TM1-Pertemuan-7 - Terminologi Medis 1

TM SISTEM MATA DAN TELINGA
PERTEMUAN 7
DR MAYANG ANGGRAINI
PRODI MIK, FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU
KESEHATAN
KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN
• Memahami ejaan istilah struktur dan fungsi, berbagai akar kata (Root),
definisi/arti dan ejaan istilah medis umum, medis penyakit/gangguan,
berikut istilah diagnostik dan terapi-operasi sistem mata dan telinga.
SENSORY SYSTEM: THE EYE
STRUKTUR dan FUNGSI MATA
• Bola mata terletak di dalam rongga orbit mata di bagian depan tengkorak
kepala.
• Struktur mata terbagi dalam 3 lapisan (tunics).
• Struktur menjalankan fungsi untuk menerima sinar cahaya, membelokkan
(refraksi) sinar cahaya terkait, dan mentransmisinya ke saraf sebagai
impuls yang dibangkitkan oleh sinar cahaya ke lobus opticus otak.
SENSORY SYSTEM: THE EYE (Lanjutan)
Begitu cahaya sampai lobus occipital, mereka diinterpretasi sebagai
gambar bayangan yang dilihat mata.
Visi mata sangat bergantung pada:
kesehatan mata kita,
pengelihatan berkaitan dengan
saraf, dan otak kita.
AKAR KATA ORGAN MATA
Akar Kata
Definisi
Contoh Istilah B. Penggabung
aque/o-
= watery (cair mirip air)
aqueous humor
blephar/o-
= eyelid (kelopak mata)
blepharoptosis
conjuntiv/o-
= conjunctiva (konjuntiva)
conjunctivitis
corne/o-
= cornea (kornea)
corneoblepharon
dacry/odacrycyst/o-
= tears (air mata)
= tear sac
(kantung a. mata)
dacryoma
dacryocele /
dacrocystocele
(Lanjutan-1)
Akar Kata
glauc/o-
Definisi
Contoh Istilah B. Penggabung
= silver, gray (keperakan) glaucoma
ir/o-; irid/o-
= iris
iridectomy
kerat/o-
= kornea
keratoconjunctivitis
lacrim/o-
= air mata
lacrimation
ocul/o-
= mata
oculomycosis
ophthalm/o-
= mata
ophthalmoplegia
(Lanjutan-2)
Akar Kata
B. Penggabung
opt/o
Definisi
Contoh Istilah
= mata, vision
optic, optical
palpebr/o
= kelopak mata
palpebra,palpebral
phac/o-; phak/o- = lensa mata
phacometer
phot/o-
= light (cahaya)
photophobia
pupill/o-
= pupil mata
pupillometer
(Lanjutan-3)
Akar Kata
B. Penggabung
retin/o-
Definisi
Contoh Istilah
= retina
retinopathy
retinitis
retinoscopy
scler/o-
= sclera, sklera (keras)
scleroplasty
sclerokeratitis
uve/o
= uvea
uveitis
vitre/o-
= glassy; yelly-like
corpus vitrium
STRUKTUR MATA
Struktur mata terbagi menjadi 3 lapisan
tunics:
lapisan terluar = Sclera
lapisan tengah = Choroid
lapisan terdalam = Retina
Pada masing lapisan ada struktur tambahan yang mempunyai fungsi spesifik
terkait pengelihatan.
(Lihat gambar: Mata)
(Lanjutan-1)
Lapisan terluar, terdiri dari:
-
Sclera: jaringan fibrosa kuat pembentuk
tampilan bola mata, dan pelindung bagian terluar mata
-
Cornea: bagian transparan (luar) mata penutup iris mata
-
Conjunctiva: selaput mukosa pembatas bagian luar mata serta bagian
dalam kelopak mata.
(Lanjutan-2)
• Lapisan tengah, terdiri dari:
Choroid: lapisan jaringan di bawah sklera yang mengandung banyak
pembuluh darah dan saraf.
Iris: otot mengelilingi pupil mata,menimbulkan warna khusus mata.
Iris mengatur lebar lobang bulatan pupil untuk mengontrol sinar
cahaya yang lewat.
Pupil: bulatan bagian tertengah mata
Crystalline lens: kedudukan lensa dihubungkan ke choroid oleh
Corpus cilliaris yang ditahan oleh Suspentory ligaments
Choroid, iris, corpus cilliaris menjadi satu
kesatuan yang disebut; UVEA
(Lanjutan-4)
Lapisan Terdalam:
- Retina: jaringan saraf sensoris yang membungkus bagian dalam mata,
terdiri dari susunan sel saraf rods & cones, yang mengkonversi
gelombang sinar menjadi impuls saraf.
-
Rods: bertanggungjawab terhadap visi (ketajaman pengelihatan) pada
cahaya redup dan periferal
Cones: bertanggungjawab terhadap visi pada cahaya terang, sentral dan
warna.
-
Optic disk (discus opticus): area di belakang mata tempat berhentinya
ujung saraf mata yang berasal dari retina bersatu menjadi
Nervus Opticus (Saraf cranialis ke 2)
-
Nervus opticus menstranmisi impuls ke lobus occipitalis otak besar
(cerebrum).
