TRANSFORMER SULIS RAHMADANI HUTAGALUNG 170402065 HISTORY Transformer is an electrical tool that can be use to move and change electrical energy from one and more electrical circuit to a coupling of magnet and based of electromagnetic induction MECHANICAL ENERGY ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER ELECTRICAL ENERGY TRANSFORMER ENERGY page 2 WHY TRANSFORMER BEING USED ? There are some reasons why transformers are being used, just like : 1. The voltage that has been produced by the sources is not suitable with the user's voltage 2. The sources is usually far from the user, so high voltage is needed. (on the transmission network) 3. User requirements need various voltage page 3 HISTORY 1831, Michael faraday demonstrated a coil that produced a voltage from another coil 1832, Joseph Henry found that a quick change of flux could produce a quite high of coil voltage 1836, Nicholas Callan modify Henry's invention with two coils. 1850 – 1884, The invention era of AC generator and the use of ac electricity 1885, Georges Westinghouse & William Stanley developed transformes according to AC generator 1889, Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolski developed 3 first-phase transformer page 4 KINDS OF TRANSFORMER Based on it’s function, the transformer is divided into : Based on Voltage level Transformer Step Up & Transformer Step Down Based on it’s function Measurement Transformer • Potential Transformer (PT) • Current Transformer (CT) • There are several types of differences between the voltage and the current transformer. One of the major difference between them is that the current transformer converts the high value of current into low value whereas the potential or voltage transformer converts the high value of voltages into low voltage. Power Transformer: is an electric device which is used to step up or step down the voltage level of the supply fed to its primary winding . page 5 POWER TRANSFORMER IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AREVA,Power Transformer Fundamental (2008) page 6 SYMBOL OF TRANSFORMER 1 phase Transformer 3 phase Transformer Yd page 7 SYMBOL OF TRANSFORMER page 8 WORKING PROCEDURE OF TRANSFORMER The basic principle of a transformer is mutual induction between two circuits connected by magnetic flux. In its simple form, the transformer consists of two induction coils which are electrically separated but magnetically connected by a path that has a low relactance. Both coils have high mutual induction. If one coil is connected with an alternating voltage source, alternating flux arises in the iron core that is connected to another coil causing or inducing an EMF (electromagnetic force) induction (in accordance with the electromagnetic induction) of faraday's law, When alternating current back flowing at the inductor, then the electromagnetic force (EMF) will arise. page 9 THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER AREVA,Power Transformer Fundamental (2008) KINDS OF TRANSFORMER COOLER • Dry Type: • AA: Natural air cooler • AFA: Cooling of pumped air • Wet Type: • ONAN : Oil Natural Air Natural • ONAF : Oil Natural Air Forced • OFAF : Oil Forced Air Forced TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM OVER CURRENT RELAY Yd CB CT CT OCR OCR Protect transformers from overcurrent Overcurrent is current that exceeds the nominal current in a certain period of time CB CONCLUTION Transformer is an electronic component that serves to deliver power / electric power from high voltage to low voltage or reverse (transform voltage). A transformer consists of two or more turns that are linked together with a shared magnetic field. The transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The alternating input voltage that spans the primer gives rise to magnetic fluxes which ideally all connect with the secondary winding. This alternating flux induces EMF in the secondary winding. If efficiency is perfect, all the power in the primary winding will be transferred to the secondary winding. REFERENCE • Utomo, Heri Budi.(2002).Overhaul Trafo Tenaga Tegangan Tinggi & Extra Tinggi. • AREVA T&D. (2008). Power Transformers (Vol. 1 Fundamentals). Paris: Areva T&D.
