLPE insulation is extruded simultaneously with the conductor screen and the insulation screen, e.g. triple extrusion. The interface surfaces between insulation and conductive screens are not exposed at any stage of the manufacturing. High quality material-handling systems, triple extrusion, dry curing and super-clean XLPE materials guarantee high quality products. The insulation thickness is determined by the design electrical stresses for AC or impulse. The actual thickness for different voltage levels and conductor sizes is given in Tables 22 to 32. Insulation screen This screen consists of an extruded layer firmly bonded to the XLPE insulation. The material is a high quality conductive compound. The interface between the screen and the insulation is smooth. Metallic screen Copper wire screen, standard design A polymeric sheath covers the copper wire screen. Copper wire screen, water tight design Radial water sealing is achieved by using a metal-PE laminate. The metal is normally aluminium. Copper may also be used. The laminate is bonded to the polyethylene, which gives excellent mechanical properties. Longitudinal water sealing is achieved by using a water swelling material at the copper wires or swelling powder between the screen wires. Lead sheath Radial water sealing achieved by a corrosion resistant lead sheath. Longitudinal water sealing is achieved by using a water swelling material applied under the lead sheath. Copper tape screen Cross section defined by the geometrical cross section of the copper tapes. ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 17 XLPE CABLE DESIGN Non-metallic outer sheath PE or PVC are normally used for the non-metallic outer sheath. IEC 60502 recommends a thickness of t = 0.035 x D + 1.0 mm, where D is the diameter under the sheath. For heavy installations a larger thickness is recommended. PE is the first choice for most applications. PVC is used when there are high requirements on fire retardation behaviour. Conductive outer layer A conductive outer layer facilitates testing of the non-metallic outer sheath. This testing is important to ensure the physical integrity of the cable from time to time, either in factory, after transportation, directly after laying, upon completion of the installation, or periodically thereafter. A conductive outer layer obtained by simultaneous extrusion with the non-conductive outer sheath presents superior electrical and structural properties. Flame retardant outer layer For PE-sheathed cables a halogen free and flame retardant layer can be applied in order to limit the fire spread in buildings and tunnel installations. Fire behavior This relates to cables in buildings and tunnels. Several serious fire accidents have focused attention on the fire behaviour of cables. Experience shows that cables seldom initiate fires. However, in some cases cable installations have influenced the extent of a fire, as a propagator of flames and/ or as a source of intense aggressive smoke. Cables having a PVC sheath are considered as flame retardant. However, once PVC is on fire, it generates hydrochloric acid fumes (HCl) acid. This gas is highly corrosive and irritating to inhale. Cables with a standard PE outer sheath do not generate any corrosive HCl but are not flame retardant. Special polyolefines with flame retardant properties but without chlorine or any other halogenes are optional for the outer sheath. 