CAVITIES of the EYE
Bagian interior mata ada 2 (dua) kavitas:
(1) Anterior cavity: terdiri dari anterior chamber yang ada di depan lensa
dan postrior chamber yang ada di bagian area di belakang lensa.
(2) Posterior cavity: cavitas terisi substansi bening seperti jelly yang
disebut Vitreus humor yang membentuk fisik bola mata.
Vitreous humor diperlukan untuk pengelihatan, apabila bola mata cedera dan
cairan ini mengalir keluar maka akan mengakibatkan: kebutaan.
Agueous dan vitreous humor membantu pembiasan sinar cahaya sewaktu
melintas masuk ke bola mata menuju ke retina.
Cont.• When an object is near, the lens is shortened and becomes thicker; when
an object is distant, the lens is lengthened and become thinner.
• Ametropia is a general term that means the eye has a refractive error (an
error in focusing), such as:
myopia,
hyperopia,
astigmatism or
anisometropia.
• None of these is a disease in the ordinary sense of the word, they are
caused simply by:
variations of shape
and
focusing ability of the eye.
Reading: The Eye
HYPEROPIA
Hyperopia (farsightedness): light rays focus behind the retina tends to run in
the families.
Mild and moderate in the young is overcome by accommodation  correction
can be done by glasses or contact lens with convex lenses to reinforce focusing
power.
(CONT.- 2)
MYOPIA
Myopia (nearsightedness): light rays focus in the front of the retina.
uncorrected myopia, the images of distant objects are focused in
front of the retina and appear blurred
reduced by a concave (negative) lens
Reading: The Eye (Cont.-3)
• Presbyopia is the progressive loss of accomodation (ability to focus at near
range) with age.
• Amblyopia (poor vision in one eye without any obvious structural
abnormality) (lazy eye) is often due to strabismus.
• The external eye:
Behind the brilliant transparency of the cornea is the fluid-filled front
chamber of the eye.
At the back is the iris, with the round pupil in the center.
Reading: The Eye (Cont.-4)
• Movement of the eye:
Movement of each eyeball occurs as the result of contraction of one or
more of the muscles attached around it.
There are six of these muscles, each one of which pulls the eye in a specific
direction.
• Investigation:
Because of the transparency of its structures, the eye is particularly
accessible for examination.
Many of the disease processes affecting it can be viewed directly by use of
the ophthalmo-scope and slit lamp. Photography of the retina and
fluorescein angiography are also used.
Reading: The Eye (Cont.-6)
• Disorders of eyelashes:
Eyelashes are arranged in two rows at the front edge of each lid and curve
outward. Growth in an abnormal direction may due to injury to the lid or,
more commonly, infection.
Occasionally. Lashes grow in an abnormal direction for no obvious reason.
With age, the lashes become finer.
Reading: The Eye (Cont.-7)
• Severe blepharitis (eyelid infection) may cause the lid margins to be so
damaged that lash roots are destroyed.
Trachoma, an eye infection in which the lid is distorted by scarring, may
lead to trichiasis, a condition in which the lashes turn inward.
They may rub against the cornea, causing corneal abrasion.
• Eyestrain:
A term often used to describe aching or discomfort in the eye.
Eyestrain is not accept the popular belief
that the eyes can be damaged by being
used.
Eye drops
Medication in solution for the treatment of the eye disorders or to aid in
diagnosis.
To use eye drops, the lower lid is held away from the eye and the drop
allowed to fall behind it.
Care should be taken to avoid touching the skin or eye with the dropper to
reduce the risk of contamination.
Common examples of drugs given in this form are:
antibiotics,
corticosteroids,
antihistamines,
drugs to control glaucoma, and
drugs to dilate or
constrict the pupil.
STRUKTUR ASESORIS MATA
Struktur asesori mata meliputi:
-
orbit = eye socket (bagian tulang)
eyebrows (alis mata)
eyelids (kelopak mata, atas dan bawah)
eyelashes (bulu mata)
oil glands (kelenjar minyak) = meibomian glands antara conjunctiva
dan jaringan kedua kelopak mata
(Lanjutan)
-
lacrimal glands (kelenjar air mata) (di bagian luar)
fluid (cairan)
lacrimal sacs (kantung) (bagian duct yang melebar)
lacrimal ducts. Nasolacrimal duct
Fungsi struktur asesori adalah melindungi mata dari penyakit dan cedera.
ISTILAH MEDIS TERKAIT MATA
Istilah medis terkait mata terbagi dalam 3 (tiga) kategori utama:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Istilah medis umum
Istilah medis penyakit dan kondisi
Istilah medis prosedur diagnostik, operasi, test-test laboratorium.
