Problem Based Learning ppt

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
(PROB. BL)
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PROB. BL)
 What is the historical background of Prob.BL?
 What is definition the Prob.BL?
 What are the characteristic of problem in Prob. BL?
 How ids the Prob. BL process?
 What are the example of classroom procedures by using Prob. BL?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Prob. BL?
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Problem Based Learning was created by Howard Barrows in 1986
as an instructional method in medical school to prepare students
their educational experiences for real world problems of practicing
doctors; consequently, they began using problem-based learning
environments to examine, diagnose and solve real-world patient
problems. The students work in team and designed a medical
practitioner who act as facilitator. It has become popular for its
clear benefits for students to engage in real experiences.
HOWARD BARROWS
Howard S. Barrows (March 28, 1928 – March 25,
2011) was an American physician and medical
educator who was Professor Emeritus at the
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine,
where he had perviously served as Associate Dean
for Educational Affairs and Chair of Medical
Education. Trained as a neurologist, he is best
known today for his many innovations in medical
education, particularly teaching using Problem
Based Learning (PBL), assessing clinical skill using
stimulated patients, and studying clinical reasoning
using stimulated recall techniques.
DEFINITION OF PROB. BL
Pro.BL is a teaching and learning strategy that challenges
students to seek solutions to real-world problems. The problems are
designed to arouse student curiosity, attempt to engage students in
authentic and interesting types of activities, and prepare them to
think
critically
and
cooperative/collaborative
analytically.
learning
As
groups
students
they
work
in
examine
the
problem, research or discuss, and produce explanation or solution.
First, Boud & Feletti (1991) define that Prob. BL is an
instructional methodology based on presenting the students an
“ill-defined” problem for which they are collaboratively research
and propose the potential solutions. Key professional problems
serve as the stimulus and focus for the student activity”.
Second, Finkle and Torp (1995) state that Prob. BL as, “a
curriculum
development
and
instructional
system
that
simultaneously develops both problem solving strategies and
disciplinary knowledge bases and skills by placing students in the
active role of problem solvers confronted with an ill-structured
problem that mirrors real-world problems”.
UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF PROB. BL
Prob. BL as originated by John Dewey’s (1897) constructivism.
Dewey (1904) believes education as a tool for solving problems in real
life, so there are connection between school and real life, between
theory and practice. Knowledge and ideas emerge from the situation
which learners have to draw out the important experiences. These
situation occur in a social context (classroom), where students join in
manipulating materials, create a learners community who build their
knowledge together. Constructivism also views education as a way for
students to construct knowledge during active learning process while the
teacher acts as a facilitator.
Schunk (2004) explains that constructivist view education as a way
for students build meaning during active learning process and provide a
stimulating learning environment.
CHARACTERISTIC OF PRO. BL
PROCESS
PROB. BL
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBLEM IN PROB. BL
ill-defined problem means a problem with the multiple possible
solutions. The students encounter different ways to solve the
problem, while discuss it in the group discussion. They should not
initially know all the information needed, but they must search more
information to solve it. (Stepien & Gallagher, 1993)
ill-structured here means complex problem in real life such as
politic, economy, social or natural science. It must not be limited in
scope and must be conducive to many interpretations and solutions.
The problem also can be theoretical, practical, technology,
social, technical, symbolic/cultural, scientific and grows out students
wondering wIthin different disclipine and professional environment.
The problem may involve an interdisclipinary approach in both the
analysis and solving phases. It also integrated (related to the other
subject (social or natural science), authentic material (related to real
life), such as the problem consists of conflict issue, clear,
understandable, useful, familiarity, universality (related to many
person), context (based on curriculum), and interesting material.
EXAMPLE OF CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES BY USING PROB. BL
• Letter or Post Card
Problem: Invitation letter or invitation card (invite the students (family) for
sky vacation).
Process (research/investigate (source) – solution):
The students discuss the problem, understand the letter/card (dictionary usage),
find out all relevant vocabulary needed then prepare for the trip. The students
break up into family and research the area, potential cost, exchange rate,
necessary sky gear and all of the words related of it (by dictionary or internet).
Phamflet,
Brochure,
Flyer etc
Holiday
Vacation
What should we
know and
investigate?
Cost, day (trip) ,
time etc
• The Silent Video
Problem: Making soundtrack for the short video”.
Process (research/investigate (source) – solution):
The video is 10 minutes or less and from wherever (with no sound). The
students must view the video, interpret what is going on, find language to
support what is being shown visually, observe few technical things (like
working a cassete player or audio dub onto videotape). The students have an
opportunity to be creative, add music and title.
For exp: motivation video (mother)
we add music /instrument (slow) and title (Respect Our Mother)
FILM / MOVIE
problem : making movie trailer
• Multimedia Design Corporation
Prob. BL is an ideal approaches to instructional design for multimedia
and online technologies. It enables students the high level learning
outcomes by using the multimedia package.
The problem is stated by certain multimedia design (memo of
president), ask for the students to produce an interactive multimedia
demonstration on transportation. The students must determine related
words, work with graphic, text and audio.
Kind of
Multimedia:
1. (Paper-based),
2. (Light-based),
3. (Audio-based)
4. (Moving-imagebased),
5. (Digilatallybased)
• Website Design Corporation
Problem: Making a website magazine about their school.
Process (research/investigate (source) – solution):
The students must gain valuable knowledge in web servers, web
design and linguistic skill.
ADVANTAGES OF PROB. BL
 Advantages (benefits):
The students can develop greater communication and social
interaction by using group and discussion, critical thinking, proactive thinking, problem solving (challenge to open-end problem),
self-directed learning, ability to find and use appropriate resouces,
performance ability, focus on student-centered learning etc.
DISADVANTAGES OF PROB. BL
Disadvantages (risk):
Changing the curriculum (2013); If the students pesimistic, they will
feel the the problem is difficult to be solved; Not all teachers can
become good facilitators, they need to be dedicated and trainedProb.
BL design is very timely to set and to prepare. It needs careful
consideration in design and monitored throughout entire Prob. BL
process.