18 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB TECHNICAL DATA FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Crosssection of conductor Diameter of conductor Insulation thickness Diameter over insulation Crosssection of screen Outer diameter of cable Cable weight (Al-conductor) Cable weight (Cu-conductor) Capacitance Charging current per phase at 50 Hz Inductance Surge impedance mm2 mm mm mm mm2 mm kg/m kg/m µF/km A/km mH/km mH/km Ω 40.0 1.4 2.0 0.18 1.5 0.44 0.69 35.6 Table 22 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 45 kV (Um = 52 kV) 95 11.2 8.0 29.6 25 120 12.6 8.0 31.0 25 41.6 1.5 2.3 0.19 1.6 0.43 0.67 33.2 150 14.2 8.0 32.6 35 44.0 1.8 2.7 0.21 1.7 0.41 0.65 31.0 185 15.8 8.0 34.2 35 45.6 1.9 3.1 0.22 1.8 0.40 0.63 28.9 240 18.1 8.0 36.5 35 48.1 2.2 3.7 0.24 2.0 0.38 0.61 26.4 300 20.4 8.0 38.8 35 50.6 2.5 4.3 0.26 2.1 0.37 0.59 24.4 400 23.2 8.0 41.6 35 53.6 2.9 5.3 0.29 2.3 0.36 0.57 22.3 500 26.2 8.0 45.0 35 57.2 3.3 6.4 0.32 2.6 0.34 0.55 20.4 630 29.8 8.0 48.6 35 61.0 3.8 7.7 0.35 2.8 0.33 0.53 18.5 800 33.7 8.0 52.5 35 65.7 4.5 9.5 0.38 3.1 0.32 0.51 17.0 1000 37.9 8.0 57.3 35 70.9 5.3 11.6 0.42 3.5 0.31 0.50 15.5 1200 42.8 8.0 63.8 35 77.8 6.3 13.8 0.48 3.9 0.31 0.48 14.2 1400 46.4 8.0 67.4 35 81.6 7.0 15.8 0.51 4.2 0.30 0.47 13.4 1600 49.8 8.0 70.8 35 85.2 7.8 17.7 0.54 4.4 0.30 0.46 12.6 2000 54.4 8.0 75.4 35 90.6 9.2 21.6 0.58 4.8 0.29 0.45 11.8 Table 23 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 66 kV (Um = 72.5 kV) 95 11.2 9.0 31.6 25 42.2 1.5 2.1 0.16 2.0 0.45 0.70 38.0 120 12.6 9.0 33.0 25 43.8 1.7 2.4 0.18 2.1 0.44 0.68 35.5 150 14.2 9.0 34.6 35 46.0 1.9 2.8 0.19 2.3 0.42 0.65 33.1 185 15.8 9.0 36.2 35 47.8 2.1 3.2 0.20 2.4 0.41 0.64 31.0 240 18.1 9.0 38.5 35 50.3 2.3 3.8 0.22 2.6 0.39 0.61 28.4 300 20.4 9.0 40.8 35 52.8 2.6 4.5 0.24 2.9 0.38 0.59 26.2 400 23.2 9.0 43.6 35 55.8 3.0 5.5 0.26 3.1 0.36 0.57 24.0 500 26.2 9.0 47.0 35 59.4 3.5 6.6 0.29 3.4 0.35 0.55 22.0 630 29.8 9.0 50.6 35 63.2 4.0 7.9 0.32 3.8 0.34 0.53 20.0 800 33.7 9.0 54.5 35 67.9 4.7 9.7 0.35 4.1 0.33 0.52 18.4 1000 37.9 9.0 59.3 35 72.9 5.5 11.8 0.38 4.6 0.32 0.50 16.8 1200 42.8 9.0 65.8 35 79.8 6.5 14.0 0.43 5.2 0.31 0.49 15.4 1400 46.4 9.0 69.4 35 83.8 7.3 16.0 0.46 5.5 0.31 0.47 14.5 1600 49.8 9.0 72.8 35 87.4 8.0 18.0 0.49 5.9 0.30 0.47 13.7 2000 54.4 9.0 77.4 35 92.8 9.5 21.9 0.52 6.3 0.30 0.45 12.8 ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 19 TECHNICAL DATA FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Crosssection of conductor Diameter of conductor Insulation thickness Diameter over insulation Crosssection of screen Outer diameter of cable Cable weight (Al-conductor) Cable weight (Cu-conductor) Capacitance Charging current per phase at 50 Hz Inductance Surge impedance mm2 mm mm mm mm2 mm kg/m kg/m µF/km A/km mH/km mH/km Ω Table 24 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 70 kV (Um=84 kV) 150 14.2 10.0 36.6 35 48.2 2.0 3.0 0.18 2.2 0.43 0.66 35.2 185 15.8 10.0 38.2 35 50.0 2.2 3.4 0.19 2.4 0.42 0.64 33.0 240 18.1 10.0 40.5 35 52.3 2.5 4.0 0.20 2.6 0.40 0.62 30.2 300 20.4 10.0 42.8 35 54.8 2.8 4.6 0.22 2.8 0.39 0.60 28.0 400 23.2 10.0 45.6 35 57.8 