(Lanjutan)
Contoh: Roots dan Prefixes untuk Mata:
Root: Arti
blast/o- = imatur
dipl/o- = dua/dobel
fund/o- = fundus
Prefix
ecten-; esoex
intrapresby-
Arti
= di luar/bagian Luar
= dalam/ke dalam
= luar/ke luar (dasar)
= di dalam
= tua
Contoh Suffixes untuk Mata
Suffix
-ectomy
-ist
-itis
-metry
-opia
-(o)tomy
-pathy
-plasty
-ptosis
Arti
= operasi
mengangkat
= spesialis
= inflamasi
= mengukur
= visi
= insisi ke dalam
= penyakit
= operasi
perbaikan
= jatuh/turun
Suffix
Arti
-scope = instrumen
untuk melihat
-tropia = membelok
-tropion = pembelokan
ISTILAH MEDIS UMUM MATA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Istilah
intraocular
lacrimal
miotic
nasolacrimal
ophthalmologsit
ophthalmology
optician
optometrist
optometry
• visual acuity
Arti
= berkaitan dengan bag. dalam mata
= berkaitan dengan air mata
= berkaitan konstriksi pupil (obat)
= berkaitan dengan hidung dan saluran air mata
= spesialis mata
= ilmu penyakit mata
= ahli kacamata
= dokter optometry
= mengukur dan mentest ketajaman
pengelihatan dan koreksi lensa
= ketajaman pengelihatan
ISTILAH PENYAKIT & GANGGUAN MATA
Istilah
Definisi
astigmatism = eror refraksi mata yang mengakibatkan sinar cahaya tidak terfokus normal di retina,
disebabkan oleh bentuk kornea yang tidak normal.
Kode ICD-10 (67) (compound)(congenital)(any type)
H52.2
[400] H52 Disorders of refraction & accommod.
H52.0 Hypermetropia
H52.1 Myopia Exc.: ...
H52.2 Astigmatism
(Lanjutan-1)
Istilah
Definisi
blepharitis
= inflamasi kelopak mata
Kode ICD-10 (79) (angularis)(ciliaris)(eyelid)(marginal)(nonulcerative)(squamous)
ulcertaive) H01.0
H01 Other inflammation of eyelid
[380] H01.0 Blepharitis. Excl.: ....
blepharoptosis
= kelopak mata menurun
Kode ICD-10 (79) H02.4
- congenital Q10.0
[380] H02.4 Ptosis of eyelid
(Lanjutan-2)
Istilah
Definisi
cataract
= pengeruhan progresif lensa mata
Kode ICD-10 (99)
(cortical)(immature)(incipient) (see
also Cataracta) H26.9
(100) Cataracta (see also Cataract) H26.9
[390] H26 Other cataract Excl.: ...
H26.0 s/d H26.4, H26.8
H26.9 Cataract, unspecified
(Lanjutan-3)
Istilah
Definisi
chalazion
= benjolan/kista di kelopak mata yang timbul akibat
kelenjar meibomian tersumbat
Kode ICD-10 (102) H00.1
[380] H00 Hordeolum and chalazion
H00.0 Hordeolum & other deep inflam. ...
H00.1 Chalazion
conjunctivitis = inflamasi konjungtiva
Kode ICD-10 (152) (in)(due to) H10.9
[383] H10.9 Conjunctivitis, unspecified.
(Lanjutan-4)
Istilah
Definisi
dacryocystitis
= inflamasi pada kantung air mata
Kode ICD-10 (172)
(acute)(phlegmonous) H04.3
[382] H04.3 Acute and unspecified inflammation
of lacrimal passages
Excl.: ...
detached retina/ = retina lepas dari lapisan choroid ablatio retina mata
Kode ICD-10 (199) Detachment retina (without
retinal break) H33.2
- with retinal break H33.0
[392] H33.0 atau H33.2 (ada/tidak retinal break)
(Lanjutan-5)
Istilah
color blind
Definisi
= tidak mampu mengenal warna tertentu
(tidak bisa “melihat”)
Kode ICD-10 (79) Blind - see also Blindness
 Blindness color H53.5
[401- 402] H53.5 Colours vision deficiencies. Excl.:
diabetic retinopathy = gangguan retina berikut pembuluh Darahnya pada
DM yang tak terkontrol dengan baik
Kode ICD-10 (555) diabetic (see also E10-E14 with
4th character .3) E14.3 H36.0*
[252-254] Unspecified DM with ophthalmic complication (retinopathy).
(Lanjutan-6)
Istilah
Definisi
diplopia
=
visi dobel/pengelihatan dobel
Kode ICD-10 (204)
H53.2
[401] H53.2 Diplopia
Double vision
ectropion
=
margin bulu mata terbalik ke
luar (> pada kelopak bawah)
Kode ICD-10 (245) H02.1
[380] H02 Other disorders of eyelid
Excl.: congenital malformation of eyelid (Q...)
H02.1 Ectropion of eyelid
(Lanjutan-7)
Istilah
Definisi
entropion
><
ectropion
Kode ICD-10 (259) (cicatrical)(eyelid)(paralytic)
(senile)(spastic) H02.0
[380] H02.0 Entropion and trichiasis of eyelid
esotropia = starbismus konvengens (cross-eyed)
Kode ICD-10 (264) (alternating)(monocular)H50.0
[399] H50.0 Convergent concomitant strabismus
exophthalmia (exophthalmos) = mata menonjol ke
Kode ICD-10 (267) H05.2
luar.
