POST TEST PRELIMINARY Soal

ACADEMIC ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST (AcEPT)
(POST TEST)
PRELIMINARY
SECTION 1. LISTENING (20 questions, 15 minutes)
PART A – SHORT STATEMENTS
DIRECTIONS: Number 1-10, each number of this part will contain a statement; this part will test your
ability to understand the statements. You are required to paraphrase the statement. There will be
no question in this part, so listen carefully to the statement and choose the best sentence which
paraphrase the statement you hear. Each statement will be spoken just once.
1.
D. This year, it's been raining often.
A. My father didn't travel to college.
7.
B. My father didn't attend college.
A. The course is closed for registration.
C. My father didn't go to school.
B. The instructor decides who can enroll.
D. My father didn't want to go far.
C. Registration for this course is
2.
permitted.
A. Students don't read their instructor's
D. The instructor doesn't give students
forms.
permission.
B. If students can't read, they can't fill
8.
out forms.
A. We expected only fourteen people to
C. Most students ignore the directions
come.
on paperwork.
B. Forty people came to work in the
D. Most forms for students don't have
shop.
instructions.
C. More people came than had been
3.
expected.
A. Her courses are full and closed.
D. We expanded the shop to include
B. She is carrying a bag full of books.
forty people.
C. She can't carry all these courses.
9.
D. She is enrolled as a full-time student.
A. It's better to change this job.
4.
B. She decided to take the job.
A. Everyone who went on the trip fell.
C. In my opinion, she should change her
B. The trip was not well attended.
job.
C. The trip was hard to make in one day.
D. I thought she was taking John with
D. Many students tripped and fell.
her.
5.
10.
A. Neither team won.
A. The man asked if she dropped Jack
B. Men swim better than women.
off.
C. Did the men's team win?
B. The man asked if she took his jacket
D. Is Tim the head of the team?
to be cleaned.
6.
C. The man asked if she was leaving Jack.
A. The weather is unpredictable.
D. The man asked if she had cleaned his
B. Rain is predicted for today.
jacket yet.
C. She heard the weather report.
PART B
DIRECTIONS: Number 11-20, In this part you will hear five short talks. After each talk, two questions
will be asked based on the information given, the first question of the talk will ask you about the
main idea and the second question of the talk will ask you about the detail information of the talk.
Be focus and listen the talks carefully to be able to answer the two questions.
11.
18.
A. Stephen Foster’s life
A. Because it was an example in the
B. 200 songs of Stephen Foster
textbook.
C. The work of Stephen Foster
B. Because he is using popcorn in a
D. Prolific song writers
laboratory demonstration.
12.
C. Because popcorn is a good analogy for
A. Sentimental tunes.
half-lives.
B. Plantation songs.
D. Because popcorn is a carbon-based
C. Hymns for churches.
life form.
D. Serious society music.
19.
13.
A. Ancient cities.
A. Heredity.
B. Three types of cities.
B. Environment.
C. City planning.
C. Birth order.
D. Urban sprawl.
D. Motivation.
20.
14.
A. Walls and fortifications.
A. Birth order may influence personality.
B. A central marketplace.
B. Heredity and environment play a role
C. Plazas and parks.
in the development of the
D. A pattern of square blocks.
personality.
C. There is research on birth order at the
University of Texas at Arlington.
D. Firstborn children and only children
have similar personalities.
15.
A. The Knickerbocker School.
B. The character of Natty Bumppo.
C. The Leatherstocking Tales.
D. Writers for the New York Evening
Post.
16.
A. Stories by Washington Irving.
B. Five novels about frontier life.
C. Serials in the New York Evening Post.
D. Poems by the Knickerbocker group.
17.
A. Popcorn.
B. Radiometric dating.
C. Carbon-14.
D. Geological formations.
SECTION 2. VOCABULARY (30 questions, 20 minutes)
PART A - CLOZE TEXT
DIRECTIONS: Number 1-15, completes each blank space in the text with the appropriate vocabulary
which meets the intended meaning of the text.
Learning writing will be less hard than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet for
Japanese speakers, who (1)_______ use Chinese characters in their own language. Different cultures
and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more (2)_______ . In the case of
Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar
alphabet but the grammatical (3)________ , though native speakers of linked languages may find it
easier, while stressed with languages that the British find relatively easy. No language is (4)_______
to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a fully
different writing system is a vast (5)_______ , but that does not essentially make a language more
difficult than another. In the end, it is impracticable to say that there is one language that is the most
difficult language in the world.
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
former
may
previously
earlier
A.
B.
C.
D.
simple
compound
complex
unique
C. obstacle
D. complication
4.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
unproblematic
complicated
mistaken
vague
A.
B.
C.
D.
system
test
area
challenge
5.
3.
A. similarity
B. mistake
The number of people with asthma is (6)_______. About 300 million people worldwide are suffering
with it. About 26 million people in America have it. Only 3.1 percent of the people in the U.S. had
asthma in 1980. By 2010, the number rose to 8.4 percent. Scientists think they are (7)______ more
about why so many people have asthma. A new study says it may have to do with the lack of certain
bacteria in babies. The target is called 'gut bacteria." Low levels of gut bacteria put babies at risk for
asthma later in life. Babies usually are born with all the bacteria they need. Some events (8)_______
to be lowering bacteria levels now (9)______ in infants. Scientists say there will be a simple, stoolbased test to predict the risk of asthma in infants. The use of more probiotics might (10)______ to
the prevention of asthma. The gut bacteria are called FLVR, after the technical name for them.