3.2 5.7 0.24 3.1 0.37 0.58 25.6 500 26.2 10.0 49.0 35 61.4 3.6 6.7 0.26 3.4 0.36 0.56 23.5 630 29.8 10.0 52.6 35 65.4 4.2 8.1 0.29 3.7 0.35 0.54 21.4 800 33.7 10.0 56.5 35 69.9 4.9 9.9 0.32 4.0 0.33 0.52 19.7 1000 37.9 10.0 61.3 35 75.1 5.8 12.0 0.35 4.5 0.33 0.50 18.0 1200 42.8 10.0 67.8 35 82.0 6.8 14.3 0.40 5.0 0.32 0.49 16.5 1400 46.4 10.0 71.4 35 85.8 7.5 16.3 0.42 5.4 0.31 0.48 15.5 1600 49.8 10.0 74.8 35 90.0 8.4 18.3 0.45 5.7 0.31 0.47 14.8 2000 54.4 10.0 79.4 35 94.8 9.7 22.2 0.48 6.1 0.30 0.46 13.8 63.3 3.7 4.9 0.14 2.7 0.47 0.66 43.0 Table 25 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 110 kV (Um = 123 kV) 185 15.8 16.0 50.2 95 240 18.1 15.0 50.5 95 63.6 3.9 5.4 0.15 3.1 0.44 0.63 38.4 300 20.4 14.0 50.8 95 63.9 4.0 5.9 0.17 3.5 0.42 0.61 34.3 400 23.2 13.0 51.6 95 64.9 4.3 6.8 0.20 4.0 0.39 0.59 30.2 500 26.2 13.0 55.0 95 68.5 4.8 7.9 0.22 4.3 0.38 0.57 27.8 630 29.8 13.0 58.6 95 72.3 5.3 9.3 0.24 4.7 0.37 0.55 25.5 800 33.7 13.0 62.5 95 76.8 6.1 11.1 0.26 5.2 0.35 0.53 23.5 1000 37.9 13.0 67.3 95 82.0 7.0 13.2 0.28 5.7 0.34 0.51 21.6 1200 42.8 13.0 73.8 95 89.5 8.2 15.6 0.32 6.4 0.34 0.50 19.8 1400 46.4 13.0 77.4 95 93.3 9.0 17.7 0.34 6.8 0.33 0.49 18.7 1600 49.8 13.0 80.8 95 96.9 9.7 19.7 0.36 7.1 0.32 0.48 17.7 2000 54.4 13.0 85.4 95 101.9 11.2 23.6 0.38 7.6 0.31 0.46 16.6 2500 62.0 13.0 93.0 95 109.9 13.1 28.7 0.42 8.5 0.30 0.45 14.9 20 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB TECHNICAL DATA FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Crosssection of conductor Diameter of conductor Insulation thickness Diameter over insulation Crosssection of screen Outer diameter of cable Cable weight (Al-conductor) Cable weight (Cu-conductor) Capacitance Charging current per phase at 50 Hz Inductance Surge impedance mm2 mm mm mm mm2 mm kg/m kg/m µF/km A/km mH/km mH/km Ω Table 26 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 132 kV (Um = 145 kV) 185 15.8 18.0 54.2 95 67.5 4.1 5.3 0.13 3.0 0.48 0.67 45.8 240 18.1 17.0 54.5 95 68.0 4.3 5.8 0.14 3.4 0.45 0.64 41.1 300 20.4 16.0 54.8 95 68.3 4.4 6.3 0.16 3.8 0.43 0.62 37.1 400 23.2 15.0 55.6 95 69.1 4.6 7.1 0.18 4.3 0.41 0.59 33.0 500 26.2 15.0 59.0 95 72.7 5.2 8.3 0.20 4.7 0.39 0.57 30.4 630 29.8 15.0 62.6 95 76.5 5.8 9.7 0.21 5.1 0.38 0.55 27.9 800 33.7 15.0 66.5 95 81.2 6.6 11.5 0.23 5.5 0.36 0.54 25.8 1000 37.9 15.0 71.3 95 86.4 7.5 13.7 0.25 6.1 0.35 0.52 23.7 1200 42.8 15.0 77.8 95 93.7 8.7 16.2 0.29 6.8 0.35 0.50 21.8 1400 46.4 15.0 81.4 95 97.5 9.5 18.2 0.30 7.2 0.34 0.49 20.6 1600 49.8 15.0 84.8 95 101.1 10.3 20.3 0.32 7.6 0.33 0.48 19.5 2000 54.4 15.0 89.4 95 106.1 11.8 24.2 0.34 8.1 0.32 0.47 18.3 2500 62.0 15.0 97.0 95 114.3 13.8 29.3 0.38 9.0 0.31 0.45 16.5 76.4 5.1 6.6 0.12 3.4 0.48 0.65 46.2 Table 27 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 150 kV (Um = 170 kV) 240 18.1 21.0 62.5 95 300 20.4 20.0 62.8 95 76.7 5.2 7.1 0.14 3.7 0.45 0.63 42.0 400 23.2 19.0 63.6 95 77.7 5.5 8.0 0.15 4.2 0.43 0.61 37.9 500 26.2 18.0 65.0 95 79.1 5.8 8.9 0.17 4.7 0.41 0.58 34.0 630 29.8 17.0 66.6 95 80.9 6.2 10.2 0.19 5.3 0.39 0.56 30.2 800 33.7 17.0 70.5 95 85.4 7.0 12.0 0.21 5.7 0.37 0.54 27.9 1000 37.9 17.0 75.3 95 91.0 8.1 14.3 0.23 6.3 0.36 0.52 25.8 1200 42.8 17.0 81.8 95 97.9 9.3 16.7 0.26 7.0 0.35 0.51 23.7 1400 46.4 17.0 85.4 95 101.9 10.1 