[382] H05.2 Exophthalmic conditions
(Lanjutan 8)
Istilah
exotropia
Definisi
=
bola mata memutar ke luar
(divergent strabismus) (walleyed)
Kode ICD-10 (267) (alternating)(monocular) H50.1 [399] H50
Other strabismus
H50.1 Divergent concomitant strabismus
Exotropia (alternating)(monocular),
except intermittent
strabismus = juling
Kode ICD-10 (593) (alternating)(congenital)(nonparalytic) H50.9
[400] H50.9 Strabismus, unspecified
(Lanjutan-9)
Istilah
Definisi
glaucoma
=
tekanan intraocular meninggi
Kode ICD-10 (297-298) H40.9
[395] H40.9 Glaucoma, unspecified.
hordeolum
=
infeksi bakterial pada kelenjar minyak
atau folikel bulu mata (sty) (bintiten)
Kode ICD-10 (324) (eyelid)(external)(internal)
(recurrent) H00.0
[380] H00.0 Hordeolum and other deep inflammation of eyelid
(abscess, furuncle, Stye) of eyelid
(Lanjutan 10)
Istilah
Definisi
iritis =
inflamasi dari iris mata
Kode ICD-10 (381) (see also Iridocyclitis) H20.9
[387] H20.9 Iridocylitis, unspecified
keratitis
=
inflamasi dari kornea mata
Kode ICD-10 (386) (nonulceration) H16.9
[385] H16.9 Keratitis, unspecified
hyperopia = gangguan pengelihatan jarak dekat (rabun dekat)
Kode ICD-10 (330) H52.0
[400] H52.0 Hypermetropia
(Lanjutan 11)
Istilah
Definisi
myopia
gangguan pengelihatan jarak
jauh (rabun jauh)
Kode ICD-10 (433) (axial)(congenital)(progressive)
[400] H52.1 Excl.: degenerative myopia (H44.2)
nyctalopia
=
=
gangguan pengelihatan pada malam hari
Kode ICD-10 (481) (night blindness) H53.6
- vitamin A deficiency E50.5 H58.1*
[264] E50.5 Vit. A deficiency with night blindness
[404] H58.1* Visual disturbances in diseases
classified elsewhere.
(Lanjutan 12)
Istilah
Definisi
photophobia =
peka abnormal terhadap cahaya (silau)
Kode ICD-10 (513) Photophobia H53.1
[401] H53.1 Subjective visual disturbances
Excl: visual hallucinations (R44.1)
photoretinitis=
kerusakan atau peradangan
retina akibat terlampau banyak
terpajan sinar cahaya
Kode ICD-10 (513) H31.0
[391] H31.0 Chorioretinal scare; solar retinopathy
(Lanjutan-13)
Istilah
Definisi
presbyopia
= gangguan membaca pada jarak yang
umum (kira-kira jarak satu kaki dari mata), karena lanjut
usia (akibat elastisitet lensa menurun)
Kode ICD-10 (533) H52.4
[400] H52.4 Presbyopia
pterygium
= pertumbuhan iregular disertai penebalan
konjungtiva di daerah nasal kornea mata
Kode ICD-10 (543) (eye) H11.0
[383] H11.0 Pterigium.
Excl.: pseudopterygium
(Lanjutan-14)
Istilah
Definisi
retinitis pigmentosa = penyakit degenerasi retina tanpa inflamasi 
mengganggu pengelihatan malam hari disertai penyempitan
medan pengelihatan.
Kode ICD-10 (555) pigmentosa H35.5
[394] H35.5 Hereditary retinal dystrophy
retinoblastoma
= tumor ganas retina
Kode ICD-10 (555) (M9510/3) C69.2
[1046] M9510/3 Retinoblastoma NOS (C69.2)
[190] C69.2 Retina
C69 Malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa
Excl.: ....
(Lanjutan-15)
Istilah
Definisi
retinopathy
= gangguan/penyakit retina
Kode ICD-10 (555) (background)(Coats)(exudative)
(hypertensive) H35.0
[393] H35.0 Background retinopathy and retinal
vascular changes.
nystagmus
= gerak involunter mata yang bisa
dirasakan atau tidak dirasa oleh
yang bersangkutan
Kode ICD-10 (481) (congenital)(deprivation)
(dissociated)(latent) H55
[404] H55.X Nystagmus and other irregular eye
movements
(Lanjutan-16)
Istilah
Definisi
sclerokeratitis =
inflamasi sklera dan kornea
Kode ICD-10 (567) H16.8
[385] H16.8 Other keratitis
strabismus
= mata tidak mampu untuk memandang lurus ke satu
arah akibat kelemahan otot mata (juling/kero)
Kode ICD-10 (593) (alternating)(congenital)(nonparalytic) H50.9
[400] H50.9 Strabismus, unspecified
(Lanjutan-17)
Istilah
Definisi
trachoma
= infeksi kronik menular pada konjungtiva dengan
tanda dan gejala hipertrofi dari konjungtiva
Kode ICD-10 (624) trachomatous A71.9
[127-128] A71.9 Trachoma, unspecified.
uveitis
= inflamasi pada iris, corpus cilliaris dan choroid mata.