Experts say there is a 100-day window to get gut bacteria into a new born.
6.
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
growing
declining
decreasing
sharpening
A.
B.
C.
D.
noting
determining
learning
conducting
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
seem
look
emerge
come up
C. created
D. checked
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
A. seen
B. found
lead
increase
give
raise
Water involves in almost all the (11)______ in our body such as digestion, elimination, assimilation,
respiration, maintaining body temperature, etc. It is required to (12)______ the thirst of our body.
We can live for days without food however cannot imagine living without water more than a day.
The level of useful drinking water on the earth is very less and other water is salty and not useful to
the living beings. Water is (13)______ by everything like plants, animals, microorganisms, human
being, etc to fulfill the body requirements. Do we imagine that what will (14)______ if the drinking
water get (15)______ a day or get polluted? Yes, it is the main question which has opened the eyes
of everyone and starts saving water at every place we belong like home, surrounding area, office,
school, college, etc.
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
processes
procedure
methods
developments
A.
B.
C.
D.
confiscate
add
remove
excavate
C. obligatory
D. compulsory
14.
12.
13.
A. required
B. essential
A.
B.
C.
D.
happen
come
make
keep
A.
B.
C.
D.
over
end
refined
finished
15.
PART B – COLLOCATION
DIRECTIONS: Number 16-30, completes the blank space with the vocabulary which best collocates
(combines) with each of the underlined words or phrases in the following sentences. This require
you to understand natural English construction, for example: it is “quick” which collocates with
“meal” not “ fast”. So, it is “quick meal” not “fast meal”.
16. It took them over a week to ____ their
decision.
A. Come
B. Achieve
C. Attain
D. Reach
17. It'll be very difficult to persuade him. He is
very set in his ____.
A. Habits
B. Plants
C. Ways
D. Rules
18. It goes without _____ that we'll all
support your new strategy.
A. Speaking
B. Talking
C. Saying
D. Telling
19. They are always on the ____ young and
versatile people.
A. Look out for
B. Search for
C. Terms of
D. Need for
20. It's your ____ to prepare this week's
report – I did it last week.
A. Way
B. Move
C. Position
D. Turn
21. Our main competitor's new product ____
a real threat to our target of increasing
our market share.
A. Poses
B. Makes
C. Produces
D. provides
22. You shouldn't be so quick to criticize her
for the poor results. You have to ____ into
account the fact that she was ill for over a
month.
A. Take
B. Give
C. Allow
D. Bring
23. There are three important points I'd like
to ____ .
A. Raise
B. Bring
C. Claim
D. Give
24. It takes a very determined person to
achieve results as good as this; you really
have to put your ____ to it.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
A. Head
B. Brain
C. Thoughts
D. Mind
Don't ____ to conclusions – I haven't had
a chance to explain it to you yet.
A. Rise
B. Jump
C. Run
D. Dive
I'll come and see you tomorrow. I'll ____
around 5 o'clock.
A. Drop by
B. Drop down
C. Drop around
D. Drop off
My dad gave me a lift – he _____ at the
metro station.
A. Put me down
B. Put me off
C. Let me off
D. Dropped me off
Could you ____ me a favor and post these
letters on your way home?
A. Make
B. Give
C. Do
D. Get
I've told him ten times that he's got the
wrong telephone number. I'll ____ crazy if
they call again.
A. Be
B. Go
C. Become
D. Get
Many countries ______ problems with
obesity.
A. do
B. have
C. make
D. bring
SECTION 3. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURE (40 questions, 30 minutes)
PART A – SENTENCE COMPLETION
DIRECTIONS: For questions 1-15, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes
each of the following sentences.
1. ________ the eight Ivy League schools are among the most prestigious colleges in the United
States.
A. It is generally accepted that
B. That it is accepted
C. Accepting that it is
D. That is accepted
2. _______ have made communication faster and easier through the use of e-mail and the Internet
is widely recognized.
A. It is that computers
B. That it is computers
C. Computers that
D. That computers
3. ___________ they are tropical birds, parrots can live in temperate or even cold climates.
A. Despite
B. Even though
C. Nevertheless
D. But
4. Some ancient units such as the day, the foot, and the pound, _________ today.
A. are still in use
B. that are still in use
C. which are in use still
D. still in use
5. An abstract painter and pioneer of Surrealism, ________ and symbolic images.
A. Miro's works are characterized by bright colors
B. the works of Miro are characterized by bright colors
C. Miro is famous for works characterized by bright colors
D. bright colors characterize the works of Miro
6. The Woodstock Music and Art Fair of 1969 captured the essence of the counterculture
movement of the 1960s __________.
A. most than any of other events
B. best that any other event
C. than any other events
D. better than any other event
7. Cooking oil made from corn does not become saturated when heated, and _________ .
A. neither oil made from soy
B. oil made from soy does either
C. neither does oil made from soy
D. oil made from soy either
8. ________ added to a liquid, antifreeze lowers the freezing temperature of that liquid.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A. That
B. As is
C. It is
D. When
La Guardia Airport in New York City _____________ for Fiorello La Guardia, one of New York's
most popular mayors.