18.8 0.27 7.4 0.35 0.50 22.4 1600 49.8 17.0 88.8 95 105.5 11.0 20.9 0.29 7.8 0.34 0.49 21.2 2000 54.4 17.0 93.4 95 110.3 12.4 24.9 0.31 8.3 0.33 0.47 19.9 2500 62.0 17.0 101.0 95 118.5 14.5 30.0 0.34 9.2 0.32 0.46 18.0 94.0 8.3 11.4 0.14 5.8 0.44 0.60 40.2 Table 28 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 220 kV (Um = 245 kV) 500 26.2 24.0 77.6 185 630 29.8 23.0 79.2 185 95.8 8.8 12.7 0.16 6.4 0.42 0.58 36.4 800 33.7 23.0 83.1 185 100.3 9.7 14.7 0.17 6.9 0.41 0.56 33.8 1000 37.9 23.0 87.3 185 104.9 10.7 16.9 0.19 7.4 0.39 0.54 31.3 1200 42.8 23.0 93.8 185 111.8 12.0 19.4 0.21 8.2 0.38 0.52 28.8 1400 46.4 23.0 97.4 185 115.6 12.9 21.6 0.22 8.7 0.37 0.51 27.3 1600 49.8 23.0 100.8 185 119.2 13.8 23.7 0.23 9.1 0.36 0.50 26.0 2000 54.4 23.0 105.4 185 124.2 15.4 27.8 0.24 9.7 0.35 0.49 24.5 2500 62.0 23.0 113.0 185 132.4 17.6 33.1 0.27 10.6 0.34 0.47 22.3 ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 21 TECHNICAL DATA FOR XLPE LAND CABLE SYSTEMS Crosssection of conductor Diameter of conductor Insulation thickness Diameter over insulation Crosssection of screen Outer diameter of cable Cable weight (Al-conductor) Cable weight (Cu-conductor) Capacitance Charging current per phase at 50 Hz Inductance Surge impedance mm2 mm mm mm mm2 mm kg/m kg/m µF/km A/km mH/km mH/km Ω 98.2 8.9 12.0 0.14 6.8 0.45 0.61 42.1 Table 29 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 275 kV (Um = 300 kV) 500 26.2 26.0 81.6 185 630 29.8 24.0 81.2 185 97.8 9.0 13.0 0.16 7.7 0.43 0.58 37.3 800 33.7 24.0 85.1 185 102.5 10.0 15.0 0.17 8.3 0.41 0.56 34.7 1000 37.9 24.0 89.3 185 106.9 11.0 17.2 0.18 9.0 0.40 0.54 32.2 1200 42.8 24.0 95.8 185 114.0 12.3 19.8 0.20 10.0 0.38 0.53 29.6 1400 46.4 24.0 99.4 185 117.8 13.2 22.0 0.21 10.5 0.37 0.51 28.1 1600 49.8 24.0 102.8 185 121.4 14.2 24.1 0.22 11.0 0.37 0.50 26.8 2000 54.4 24.0 107.4 185 126.4 15.8 28.2 0.23 11.7 0.36 0.49 25.2 2500 62.0 24.0 115.0 185 134.4 17.9 33.5 0.26 12.8 0.34 0.47 22.9 8.4 0.44 0.59 40.8 Table 30 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 330 kV (Um = 362 kV) 630 29.8 28.0 89.2 185 106.4 10.3 14.2 0.14 800 33.7 27.0 91.1 185 108.9 10.9 15.9 0.15 9.3 0.42 0.57 37.2 1000 37.9 26.0 93.3 185 111.3 11.6 17.8 0.17 10.2 0.40 0.55 33.8 1200 42.8 25.0 97.8 185 116.0 12.6 20.1 0.19 11.6 0.39 0.53 30.4 1400 46.4 25.0 101.4 185 120.0 13.6 22.3 0.20 12.2 0.38 0.52 28.8 1600 49.8 25.0 104.8 185 123.6 14.5 24.5 0.21 12.8 0.37 0.51 27.5 2000 54.4 25.0 109.4 185 128.4 16.1 28.6 0.23 13.6 0.36 0.49 25.9 2500 62.0 25.0 117.0 185 136.6 18.4 33.9 0.25 14.9 0.35 0.48 23.6 Table 31 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 400 kV (Um = 420 kV) 630 29.8 32.0 98.2 185 116.0 11.7 15.7 0.13 9.6 0.46 0.60 43.7 800 33.7 30.0 98.1 185 116.3 12.1 17.1 0.15 10.7 0.44 0.58 39.4 1000 37.9 29.0 100.3 185 118.7 12.8 19.0 0.16 11.7 0.42 0.56 36.0 1200 42.8 27.0 101.8 185 120.4 13.4 20.8 0.18 13.3 0.40 0.53 31.9 1400 46.4 27.0 105.4 185 124.2 14.3 23.0 0.19 14.0 0.39 0.52 30.2 1600 49.8 27.0 108.8 185 127.8 15.3 25.2 0.20 14.7 0.38 0.51 28.9 2000 54.4 27.0 113.4 185 132.8 16.9 29.4 0.21 15.6 0.37 0.50 27.2 2500 62.0 27.0 121.0 185 140.8 19.2 34.7 0.23 17.0 0.35 0.48 24.8 124.9 13.5 18.5 0.14 12.3 0.45 0.59 42.3 Table 32 Single-core cables, nominal voltage 500 kV (Um = 550 kV) 800 33.7 34.0 106.1 