Kode ICD-10 (646) (anterior)(see also Iridocyclitis)
[387] H20.9 Iridocyclitis, unspecified
ISTILAH TIDANKAN DIAGNOSTIK & TERAPI
MATA
Istilah
blepharoplasty
corneal transplant
cryoextraction of
the lens
enucleation of the eye
extracapsuar cataract
extraction (ECCE)
funduscopy
iridectomy
Definisi
= operasi plastik kelopak mata
= transplantasi kornea mata
= mengangkat lensa mata dengan
alat (probe) pendingin
= mengangkat bola mata dari orbit
= mengangkat lensa berserta
segmen anterior kapsul lensa
= memeriksa bagian fundus mata (belakang dari
bagian dalam mata) dengan ophthalmoscope
= eksisi iris mata
(Lanjutan-1)
Istilah
Definisi
intraocular lens implant = implantasi lensa mata, umumnya bersamaan
dengan ekstraksi katarak
keratoplasty
= operasi plastik kornea
ophthalmoscope
= instrument untuk melihat ke bagian dalam mata
ophthalmoscopy
= proses pemeriksaan mata bagian interior (dalam)
phacoemulsification
= penghancuran lensa mata/ katarak menjadi
partikel halus yang bisa disedot keluar
(sucction/aspiration)
(Lanjutan-2)
Istilah
Definisi
photo-refractive
= pengangkatan sel-2 lapisan kornea untuk mengkoreksi
keratectomy (PRK)
keadaan myopia
radical keratomy (RK) = spokelike incisions ke dalam kornea untuk
mengkoreksi rabun jauh
retinal photocoagulation = operasi plastik retina untuk mengkoreksi retina
yang lepas (detachment) dan mencegah perdarahan pembuluh darah retina.
(Lanjutan-3)
Istilah
scleral bucking
Definisi
= perbaikan retina lepas dengan menreseksi atau melipat
sclera ke dalam
trabeculectomy = eksisi bagian kornea dan jaringan sklera untuk mengurangi
tekanan intraocular
virectomy
= pengangkatan semua bagian vitreuos humor
Code ICD-9-CM Vol 3
1. blepharoplasty - see also Reconstruction, eyelid 08.70
2. Funduscopy
3. iridectomy
- (basal)(buttonhole)(optical)(perpheral)
(total) 12.14
- with ...
- capsulectomy 13.65
dst.
4. Keratoplasty - (tectonic)(with autograft)(with
homograft) 11.60
dst.
(Lanjutan-1)
5. ophthalmoscopy - 16.21
6. vitrectomy
- (mechanical)(posterior approach) 14.74
- with scleral buckling 14.49’
- anterior approach 14.73
7. photocoagulation
- ciliary body 12.73
- eye, eyeball 16.99
- iris 12.41
- orbital lesion 16.92
dst.
8. enucleation - see also Excission, lesion, by site
- eyeball 16.49
- - with implant (into Tenon’s capsule) 16.42
with attachment of muscles 16.41
-
-
(Lanjutan-3)
9. phacoemulsification (ultrasonic)(with aspiration) 13.41
10. cryoextraction , lens - see also Extraction, cataract,
intracapsular 13.19
Extraction lens (eye) - see also Extraction, cataract
13.19
13.19 Other intracapsular extraction of lens
Cataract extraction NOS
Cryoextraction of lens
Erysiphake extraction of cataract
Extraction of lens NOS
ABBREVIATIONS
• Abbreviation
EOM
ICCE
IOL
IOP
OD
OS
OU
PERRLA
PRK
REM
RK
VA
VF
Istilah lengkap
= extraocular movement
= intracapsular cataract extraction
= intraocular lens
= intraocular pressure
= oculus dextra (dexter)
= oculus sinistra (sinister)
= oculus uterque (each eye)
= pupil equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
= photo-reactive keratectomy
= rapid eye movement
= radical keratotomy
= visual acuity.
= visual field
SISTEM SESORIS: TELINGA
• Struktur telinga terdiri dari:
-
Bagian terluar di kanan kiri kepala disebut
External ear (telinga luar)
• Struktur internal terletak di dalam tengkorak kepala terbagi menjadi:
Middle ear (telinga tengah)
Inner ear (telinga dalam)
• Secara menyeluruh struktur telinga berfungsi untuk menjalankan tugas:
(1)
menerima sensoris pendengaran
(2)
menjadi organ sensoris kesetimbangan tubuh
HEARING PATHWAY
Suara masuk telinga
ke bagian tengah
ke bagian dalam,
di sini diubah jadi impuls listrik
ditransmisi ke cortex cerebri untuk
di-interpretasikan sebagai pendengaran.