A. which is named
B. named
C. which named
D. is named
Microwaves are used for cooking, telecommunications, and ___________
A. to diagnose medically
B. medical diagnosing
C. diagnosed medically
D. medical diagnosis
Born in 1892, _________ while he wrote the poems and plays that made him famous.
A. the Library of Congress is where Archibald MacLeish worked as a librarian
B. Archibald MacLeish worked as a librarian at the Library of Congress
C. a librarian at the Library of Congress, Archibald MacLeish worked
D. at the Library of Congress, Archibald MacLeish worked as a librarian
Adult eagles let their offspring ______ nests near their original nesting area.
A. build
B. builds
C. building
D. to build
"Chicago" is a poem _____________ in praise of one of the busiest industrial centers in the U.S.
A. which by Carl Sandburg
B. which was written by Carl Sandburg
C. was written by Carl Sandburg
D. Carl Sandburg who wrote it
One of the world's greatest rivers, ___________ .
A. one third of North America is linked by the water of the Mississippi
B. the Mississippi links one third of North America by water
C. North America is linked by the Mississippi in one third of the water
D. the water is linked in North America by one third of the Mississippi
Digital clocks, however precise, ___________ because the earth's rotation changes slightly over
the year.
A. they cannot be perfectly accurate
B. cannot be perfectly accurate
C. not perfectly accurate
D. not be perfectly accurate
PART B CLOZE TEXT
DIRECTIONS: For questions 16-25, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes
each blank space in the text.
The ocean floor is often considered the last frontier on earth, as it is a domain that remains
greatly unexplored. Bathymetry, also known as seafloor topography, involves measuring and
mapping the depths of the underwater world. Today much of the ocean floor still remains
unmapped (16)___________ collecting bathymetry data in waters of great depths is a time
consuming and complex endeavor.
Two hundred years ago most people assumed that the ocean floor was similar to the
beaches and coastlines. During the nineteenth century attempts to produce maps of the seafloor
involved (17)___________ weighted lines from a boat, and waiting for the tension of the line to
change. (18)___________ the hand line hit the ocean floor, the depth of the water was determined
by measuring the amount of slack. Each of these measurements was called a sounding, and
thousands of soundings (19)___________ just to get a rough measurement of a small portion of the
ocean floor. Besides estimating the depth, these surveys helped in identifying large shipping hazards,
especially near the shoreline. A naval officer published the first evidence of underwater mountains
in a bathymetric chart in 1855.
During World War I, scientists developed the technology for measuring sound waves in the
ocean. Anti-Submarine Detection investigation Committee (ASDICs) was the original name for these
underwater sound projectors, but by World War II the term sonar was adopted in the United States
and many other nations. Sonar, (20) ___________ for Sound, Navigations, and Ranging, was first
used to detect submarines and icebergs. By calculating the amount of time it took for a sound signal
to reflect back to its original source, sonar could measure the (21) ___________ of the ocean as well
as the depth of any objects found within it. The first sonar devices were passive systems that could
only receive sound waves. By the 1930s, single-beam sonar was being used to transmit sound waves
in a vertical line from a ship to the seafloor. The sound waves were recorded as they returned from
the surface to the ship. (22) ___________, this type of sonar was more useful in detecting
submerged objects than mapping the seafloor. Throughout World War II, technology improved, and
active sonar systems that both received and produced sound waves (23) ___________. It was the
invention of the acoustic transducer and the acoustic projector that made way for this modern
sonar. The newer systems made it possible (24) ___________ certain material, such as rock or mud.
Since mud absorbed a good portion of a sound signal, it provided a much (25) ___________ echo
than rocks, which reflected much of the sound wave.
16. A. therefore
D. when
B. nonetheless
19. A. had done
C. Because
B. have to be done
D. furthermore
C. have done
17. A. lower
D. had to be done
B. to lower
20. A. Which stand
C. low
B. Who stand
D. lowering
C. Which standing
18. A. meanwhile
D. which stands
B. in case
21. A. deep
C. unless
B. depth
C. deepen
D. deeply
22. A. moreover
B. however
C. additionally
D. whereas
23. A. was used
B. were used
C. used
D. were being used
24. A. identify
B. Identifying
C. to identify
D. identifies
25. A. weakest
B. weak
C. weaken
D. weaker
PART C – ERROR IDENTIFICATION
DIRECTIONS: For questions 26-40, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which is wrong.
26. It is generally believed that Thomas Jefferson was the one who had researched and wrote the
A
B
Declaration of Independence during the months prior to its signing in July 1776.
C
D
27. The decathlon is a two-day athletic competition which consists of ten types track and field
events.
A
B
C
D
28. Those of us who have a family history of heart disease should make yearly appointments with
A
B
C
their doctors.
D
29. Mountain bikes differ ordinary bicycles in that they have ten or more gears, a more rugged
frame,
A
B
C
and wider treads on the tires.
D
30. Because the expense of traditional fuels and the concern that they might run out, many
countries
A
B
C
have been investigating alternative sources of power.
D
31. By studying the fossils of pollen, which extremely resistant to decay, researchers can gain useful
A
B
C
information about the vegetation of the past.
D
32. Work on improving industrial disposal methods were begun in the early 1970s, shortly after the
A
B
C
Clean Air bill was passed by Congress.
D
33. Although we once thought that Saturn has only seven rings, we now know that it has hundreds
of
A
B
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
rings extending for thousands of miles.
C
D
Written by Neil Simon, New York audiences received the new play enthusiastically at the world
A
B
C
premiere Saturday evening.