185 1000 37.9 32.0 106.3 185 125.1 13.9 20.1 0.15 13.7 0.43 0.56 38.1 1200 42.8 31.0 109.8 185 128.8 14.8 22.3 0.17 15.1 0.41 0.54 34.7 1400 46.4 31.0 113.4 185 132.8 15.9 24.6 0.18 15.9 0.40 0.53 33.0 1600 49.8 31.0 116.8 185 136.4 16.9 26.8 0.18 16.6 0.39 0.52 31.5 2000 54.4 31.0 121.4 185 141.4 18.6 31.0 0.19 17.6 0.38 0.51 29.7 2500 62.0 31.0 129.0 185 149.4 20.9 36.5 0.21 19.2 0.36 0.49 27.2 22 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB FORMULAE Formula for capacitance Formula for dielectric losses Where ε ro ri Where εr XLPE = = = = relative permittivity of the insulation external radius of the insulation (mm) radius of conductor, including screen (mm) 2.5 (Value from IEC 60287) U f C tan δ = = = = rated voltage (kV) frequency (Hz) capacitance (µF/km) loss angle Formula for inductance Where trefoil formation: K = 1 flat formation: K = 1.26 s = distance between conductor axes (mm) r c = conductor radius (mm) Formula for inductive reactance Where f L = frequency (Hz) = inductance (mH/km) Formula for maximum short circuit currents Formula for electric stress Conductor screen: Ish = I1 = t sh = Insulation screen: ro XLPE ri ro Uo = radius of conductor screen = radius of XLPE insulation = voltage across insultaion ri short-circuit current during time t sh short-circuit current rating during 1 second. See the 1 second value in tables 14 for the conductor and in Table 15 for the metallic screen. short-circuit duration (sec) For XLPE insulated conductors the maximum allowable short circuit temperature is 250 oC. Formula for calculation of dynamic forces between two conductors Where; I peak = = Ish S = F = 2.5 Ish [kA] short-circuit current [kA] RMS centre to centre spacing between conductors [m] maximum force [N/m] ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 23 SUPPORT The transmission network in most countries is very large and complex. It may incorporate many different types of transmission circuits, including AC and DC over-head lines, fluid-filled cable systems and extruded cable systems, etc. Also, many modern networks contain extensive land and submarine cable systems for supply of major metropolitan areas and for interconnection with neighbouring countries. ABB’s experienced project managers, technical specialists and other staff will give their professional support in evaluating suitable solutions. We aim to offer the most optimal solution and we can supply the complete land or submarine cable system which can include: −− Power cables for land or submarine applications − − Cable accessories − − Control- and telecommunication cables −− System design for network optimization −− Project management − − Civil works − − Installation and supervision −− Testing and start-up operations − − Disassembly and recovery of old cables − − Fault localization and cable repair −− Maintenance of fluid-filled systems −− Leasing of installation equipment − − Training NOTE: All data given in this brochure are non-binding and indicative only 24 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB CHECKLIST FOR CABLE INQUIRY ABB is always prepared to work closely with our customers to develop optimized and cost effective cable system design solutions. In order for us to identify the best overall design solution for a specific application, we