AKAR KATA: TELINGA
• Akar Kata
B. Penggabung
acoust/oaudio/ocochle/olabyrinth/omyring/oot/ostaped/o-
tympan/o-
Definisi
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
hearing (pendengaran)
pendengaran; suara
cochlea (koklea)
inner sac; labyrinth (telinga tengah)
eardrum (genderang telinga)
ear (telinga)
stapes; middle ear bone (tulang
telinga tengah)
= eardrum
STRUKTUR TELINGA
• Telinga eksterna (luar) (external ear) meliputi:
(1) auricle (pinna) = daun telinga yang terdiri dari tulang rawan,
berfungsi sebagai pengarah jalan masuknya gelombang suara ke dalam
telinga.
(2) External cannal (auditory cannal) = saluran telinga yang terlapisi
rambut cilia dan ceruminous glands (kelenjar kotoran telinga).
Cilia mengatur arah gelombang suara melalui canal.
Kelenjar serumen menghasilkan cerumen (earwax)
berfungsi sebagai pelindung dan pelumat telinga
(Lanjutan-1)
(3)
Tympanic membrane (eardrum) (genderang telinga) memisahkan
telinga luar dari telinga tengah
 berfungsi mentransmisi
gelombang suara ke dalam telinga tengah.
Telinga tengah (middle ear) meliputi 3 (tiga)
tulang kecil = Ossicles
(4)
malleus = bagian yang terdekat ke genderang =
hammer (bentuk pukul besi).
(5)
incus = anvil, mirip bentuk alas pandai besi
(Lanjutan-2)
(6) stapes = stirrup karena mirip bentuk alas injak kaki pelana kuda, dan
(7)
Telinga tengah = eustachian tube yang menghubungkan telinga
tengah ke pharynx. Menguap dan menelan akan membuka saluran
ini untuk mengatur tekanan antara telinga tengah dan udara luar.
Gelombang suara memvibrasi genderang  menggerakan tulangtulang  malleus mentransmisi ke incus  stapes  memvibrasi ke
(8)
oval window = penyekat batas telinga tengah dan
dalam.
(Lanjutan-3)
• Telinga bagian dalam labyrinth meliputi:
(9)
vestibule
(10) semicircular cannals
(11) cochlea yang berbentuk spiral mirip rumah siput terisi:
cairan dan
organ corti.
(Lanjutan)
Organ corti berfungsi sebagai penerima vibrasi suara dan mengkonversi ke
dalam impuls saraf  yang oleh saraf acoustic diteruskan ke otak dan dikenal
sebagai suara khusus.
Canalis semisirkularis berlanjut ke vestibul dan berisi cairan yang diperlukan
untuk kesetimbangan (balance) tubuh dan keseimbangan (equilibrium).
TERMINOLOGI MEDIS terkait TELINGA
Istilah medis telinga dikelompokkan menjadi 3 (tiga):
(1)
(2)
(3)
Istilah medis umum
Istilah medis penyakit atau gangguan
Istilah medis prosedur:
- diagnostik,
- operasi,
- tes-tes laboratorium.
(Lanjutan)
Akar kata/
b. penggabung
Arti
Suffix
Laryng/o-
= larynx
-cusis; cusia pendengaran
Myc/o-
= jamur
-oma
Rhin/o-
= hidung -rrhae
-(o)tomy
-plasty
-metry
-gram
Arti
tua/ manula
Prefix
Old
Arti
tumor
aliran ke luar
insisi ke dalam
operasi plastik
mengukur
gambar
ISTILAH MEDIS UMUM terkait TELINGA
Istilah
Acoustic
Audiologist
Audiology
Auditory
Cochlear
Otologist
Otorhinolaryngologist
Otorhinolaryngology
Otology
Otoscope
Arti
= terkait pendengaran
= seorang spesialis pengevaluasi
ketajaman pendengaran dan tuli
= ilmu tentang pendengaran
= terkait pendengaran
= terkait cohlea telinga
= dokter spesialis ilmu pengobatan
penyakit/gangguan telinga
= dokter spesialis THT
= ilmu ENT (THT)
= ilmu telinga
= alat untuk memeriksa telinga.
ISTILAH MEDIS PENYAKIT/
GANGGUAN TELINGA (Kode ICD-10)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
1.
acoustic neuroma = tumor benign saraf akoustik
Kode ICD-10 (476) (nerve) (M9560/0) D33.3
[1046] M9560/0 Neurilemmoma NOS
[218] D33.3 Benign neoplasm, Cranial nerves,
olfactory bulb. (???)
2.
cholesteatoma
= masa kistik/tumor yang tumbuh lambat, terjadi
dari kumpulan debris epitel dan cholesterol, sering timbul di telinga
tengah
Kode ICD-10 (105) H71
[412] H71 Cholestetoma of middle ear
Incl.: ...
Excl.: ...