D
If one does not pick up the dry cleaning within thirty days, the management is not obligated to
A
B
C
return it back.
D
In 1975, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, the average life expectancy for
A
people born during that year is 72.4 years.
B
C
D
While researching the problem of violent crime, the Senate committee's discovery that
handguns
A
were used to commit 64 percent of all murders in the United States.
B
C
D
It was Isadora Duncan who was responsible for many of the new innovations that have made
A
B
C
modern dance different from classical ballet.
D
World hunger it is one of the most urgent problems that we face today.
AB
C
D
With the develop of a cheap process for desalination, 97 percent of the Earth's water
A
B
C
will become available for freshwater purposes.
D
SECTION 4. READING (40 QUESTIONS, 40 minutes)
DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer to each question based on the information which is stated or
implied in the text, just like reading section in the TOEFL test.
TEXT 1
There are three valid arguments to support the preservation of endangered species.
An aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity contributes to the quality of life because
many of the endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique
physical beauty. The aesthetic role of nature in all its diverse forms is reflected in the art and
5 literature of every culture, attaining symbolic status in the spiritual life of many groups.
According to the proponents of the aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse
and beautiful forms as part of the experience of the world.
Another argument that has been put forward, especially by groups in the medical and
pharmacological fields, is that of ecological self-interest. By preserving all species, we retain a
10 balance of nature that is ultimately beneficial to humankind. Recent research on global
ecosystems has been cited as evidence that every species contributes important or even
essential functions that may be necessary to the survival of our own species. Some advocates
of the ecological argument contend that important chemical compounds derived from rare
plants may contain the key to a cure for one of the diseases currently threatening human
15 beings. If we do not protect other species, then they cannot protect us.
Apart from human advantage in both the aesthetic and ecological arguments, the
proponents of a moral justification contend that all species have the right to exist, a viewpoint
stated in the United Nations World Charter for Nature, created in 1982. Furthermore, if
humankind views itself as the stewards of all the creatures on Earth, then it is incumbent
20 upon human beings to protect them, and to ensure the continued existence of all species.
Moral justification has been extended by a movement called "deep ecology," the member of
which rank the biosphere higher than people because the continuation of life depends on this
larger perspective. To carry their argument to its logical conclusion, all choices must be made
for the biosphere, not for people.
1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. The beauty of the world
B. The quality of life
C. The preservation of species
D. The balance of nature
2. Which of the arguments supports animal rights?
A. Aesthetic justification
B. Ecological argument
C. Self-interest argument
D. Moral justification
3. The word "unique" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
A. strong
B. new
C. special
D. active
4. What does the author mean by the statement in lines 6-7: "According to the proponents of the
aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse and beautiful forms as part of the
experience of the world"?
A. The world is experienced by nature in various forms that are equally beautiful.
B. People are naturally attracted to beautiful forms rather than to different ones.
C. Nature is beautiful because it provides varied experiences for people.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D. An appreciation of the Earth requires that people have an opportunity to enjoy the diversity
and beauty of nature.
According to the passage, what do we know from research on global ecosystems?
A. Nature is very diverse.
B. A balance of nature is important.
C. Humans have a responsibility to nature.
D. Nature represents spiritual values.
The author mentions all of the following as justifications for the protection of endangered
species EXCEPT
A. the natural compounds needed for medicines
B. the intrinsic value of the beauty of nature
C. the control of pollution in the biosphere
D. the right to life implied by their existence
It can be inferred from the passage that the author
A. is a member of the "deep ecology" movement
B. does not agree with ecological self-interest
C. supports all of the arguments to protect species
D. participated in drafting the Charter for Nature
The word "them" in line 20 refers to
A. humankind
B. stewards
C. creatures
D. human beings
The word "perspective" in line 23 could best be replaced by
A. ideal
B. event
C. truth
D. view
Where in the passage does the author explain how rare species contribute to the health of the
human species?
A. Lines 2- 5
B. Lines 8- 10
C. Lines 13-15
D. Lines 20-22
TEXT 2
In the United States today there are more than half a million criminals serving time in
jails or prisons. Most prisoners are male high school dropouts between the ages of 18 and 29.
Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment has more than
doubled over the past twenty years, and the recidivism -that is, the rate for rearrest- is more
5 than 60 percent.
Although the stated objective of the criminal justice system, on both federal and state
levels, is to rehabilitate the inmates and reintegrate them into society, the system itself does
not support such a goal. Although most jails are located within the community, prisons are
usually geographically or psychologically isolated and terribly overcrowded. Even in the more
10 enlightened prisons, only one-third of the inmates have vocational training opportunities or
work release options. Even fewer have access to qualified counselors, psychologists, or social
worker.
If prisons are indeed to achieve the goal of rehabilitating offenders, then the prisons
themselves will have to change. First, they will have to be smaller, housing no more than five
15 hundred prisoners. It has been shown that crowding in large facilities is not conducive to
behavior modification. Second, they will have to be built in or near population centers with
community resources available for gradual reintegration into society. This must include social
and psychological services. Finally, prison programs must be restructured to provide work
release and vocational and academic training for all inmates to prepare them with kills that
20 carry over into their lives after release. In addition to parole terms and community supervised
work release, successful models for such collaborative efforts between the criminal justice
system and the community already exist in several hundred half-way houses throughout the
country where inmates complete their sentences while beginning to reestablish their lives as
productive members of society. Studies suggest that imprisonment as it is currently
administered must be viewed as punishment rather than reform. Until we approach the
problem in term of changing behaviors rather than segregating offenders, prisoners who are
released will probably return to a life of crime.