kindly request that the Commercial information below data checklist is submitted with each inquiry (if some of the requested data is not available at the time of the inquiry or does not appear applicable, just insert N/A in the corresponding data cell). * Required information * Required information Name of project * Installed in air Customer * Air temperature, maximum °C Location of site for delivery * Installed in trough Yes/No Inquiry for budget or purchase * Tender submission date * If trough, inside dimension of trough (width • height) mm • mm Do any special conditions apply How long should the tender be valid * Required delivery/completion time * Terms of delivery (FCA/CPT etc.) * Specific requirements on cable length per delivered drum Do any specific metal prices apply Installation: Turnkey by ABB Installation by ABB Supervision by ABB * * If trough, filled or unfilled Exposed to solar radiation Yes/No * Direct buried installation Yes/No Soil, ground temperature at laying depth °C Laying depth mm Thermal resistivity backfill K•m/W If drying out, thermal resistivity dry backfill close to cable K•m/W Backfill material: selected sand, CBS, etc Special requirements for trench * Cables in ducts or pipes, buried ducts Technical information Yes/No * Required information Cable system input: Yes/No Material: PVC, PE, Fibre, steel, etc Distance between ducts/pipes mm Maximum System Voltage Umax * kV Outside duct/pipe diameter mm Nominal System Operating Voltage U * kV Inside duct/pipe diameter mm Continuous current capacity * A/MVA Ambient temperature at burial depth °C Maximum symmetrical short-circuit current and duration * kA/s Thermal resistivity of ground K•m/W kA/s Thermal resistivity of backfill K•m/W m If drying out, thermal resistivity dry backfill close to duct K•m/W Laying depth mm Maximum earth-fault current and duration * Route length * Cu/Al, mm Conductor: copper/aluminum, cross-section Longitudinal water protection * Yes/No Radial water protection * Yes/No Backfill material: selected sand, CBS, etc Any special cable design requirements Customer specification * Required information Accessories Termination Tests Type of termination and quantity. Indoor, outdoor, AIS, GIS, transformer, etc. Routine, sample and after installation test. IEC, other Special requirements - pollution level, rod gap, polymer insulator, etc. Type test requirements. IEC, other Other test requirements Installation data Joints * Required information Cable configuration: Flat/Trefoil Number of parallel circuits * Type of joint and quantity - premoulded, vulcanized, sectionalized, straight etc. Type * Qty * Special requirements Link boxes Type of link box Distance between parallel circuits mm Heating from existing cables Yes/No Special requirements If yes, distances to and losses of parallel cables mm, W/m Other accessories Other heat sources, distance to and losses of sources mm, W/m Screen earthing (Both ends, Cross, Single) Type * Qty * Other relevant information ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 25 NOTES 26 XLPE Land Cable Systems | ABB NOTES ABB | XLPE Land Cable Systems 27 ABB’s high voltage cable unit in Sweden Phone: +46 455 556 00 Fax: +46 455 556 55 E-Mail: [email protected] www.abb.com/cables 2010-04, 2GM 5007 GB rev5 Contact us