(Lanjutan-1)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
3. impacted cerumen = akumulasi eksesif cerumen
Kode ICD-10 (102)
Cerumen (accumulation)
(impacted) H61.2
[409] H61.2 Impacted cerumen (wax in ear)
4. conductive deafness = tuli akibat gangguan transmisi
gelombang suara melalui telinga luar/tengah
Kode ICD-10 (173) H90.2
[415] H90.2 Conductive hearing loss, unspecified
Conductive deafness NOS
(Lanjutan-2)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
5.
labyrinthitis = inflamasi atau infeksi telinga dalam
Kode ICD-10 (391) (circumscribed)(destructive)
(diffuse)(inner ear)(latent)(purulent)
(suppurative) H83.0
[414] H83.0 Labyrinthitis
6.
Meniere’s diseases = penyakit kronik telinga dalam
dengan gejala akumulasi eksesif cairan di dalamnya.
Kode ICD-10 (420) , syndrome or vertigo H81.0
[413]
H81.0 Meniere disease
(Baca Excl.: pada H81)
(Lanjutan-3)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
7.
myringitis
= inflamasi atau infeksi genderang telinga
Kode ICD-10 (433) H73.8
[412] H73.8 Other specified disorders of the
tympanic membrane
8.
otalgia/earache
= sakit telinga
Kode ICD-10 (492) H92.0
(244) earache H92.0
[416] H92.0 Otalgia
(Lanjutan-4)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
9.
otitis externa = radang atau infeksi saluran telinga luar (swimmer’s ear)
Kode ICD-10 (493) H60.9  acute H60.5
chronic H60.8
[408] H60.9 Otitis externa, unspecified.
10.
otitis media = radang atau infeksi telinga tengah.
Kode ICD-10 (493) H66.9 (acute, chronic, subacute)
[411] H66.9 Otitis media, unspecified
(NOS, acute NOS, chronic NOS)
(Lanjutan-5)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
11. otomycosis
= infeksi telinga luar akibat jamur (di external
auditory meatus)
Kode ICD-10 (493) (diffuse)(in) B36.9 H62.2*
[409] H62.2* Otitis externa in mycoses
Otomycosis NOS (B36.9 )
12. otorrhea
= pengeluaran cairan dari telinga
Kode ICD-10 (493) H92.1
[416] H92.1 Otorrhoea
Excl.: traumatic otorrhagia – code by
type of injury.
(Lanjutan-6)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
13. otosclerosis = kekakuan telinga (bagian stapes)
Kode ICD-10 (493-494) H80.9
[413] H80.9 Otosclerosis, unspecified.
14. perforation of the tympanic membrane
= genderang telinga ruptur atau berlobang
Kode ICD-10 (505 – 507) (persistent post traumatic)
(post inflammatory) H72.9
- traumatic S09.2
[412] H72.9 Perforation of t. Membrane, unspec.
(Lanjutan-7)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
15. presbycusis = gangguan pendengaran pada manula
Kode ICD-10 (533) presbyacusia H91.1
[415] H91.1 Presbycusis (presbyacusia)
16.
sensoneural deafness = tuli sensoneural akibat kerusakan sel saraf
auditori atau jaringan
Kode ICD-10 (173) – sensorineural H90.5
[415] H90.5 Sensorineural hearing loss,
unspecified
Congenital deafness NOS
dst.
(Lanjutan-8)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
17.
serous otitis media = infeksi telinga tengah disertai akumulasi cairan
serosa (jernih/bening)
Kode ICD-10 (493) Otitis media acute serous H65.0
Otitis media chronic serous H65.2
[409 – 410] H65.0 Acute serous otitis media
H65.2 Chronic serous otitis media
18.
suppurative otitis media = infeksi telinga tengah disertai pengeluaran
nanah
OM acute suppurative H66.0
OM chronic suppurative H66.3
(Lanjutan-9)
ISTILAH
DEFINISI
19.
tinnitus
= sensasi mendengung di telinga
Kode ICD-10 (622) (audible)(aurium)(subjective)
[416]
 H93.1 Tinnitus
20.
tympanitis = radang pada membrane tympani
Kode ICD-10 (638-639) H73.8
[412]
- chronic H73.1; acute H73.0
21.
vertigo
= pusing, terasa terputar-putar.
Kode ICD-10 (650) R42 ( baca rinciannya!)
ISTILAH MEDIS
TINDAKAN DIAGNOSTIK dan TERAPI
Istilah
audiogram
audiometry
myringoplasty
myringotomy
Definisi
= gambar grafik ketajaman pendengaran
= instrumen pengukur ketajaman pendengaran
= operasi plastik perbaikan genderang telinga
= insisi genderang telinga
myringotomy and tubes = insisi genderang telinga disertai insersi tube /
untuk jalan mengalir keluar cairan
otoplasty
= operasi plastik perbaikan satu atau kedua telinga
ISTILAH MEDIS
TINDAKAN DIAGNOSTIK dan TERAPI (Lanjutan)
Istilah
otoscopy
Definisi
= menggunakan otoscope untuk melihat keadaan
genderang telinga
Rinne test
= test pembeda konduksi gelombang suara melalui tulang
dan udara dengan alat garpu tara
Stapedectomy = insisi stapes telinga
Tympanoplasty = operasi plastik perbaikan genderang telinga
Tympanotomy = insisi genderang telinga
Weber test
= pemeriksaan ketajaman pendengaran penentu adanya
gangguan akibat defisit Konduktif atau sensoneural
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations Arti
AC
= air condition
AD
= auris dextra (telinga kanan)
AS
= auris sinistra (telinga kiri)
AU
= auris unitas (masing telinga)
BC
= bone conduction (konduksi tulang)
BOM = bilateral otitis media
EENT = eyes, ears, nose, throat
ENT = ear, nose, throat
TM
= tympanic membrane
READING 1:
OTITIS MEDIA
• Inflammation of the middle ear (the cavity between the eardrum and the
inner ear)
Causes:
The inflammation occurs as the result of an upper respiratory tract
infection,
extending up the eustachian tube, the passage that connects the back of
the nose to the middle ear.