11. What is the author's main point?
A. Prisons must be restructured if they are to accomplish the goal of rehabilitation.
B. Goals for community collaboration have been successful.
C. Most of the criminals serving time in prison do not have goals.
D. The criminal justice system must establish a better goal.
12. According to the author, how many prisoners are offered training or work release?
A. None
B. 33 percent
C. 50 percent
D. 60 percent
13. The word "recidivism" in line 4 refers to
A. all people who are imprisoned
B. people who return to prison after release
C. people who drop out of high school
D. people who have been in prison for a long time
14. The word "them" in line 7 refers to
A. prison systems
B. inmates
C. goals
D. levels
15. What does the author mean by the statement in lines 6-8: "Although the stated objective of the
criminal justice system, on both federal and state levels, is to rehabilitate the inmates and
reintegrate them into society, the systems themselves do not support such a goal"?
A. Inmates in prisons do not participate in rehabilitation programs before they are reintegrated
into society.
B. The goal of rehabilitation and reintegration into society is encouraged by the prison systems.
C. Prison systems do not promote rehabilitation and reintegration despite their goal.
D. Rehabilitation cannot be achieved by prisons without reintegration into society.
16. Why should prisons be built near towns or cities?
A. Prisoners benefit from family visitations.
B. Workers need to be close to their homes.
C. Reintegration programs require resources.
D. Prisons contribute to the economies.
17. The author mentions all the following as necessary to prison reform EXCEPT
A. newer buildings
B. smaller institutions
C. vocational training
D. collaboration with the community
18. The paragraph following this passage most probably discusses
A. the goals of most state and federal prisons
B. the cost of prison reform
C. examples of models for community collaboration
D. problems with the current criminal justice system
19. The word "options" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
A. exceptions
B. challenges
C. alternatives
D. benefits
20. Where in the passage does the author explain the rate of imprisonment over the past twenty
years?
A. Lines 3-5
B. Lines 6-8
C. Lines 10-12
D. Lines 15-16
TEXT 3
One of the major problems in the art world is how to distinguish and promote an
artist. In effect, a market must be created for an artist to be successful. The practice of signing
and numbering individual prints was introduced by James Abbott McNeill Whistler, the
nineteenth-century artist best known for the painting of his mother, called "Arrangement in
5 Grey and Black," but known to most of us as "Whistler's Mother." Whistler's brother-in-law,
Sir Francis Seymour Haden, a less well-known artist, had speculated that collectors might find
prints more attractive if they knew that there were only a limited number of copies produced.
By signing the work in pencil, an artist could guarantee and personalize each print.
As soon as Whistler and Haden began the practice of signing and numbering their
10 prints, their work began to increase in value. When other artists noticed that the signed prints
commanded higher prices, they began copying the procedure.
Although most prints are signed on the right-hand side in the margin below the
image, the placement of the signature is a matter of personal choice. Indeed, prints have
been signed within the image, in any of the margins, or even on the reverse side of the print.
15 Wherever the artist elects to sign it, a signed print is still valued above an unsigned one, even
in the same edition.
21. Which of the following would be a better title for the passage?
A. Whistler's Mother
B. Whistler's Greatest Works
C. The Practice of Signing Prints
D. Copying Limited Edition Prints
22. What made Whistler's work more valuable?
A. His fame as an artist
B. His painting of his mother
C. His signature on the prints
D. His brother-in-law's prints
23. The word "distinguish" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
A. recognize differences
B. make improvements
C. allow exceptions
D. accept changes
24. The word "speculated" in line 6 could best the replaced by
A. guessed
B. noticed
C. denied
D. announced
25. What does the author mean by the statement in lines 9-10: "As soon as Whistler and Haden
began the practice of signing and numbering their prints, their work began to increase in value"?
A. The prints that were signed and numbered were worth more.
B. The signing and numbering of prints was not very popular.
C. The signatures became more valuable than the prints.
D. Many copies of the prints were made.
26. What was true about the painting of Whistler's mother?
A. It was painted by Sir Francis Seymour Haden.
B. Its title was "Arrangement in Grey and Black."
C. It was not one of Whistler's best paintings.
D. It was a completely new method of painting.
27. The author mentions all of the following as reasons why a collector prefers a signed print EXCEPT
A. it guarantees the print's authenticity
B. it makes the print more personal
C. it encourages higher prices for the print
D. it limits the number of copies of the print
28. It can be inferred from the passage that artists number their prints
A. as an accounting procedure
B. to guarantee a limited edition
C. when the buyer requests it
D. at the same place on each of the prints
29. The word "it" in line 15 refers to
A. the same edition
B. the image
C. the reverse side
D. a print
30. Where in the passage does the author indicate where an artist's signature might be found on a
work?
A. Lines 1-2
B. Lines 5-6
C. Lines 9-10
D. Lines 12-14
TEXT 4
5
10
15
20
25
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need
for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication.
Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not
enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their
foreign counterparts.
Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of
reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in
either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and
how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.
In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as
wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American
represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without
bargaining further. The American negotiator's role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of
information and cash, an image that succeeds only in undermining the negotiation.
