komponen elektronika dan hukum dasar pada

KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIKA
DAN HUKUM DASAR PADA
RANGKAIAN LISTRIK
Electronic Components and Basic Laws in Electric Circuit
Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2008
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Standar Kompetensi
Mampu Menjelaskan dan menerapkan berbagai
konsep tentang komponen elektronika dan hukum
dasar listrik
1. Komponen Elektronika
- Komponen pasif
- Komponen Aktif
2. Hukum dasar pada rangkaian listrik
- Hukum Ohm
- Hukum Kirchoff tentang arus
- Hukum Kirchoff tentang tegangan
Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2008
2
A. Komponen Elektronika
Dalam elektronika ada dua golongan
besar jenis komponen elektronika yaitu
komponen pasif dan komponen aktif
1. Komponen Pasif
Komponen pasif adalah komponen yang
dapat bekerja tanpa catu daya
Contoh : Resistor, Kapasitor, Induktor,
Transformator dan sebagainya
Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2008
3
a. Resistor
The resistor is an electrical device whose primary
function is to introduce resistance to the flow of
electric current. The magnitude of opposition to
the flow of current is called the resistance of the
resistor. A larger resistance value indicates a
greater opposition to current flow.
Simbol
Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2008
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Jenis-jenis resistor
 Carbon Film Resistor
Terbuat dari karbon yang dilapiskan pada
sebatang keramik
 Metal Film Resistor
Metal-film resistors are commonly made of
nichrome, tin-oxide, or tantalum nitride
 Wirewound Resistor
Wire-wound resistors are made by winding
wire of nickel-chromium alloy on a ceramic
tube covering with a vitreous coating
Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2008
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RESISTANCE VALUE
Resistance is expressed in ohms (). Typical
resistance values are industry standard (E12, E24,
E48 & E96) values from 1.0 ohm to 10 Meg-ohms
(10,000,000 ohm = 10MegOhm)
E12  5 %
Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2008
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E 24  5 %
E 96  1 %
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Resistor color code
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Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2007
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Resistor Dissipation
If the flow of current through a resistor increases, it heats
up, and if the temperature exceeds a certain critical value, it
can be damaged
P  V .I
PI R
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V2
P
R
For example, if the voltage across
an 820 resistor is 12V, the wattage
dissipated by the resistors is
A 1/4W resistor can be used
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Nonlinear resistors
NTC
PTC
LDR
NTC resistors (Negative Temperature Co-efficient) - their
resistance lowers with temperature rise.
PTC resistors (Positive Temperature Co-efficient) - their
resistance increases with the temperature rise.
LDR resistors (Light Dependent Resistors) - their
resistance lowers with the increase in light.
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Potentiometers
Potentiometers (also called pots) are variable
resistors, used as voltage or current regulators in
electronic circuits
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b. Capacitors
Capacitors are components that are
used to store an electrical charge
Capacitance
Capacitance (symbol C) is a measure of a
capacitor's ability to store charge. A large
capacitance means that more charge can be
stored
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A capacitor is composed of two conductors
separated by an insulating material called a
DIELECTRIC. The dielectric can be paper,
plastic film, ceramic, air or a vacuum
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Types of Capacitors
Electrolytic Capacitors
• Cathode lead (-) shorter than
anode (+)
• Cathode polarity band or anode
strip
• Date code (YYWW) “9614” = 14th
week of 1996
• Temperature rating
• Capacitance value (µF)
• Voltage rating (VDC)
• Logo
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Ceramic Disc Capacitor (Radial)
Dielectric
Y5F
Cap Value
102 = 1000pF
Cap Tolerance
C = +/-.25pF K = +/-10%
D = +/-.5pF
M = +/-20%
F = +/-1%
Z = +80%/-20%
G = +/-2%
Dielectric
J = +/-5%
Y5P
Voltage
1KV = 1000VDC
Cap Value
103 = 0.01uF
Voltage
1KV = 1000VDC
Example shown
P/N: NCD102K1KVY5F
Example shown
P/N: NCD103K1KVY5PTR
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Film Capacitor (Radial Leaded)
• Capacitance value (pF) & Tolerance Code
• Voltage rating (VDC)
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SMT Electrolytic Capacitors
•
•
•
•
Cathode (-) & Anode (+) markers
Capacitance value (µF)
Voltage rating (VDC)
Date Code
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Variable capacitors
Variable capacitors are mostly used in radio tuning
circuits and they are sometimes called 'tuning
capacitors'. They have very small capacitance
values, typically between 100pF and 500pF
(100pF = 0.0001µF).
simbol
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c. Transformator
Pada dasarnya transformator merupakan
komponen pasif dengan empat ujung.
Sepasang ujung disebut primer dan pasangan
ujung lainya disebut sekunder. Transformator
digunakan untuk merubah besar tegangan
bolak-balik pada primer dan mengeluarkannya
pada sekunder
Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1
By Yohandri 2008
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Induksi Faraday, Nilai fluks magnet I berubah
dengan waktu, maka timbul ggl
d
E  N
dt
Pada kumparan primer
d
E1  N 1
dt
Pada kumparan sekunder
d
E2  N 2
dt
Dari kedua persamaan diperoleh
E2
N2

E1
N1
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Tipe Transformator
 Transformator daya
(Step up / Step down tegangan PLN)
 Transformator keluaran
Untuk penguat dalam elektronik
 Transformator rf dan if
Untuk Coupling (mengandeng) masukan
pada penguat dalam sistem radio
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2. Komponen Aktif
Komponen aktif merupakan komponen yang
hanya akan bekerja bila ada catu daya
Contoh : Transistor, IC (integrated circuit)
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B. Hukum Dasar pada Rangkaian Listrik
Voltage
Voltage is the electrical force, that causes current to
flow in a circuit. It is measured in VOLTS .
Electrical Current
Current is the movement of electrical charge - the flow
of electrons other charged particles through the
electronic circuit. The direction of a current is opposite
to electrons flow direction. Current is measured in
AMPERES (AMPS, A ).
Resistance
Resistance causes an opposition to the flow of
electricity in a circuit. It is used to control the amount of
voltage and/or amperage in a circuit. It is measured in
OHMS.
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1. Hukum Ohm
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Simple Circuit: Ohm’s Law
• V=I.R
• P = V . I = I2.R
V: voltage (Volts)
I: current (Amperes)
R: resistance (Ohms)
P: power (Watts)
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2. Hukum Kirchhoff tentang arus
Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)
KCL states that the algebraic sum of the
currents in all the branches which converge in
a common node is equal to zero
 Iin =  Iout
Jumlah arus yang masuk pada titik
percabangan sama dengan jumlah arus yang
keluar dari titik percabangan
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2. Hukum Kirchhoff tentang tegangan
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the algebraic
sum of the voltages between successive nodes
in a closed path in the network is equal to zero.
E = IR
Dalam suatu rangkain tertutup, jumlah aljabar
gaya gerak listrik (E) sama dengan jumlah
aljabar penurunan potensial (IR )
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