• The tube may become blocked by the inflammation or sometimes by
enlarged adenoids, which are often associated with infections of the nose
and throat.
As a result, fluid produced by the inflammation along with pus in bacterial
infections is not drained off through the tube but accumulates in the
middle ear.
Reading: (Cont.-2)
The chronic phase of otitis media (otitis media with effusion) follows an upper
respiratory infection that has produced acute otitis media.
Incidence:
Children are susceptible by otitis media, probably because of the shortness
of their eustachian tubes. About one in six children suffers from the acute
form in the first year of life about one in 10 in each of the next six years.
Some children have recurrent attacks. Chronic otitis media is much less
common because, in most cases, attacks of acute middle-ear infection
clear with treatment.
Reading (Cont.-2)
Symptoms and Signs
Acute otitis media is marked by sudden, severe otalgia, a feeling of
fullness in the ear, deafness, tinnitus, and fever.
Sometimes the eardrum bursts, relieving the pain and resulting in an
otorrhea of pus. In this case, healing usually occurs in several days.
In chronic otitis media, pus constantly exudes from a perforation in the
eardrum and there is some degree of deafness.
Complication of the condition include otitis externa, damage to the bones
in the middle ear, causing more deafness (sometime total) in the
affected ear; or a cholesteatoma.
In rare cases, infection spreads inward from an infected ear causing
mastoiditis or a brain abscess
Reading (Cont.-4)
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is usually made from examining the ears with an otoscope.
A swab may be taken of any discharge so that the organism responsible
for the infection can be cultured and identified.
Treatment:
AOM is treated by giving antibiotic drugs and analgesics.
Usually the condition clears up completely with treatment, but in some
cases there is continual production of sticky fluid in the middle ear, a
condition known as persistent middle-ear effusion
Reading (Cont.-6)
COM is treated by sucking out pus and infected debris from the ear as
necessary.
Antibiotic ear drops may be given if this does not adequately control the
condition.
Medical Terms:
Otoplasty = ...
Otorrhea = ....
Otosceloris (> inherited) =progressive conductive deafness. 1/200 started
in early adulthood, > women than men, often develops
during pregnancy)
Ototoxicity = keracunan telinga (kerusakan bisa pada cochlea dan canalis
semicircularis dalam telinga dalam) gangguan
pendengaran dan kesetimbangan
Otoscope = ...
READING 2:
DEAFNESS
Complete or partial inability to hear.
Total deafness is rare and is usually congenital.
Partial deafness, ranging from mild to severe, is most commonly the result
of :
an ear disease,
injury, or
degeneration of the hearing
mechanism with age.
(Cont.-)
All deafness is either conductive or sensorineural.
Conductive deafness is faulty transportation of sound from the outer to
the inner ear, usually due to damage to the eardrum or the three
connected bones in the middle ear – the malleus, incus and stapes.
In sensorineural deafness, sounds that reach the inner ear fail to be
transmitted to the brain because of damage to the structures within the
inner ear or to the acoustic nerve, which connects the inner ear to the
brain.
(Cont.-)
Causes:
Conductive deafness:
In an adult, the most common cause of conductive deafness is earwax
blocking the outer ear canal.
Less commonly, otosclerosis (the stapes loses its normal mobility) may be
responsible.
In a child, OM is by far the most common cause of this types of deafness.
READING 2:
DEAFNESS (Cont.-2)
Rarely, conductive deafness can be caused by barotrauma, or by a perforated
eardrum as the result:
of injury,
a middle-ear infection,
or surgery on the ear.
• Sensorineural deafness:
Defects of the inner ear are sometime congenital due:
to an inherited fault in a chromosome,
to birth injury, or
to damage to the developing fetus – as the result of the mother
having had rubella during pregnancy.
Damage to the inner ear may also occur soon after birth as the result of
severe jaundice.
READING 2:
DEAFNESS (Cont.-3)
Sensorineural deafness that develops in later life can be caused by:
prolonged exposure to loud noise,
Meniere’ s disease (increased fluid pressure in the
labyrinth),
certain drugs (such as streptomycin) or by
some viral infections.
All damage the cochlea and/or labyrinth. These structures also degenerate
naturally with old age (presbycusis)
Damage to the acoustic nerve may be the result of an acoustic neuroma.
As the acoustic neuroma enlarge, it causes increasing deafness.