In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that
may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while subverting the negotiator's position.
Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and
impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often
insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the
relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for longterm benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions
without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.
Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and
the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international
business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural
understanding.
31. What is the author's main point?
A. Negotiation is the process of reaching an agreement.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
B. Foreign languages are important for international business.
C. Foreign perceptions of American negotiators are based on stereotypes.
D. American negotiators need to learn more about other cultures.
According to the author, what is the purpose of negotiation?
A. To undermine the other negotiator's position
B. To communicate back and forth
C. To reach an agreement
D. To understand the culture of the negotiators
What does the author mean by the statement in lines 3-5: "Americans, however, have not been
well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in
negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts"?
A. Training is not available for Americans who must interact in international negotiations.
B. Foreign businesspersons negotiate less effectively than Americans because of their training.
C. Because their training is not as good, Americans are less successful as negotiators than their
international counterparts.
D. Foreign businesspersons do not like to negotiate with Americans, who are not well trained.
According to the passage, how can American businesspersons improve their negotiation skills?
A. By living in a foreign culture
B. By getting to know the negotiators
C. By compromising more often
D. By explaining the goals more clearly
The word "persuaded" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
A. respected
B. accused
C. informed
D. convinced
The American negotiator is described as all of the following EXCEPT
A. perceived by foreign negotiators as wealthy
B. willing to invest time in relationships
C. known for direct interactions
D. interested in short-term goals
The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses
A. ways to increase cross-cultural understanding
B. traits that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding
C. knowledge of foreign languages
D. relationships between negotiators
The word "that" in line 13 refers to
A. bargaining
B. role
C. corporation
D. price
The word "undermining" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
A. making known
B. making clear
C. making brief
D. making weak
Where in the passage does the author indicate the two criteria necessary for negotiation?
A. Lines 6-9
B. Lines 10-14
C. Lines 15-16
D. Lines 18-20
SECTION 5. COMPOSING SKILLS (40 questions, 40 minutes)
PART A - PARAPHRASING SENTENCES
DIRECTIONS: Numbers 1-10 contain complete and correct sentences. For each number, you are
required to choose the most appropriate paraphrased sentence closest in meaning to the original
one.
1. Before the introduction of the musical staff, composers preserved their work not only by writing
it down but also by teaching it to a younger musician.
A. Teaching a younger musician can introduce musical staff because it preserved the writing
work.
B. Before the introduction of the musical staff, the preservation of their work was done not
only by teachers but also writers of young music.
C. Composers introduce the musical staff how to preserve their work by teaching it to a
younger musician, as well as by writing it down in a book.
D. Before the introduction of the musical staff, composers preserved their work by teaching it
to a younger musician, as well as by writing it down in a book.
2. The diesel engine that runs on oil is more efficient than most other engines because it converts
more of the useful energy stored in the fuel.
A. More and more diesel engine converts more useful energy.
B. Because of the usefulness of energy, the diesel engine runs more efficiently than most other
engines
C. The conversion of oil into a more useful energy needs the existence of efficient diesel engine
D. Since the oil converts more useful energy, the diesel engine operates more efficiently than
most other engines.
3. Although they are smaller in size, for the most part, chipmunks are like most other ground
squirrels.
A. Chipmunks are mostly like other ground squirrels except for their smaller size.
B. Despite the fact that chipmunks like other ground squirrels, they are smaller in size.
C. The size of chipmunks is mostly like other ground squirrels.
D. For the most part, chipmunk’s smaller size is most likely due to the other ground squirrels.
4. Although oil paint tends to yellow with age, tempera colors retain their vibrancy for centuries.
A. Tempera colors are the same with oil paint, in that they both tend to yellow with age.
B. The age of tempera colors and oil paint tends to last or centuries and retains their yellow
vibrancy.
C. Oil paint tends to yellow with age, but tempera colors retain their vibrancy for centuries.
D. The vibrancy of oil paint and tempera colors depends on their yellow vibrancy.
5. The addiction to gambling is not unlike the addiction to substances.
A. The addiction to gambling is like the addiction to substances.
B. Unlike gambling, substances are more addictive.
C. The more addictive is someone to gambling, the more likely he is addicted to substances.
D. The most addictive substance is just like addiction to substances.
6. Sea gulls need either fresh or salt water for them to survive.
A. For their survival, sea gulls need neither fresh nor salt water.
B. Sea gulls can maintain their survival both in the fresh and salt water.
C. Sea gulls can’t survive both in the fresh and salt water.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D. Either fresh or salt water is needed by sea gulls for them to survive.
Poet and humorist Ogden Nash tried but failed to adapt himself to the academic and later the
business world.
A. He was a better businessman than he was a teacher.
B. He did not succeed in either teaching or business.
C. He tried teaching before he finally succeeded in business.
D. He made no effort to succeed in teaching and business.
After hitting a bar several times with similar results, an animal learns that it can get food by
pressing the bar.
A. An animal is able to press the bar more after it is fed three or four times.
B. Three or four animals are used in the experiment with similar results.
C. There are several trials by an animal before the food is released.
D. An animal learns how to get food by hitting a bar.
Although he wrote many short stories, it was a poem, "The Raven," that brought Poe his
greatest recognition as a writer.
A. Poe is remembered more for a poem than for his short stories.
B. "The Raven" is less well-known than Poe's short stories.
C. Poe is famous for writing both short stories and poetry.
D. Poe wrote more short stories than poems during his career.
It was an atom that was contained in the form of pure energy, the fundamental components of
the entire universe.
A. The universe was made up of many atoms of pure energy.
B. The effect of a pure atom in the universe was to produce energy.
C. Everything in the universe was reduced to pure energy in one atom.
D. The energy in the universe was stored in pure atoms.
PART B – EDITING
DIRECTIONS: Numbers 11-20 contain incorrect sentences. The incorrect part of the sentence has
been identified for you. You are required to find the correct option to replace the underlined part.
11. Despite they are small, ponies are strong and have great stamina.
A. In spite of their small
B. However they are small
C. Although their small
D. Because of they are small
12. Physical therapists help patients relearn how to use their bodies after disease or injure.
A. after disease or injured
B. after diseases or injures
C. after disease or injury
D. after diseases or injury
13. Liquids take the shape of any container which in they are placed.
A. where are they placed
B. which in are they placed
C. in which they are placed
D. in where they are placed
14. The Sun supplies the light and the warmth that permit life on Earth existing.
A. on existing Earth
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B. on Earth exists
C. on Earth to exist
D. on Earth existed
For seventeen years, between 1932 to 1949, Fred Allen was one of the most popular comedians
on radio.
A. among 1932 to 1949
B. between 1932 and 1949
C. from 1932 and 1949
D. between 1932 until 1949
Boolean algebra is most often used to solve problems in logic, probability, and engineer.
A. probabilities, and engineers
B. probable, and engineering
C. probability, and engineering
D. probability, and engine
Attorney Clarence Darrow is knowing for his defense of unpopular persons and causes.
A. knowing for his defense
B. that is knowing for his defense
C. known for his defense
D. is known for his defense
Phi Beta Kappa is a honor society that encourages scholarship in science and art.
A. That is a honor society
B. an honor society
C. is an honor society
D. that is an honor society
The French Quarter is the most famous and the most old section of New Orleans.
A. oldest section
B. most of old section
C. older section than
D. as old section as
There was once a widespread believe that all lizards were poisonous.
A. a widespread beliefs
B. a widespread belief that
C. a widespread believes
D. a widespread believing
PART C – LOGICAL SENTENCE
DIRECTIONS: Numbers 21-30, choose the most logical sentence.
21.
A. When a nation transacts with other nations abundantly in a given period is called a balance
of international payment.
B. A balance of international payment refers to the net result of the business that a nation
carries on with other nations in a given period.
C. The net result of the business is an imbalance of international payment of a nation
transaction with other nations in a given period.
D. International payment in a given period should result in the imbalance of the business
transactions of nations.
22.
A. Because light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to precede thunder.
B. Light travels faster than sound, but lightning appears to precede thunder.
C. Although light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to precede thunder.
D. Light travels faster than sound; however lightning appears to precede thunder.
23.
A.
B.
C.
D.
In spite of his intelligence and creativity, Congress respected Jefferson.
Jefferson was intelligent and creative although Congress respected him.
Congress respected Jefferson because of his intelligence and creativity.
The respect of Congress to Jefferson is nothing compared to his intelligence and creativity.
A.
B.
C.
D.
To protrude their lower teeth, crocodiles’ mouths must be closed.
The lower the teeth of crocodiles, the closer they are to protrude.
To close their mouths, crocodiles must protrude their lower teeth.
The lower teeth in crocodiles protrude when their mouths are closed.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Some sponges resemble plants.
To appear in resemblance, plants must have sponges.
Some sponges have leaves just like plants.
To resemble plants, some sponges imitate them.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The accomplishment of the first census was in Great Britain in 1801.
Great Britain was an accomplishment of the first census in 1801.
The first census was accomplished in Great Britain in 1801.
In 1801, to be the first census, Great Britain was accomplished.
24.
25.
26.
27.
A. During periods of stress or excitement, the heart rate increases and airways to the lungs
become dilated.
B. When periods of stress or excitement, the increases heart rate and airways dilated to the
lungs.
C. While the heart rate increases and airways to the lungs become dilated, periods of stress or
excitement.
D. As soon as the heart rate increases, periods of stress or excitement become dilated airways
to the lungs.
28.
A. Constantly changing theories of prehistory and early humans are the new evidence from
archeological finds, as we consider.
B. As we consider, theories of prehistory and early humans, the new evidence from
archeological finds are constantly changing.
C. As we consider to constantly changing theories of prehistory and early humans, the new
evidence from archeological finds.
D. Theories of prehistory and early humans are constantly changing as we consider the new
evidence from archeological finds.
29.
A. The inspiration for the Surrealists is to create understandable works of art, to make the
appropriate changes for an excellent paraphrase.
B. Dreams may have been the inspiration for the Surrealists to create their works of art, they
don't understand how to make the appropriate changes for an excellent paraphrase.
C. To dream, the Surrealists may have the inspiration for creating their works of art, they don't
understand how to make the appropriate changes for an excellent paraphrase.
D. By not understanding dreams may have been the inspiration for the Surrealists to create
their works of art and the appropriate changes for an excellent paraphrase.
30.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Helium replaced hydrogen as a power source for dirigibles because it was safer.
As helium replaced hydrogen, causing a power source for dirigibles was safer.
Helium replaced hydrogen as a power source for dirigibles although it was safer.
Despite its safety, helium replaced hydrogen as a power source for dirigibles.
PART D – LOGICAL ORDER
DIRECTIONS: Numbers 31-36 contain jumbled sentences. One of the sentences has been underlined.
You are required to choose the next sentence which logically follows the underlined one.
31. The European Union has two big fish problems.
A. The other is that its governments won't confront their fishing lobbies and decommission all
the surplus boats.
B. As a result, Senegal's marine ecosystem has started to go the same way as ours.
C. The EU has tried to solve both problems by sending its fishermen to West Africa. Since 1979
it has struck agreements with the government of Senegal, granting our fleets access to its
waters.
D. One is that, partly as a result of its failure to manage them properly, its own fisheries can no
longer meet European demand.
32. Mr. Bloomberg's small-schools initiative has drawn criticism, yet the mayor, when faced with
complains, has usually forged ahead.
A. Education scholars generally agree that mayors can help failing districts, but they are
starting to utter warnings.
B. However, they warned that mayoral control can reduce parents' influence on schools.
C. And they pointed to Mr. Bloomberg's aggressive style as an example of what not to do.
D. All this must be weighed up by the New York state legislature in 2009, when mayoral control
is up for renewal—or scrapping.
33. All animals have a strong exploratory urge, but for some it is more crucial than others.
A. If they have put all their efforts into the perfection of one survival trick, they do not bother
so much with the general complexities of the world around them.
B. It depends on how specialized they have become during the course of evolution.
C. The non-specialists, however, the opportunists of the animal world, can never afford to
relax.
D. So long as the ant eater had its ants and the koala bear had gum leaves, then they are
satisfied and the living is easy.
34. On this day in 1904, Giacomo Puccini’s opera Madame Butterfly premieres at the La Scala
theater in Milan, Italy.
A. La Boheme, the now-classic story of a group of poor artists living in a Paris garret, earned
mixed reviews, while Tosca was downright panned by critics.
B. In his later life, he would write some of the best-loved operas of all time: La Boheme (1896),
Tosca (1900), Madame Butterfly (1904) and Turandot (left unfinished when he died in 1906).
C. The young Puccini decided to dedicate his life to opera after seeing a performance of
Giuseppe Verdi’s Aida in 1876.
D. Not one of these, however, was an immediate success when it opened.
35. According to recent research, the critical period for developing language skills is between the
ages of three and five and a half years.
A. The read-to child already has a large vocabulary and a sense of grammar and sentence
structure.
B. Children who are read-to in these years, have a far better chance of reading well in school,
indeed, of doing well in all their subjects.
C. And the reason is actually quite simple.
D. This correlation is far and away the highest yet found between home influences and school
success.
36. The finest asset any child can have is a happy home.
A. It will also give him something worthwhile to live for.
B. If he fails, it may have been due to trouble in his home, his school or unsympathetic and
hostile relatives.
C. If he exhibits good judgment in later years, much of the credit must go to those who trained
him.
D. Such environment will enable him to develop strength and stability of character, thereby
teaching him to face the future without fear or undue anxiety.
PART E – JUMBLED SENTENCES
DIRECTIONS: Numbers 37-40 contain jumbled sentences. You are required to identify the correct
order to form a good paragraph.
1. By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few
people learn to paint well, and many people cannot carry a tune.
2. Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand language, it may seem to
be simple.
3. But just the opposite is true—language is one of the most complex of all human cognitive
abilities.
4. It is wrong, however, to exaggerate the similarity between language and other cognitive
skills, because language stands apart in several ways.
5. For one thing, the use of language is universal—all normally developing children learn to
speak at least one language, and many learn more than one.
37.
A. 42531
B. 42513
C. 45123
D. 45123
1. They assume that they're using their shareholders' resources efficiently if the company's
performance—especially ROE and earnings per share—is good and if the shareholders don't
rebel.
2. The top executives of the large, mature, publicly held companies hold the conventional view
when they stop to think of the equity owners' welfare.
3. So companies investing well grow, enriching themselves and shareholders alike, and ensure
competitiveness; companies investing poorly shrink, resulting, perhaps, in the replacement
of management.
4. In short, stock market performance and the company's financial performance are inexorably
linked.
5. They assume that the stock market automatically penalizes any corporation that invests its
resources poorly.
38.
A.
B.
C.
D.
12345
21534
54321
32451
1. In 2001, the government egged on by WWF, a green group, tried to regulate logging in the
relatively small part of the Peruvian Amazon where this is allowed. It abolished the previous
system of annual contracts.
2. Instead, it auctioned 40-year concessions to areas ruled off on a map, with the right to log
5% of the area each year.
3. SEPAHUA, a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru’s Amazon jungle, nestles in a pocket on
the map where a river of the same name flows into the Urubamba.
4. The aim was to encourage strict management plans and sustainable extraction.
5. That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally loggable land sandwiched between four natural
reserves, all rich in mahogany and accessible from the town.
39.
A.
B.
C.
D.
35124
31524
42153
42513
1. The average individual is of less value to himself, to his family and to society than he could
be.
2. We are losing every year a vast army of individuals who are in their productive prime.
3. Of course, most people are well enough to attend to their work, but nearly all are suffering
from some ill, mental or physical, acute or chronic.
4. There is too much illness, too much suffering.
5. It is natural to be healthy, but we have wandered so far astray that disease is the rule and
good health the exception.
40.
A.
B.
C.
D.
53124
52431
53421
52134