RUMAH SAKIT JANTUNG di SEMARANG
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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014/2015 LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM RUMAH SAKIT JANTUNG di SEMARANG Tema Desain Healing Environment Architecture Fokus Kajian Perancangan Ruang Untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Stress Pasien Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan Memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Disusun oleh: Yosephine Olivia Goenardi 11.11.0017 Dosen pembimbing: Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA April 2015 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVII, Semester Genap,Tahun 2014/2015 PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA Judul : Rumah Sakit Jantung di Semarang Tema Desain : Healing Environment Architecture Fokus Kajian : Perancangan Desain Ruang Untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Stress Penghuni Penyusun : Yosephine Olivia Goenardi NIM :11.11.0017 Pembimbing : Prof.Dr-Ing L.M.F. Purwanto Penguji : Ir.AMS. Darmawan,M-Bldg Ir. Etty Endang L. MT Moediartianto, ST. MSc. Semarang, 15 April 2015 Mengetahui dan mengesahkan Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Ir. IM.Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT NIDN. 0611086201 Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur Ir.FX.Bambang Suskiyatno,MT NIDN. 0625116302 i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014/2015 PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA Judul : Rumah Sakit Jantung di Semarang Tema Desain : Healing Environment Architecture Fokus Kajian : Perancangan Desain Ruang Untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Stress Penghuni Penyusun : Yosephine Olivia Goenardi Pembimbing : Prof.Dr-Ing L.M.F. Purwanto Penguji : Ir.AMS. Darmawan,M-Bldg NIM :11.11.0017 Ir. Etty Endang L. MT Moediartianto, ST. MSc. Semarang, 15 April 2015 Mengetahui dan mengesahkan Pembimbing, Prof.Dr-Ing.L.M.F. Purwanto NIDN 0602066801 Penguji, Penguji, Ir.AMS.Darmawan,M-Bldg Ir. Etty Endang L.MT NIDN .0006085001 NIDN .0616046301 Penguji, Moediartianto, ST. MSc. NIDN .0611057401 ii SURAT PERNYATAAN Yang Bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya : Nama : Yosephine Olivia Goenardi NIM : 11.11.0017 Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode semester genap tahun ajaran 2014/2015 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. Judul : Rumah Sakit Jantung di Semarang Tema Desain : Healing Environment Architecture Fokus Kajian : Perancangan desain ruang untuk menurunkan tingkat stress penghuni Pembimbing : Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto NIDN : 0602066801 Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila di kemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap menerima segala konsekuensinya. Semarang, 15 April 2015 Penulis Yosephine Olivia Goenardi NIM : 11.11.0017 iii PRAKATA Puji syukur kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa atas rahmatNya, maka telah terselesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 67. Proposal ini disusun untuk memenuhi syarat kelengkapan Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 67 yang berjudul Rumah Sakit Jantung di Semarang, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Soegijapranata Semarang. Terima kasih kepada pihak –pihak terkait yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian laporan : Prof. Dr-Ing. LMF Purwanto selaku dosen pembimbing Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 67 yang selalu memberi arahan Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT dan Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B,MT sebagai koordinator dan sekretaris Proyek Akhir Aristektur 67 Pihak Semarang Medical Centre (RS. Telogorejo Semarang) yang membantu dan memberi informasi mengenai rumah sakit Pihak – pihak lain yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu untuk dukungan dan bantuan Melalui proyek ini, diharapkan dapat membantu pembaca khusunya rekan – rekan mahasiswa arsitektur dalam perencanaan sebuah Rumah Sakit Jantung di Semarang. Landasan Teori dan Program ini masih dimungkinkan untuk disempurnakan di kemudian hari, sehingga masukan dari pembaca diharapkan. Penulis iv DAFTAR ISI PRAKATA ....................................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... v DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL .........................................................................................xvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1 1.1.Latar Belakang Proyek ............................................................................ 1 1.2.Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan .......................................................... 4 1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................................. 5 1.4. Metode Pembahasan ............................................................................. 6 1.4.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data .......................................................... 6 1.4.2. Metode Penyusunan Analisa ........................................................ 9 1.4.3. Metode Pemrograman ................................................................ 10 1.4.4. Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ................................................. 11 1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ..................................................................... 11 BAB II. TINJAUAN PROYEK ....................................................................... 13 2.1. Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................... 13 2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ...................................................................... 13 2.1.2. Latar Belakang, Perkembangan, Trend ..................................... 14 2.1.3. Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ...................................................... 16 2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ................................................................................... 16 2.2.1. Terminologi ................................................................................ 16 v 2.2.2. Kegiatan .................................................................................... 19 a. Pelaku ................................................................................... 19 b. Fasilitas ................................................................................ 23 c. Peralatan/Prasarana ............................................................. 26 2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .......................................... 37 a. Arsitektur .............................................................................. 37 b. Bangunan .............................................................................. 42 c. Lingkungan ........................................................................... 43 2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Desa/Kota ................................................... 44 a. Lokasi ................................................................................... 44 b. Urgensi-Relevansi Proyek .................................................... 47 c. Urban Issu ............................................................................ 48 2.2.5. Studi Banding ............................................................................ 49 2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain ............................................................... 61 2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .................................................. 62 2.3.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................ 62 2.3.2. Batasan ..................................................................................... 62 2.3.3. Anggapan .................................................................................. 63 BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .................... 64 3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ............................................................. 64 3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ............................................................................ 64 A. Pengelompokan Aktivitas ..................................................... 64 B. Perencanaan Waktu Kerja Pelaku ........................................ 78 C. Perhitungan Jumlah Tempat Tidur ....................................... 79 vi D. Jumlah Pelaku Dalam Rumah Sakit ..................................... 81 E. Pola Aktivitas Pelaku ............................................................ 83 3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ............................................................................ 85 A. Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................ 85 B. Pola Pelaku Berdasar Fasilitas ............................................ 91 C. Tipologi Rumah Sakit .......................................................... 93 D. Studi Ruang Khusus ............................................................ 95 E. Studi Kebutuhan Besaran Bangunan ................................. 111 F. Program untuk Kaum Disable ............................................. 120 G. Fire Protection .................................................................... 121 H. Perancangan Helipad ......................................................... 123 I. Citra Arsitektural .................................................................. 124 3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .............................................. 126 3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure .......................................... 126 3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas ................................................................. 135 A. Pengolahan Limbah Cair ..................................................... 135 B. Pengolahan Limbah medis Padat ....................................... 138 C. Sistem Transportasi Vertikal .............................................. 139 D. Sistem Pusat Gas Medic .................................................... 141 E. Sitem Distribusi Listrik ........................................................ 143 F. Sistem Air Bersih ................................................................ 143 G. Sistem Penghawaan Buatan ............................................. 144 H. Sistem Penangkal Petir ...................................................... 145 3.2.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ................................................. 146 vii 3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan .......................................... 147 3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................... 147 3.3.2. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ......................................................... 152 BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................... 165 4.1. Konsep Program ................................................................................ 165 4.1.1. Citra Arsitektural ....................................................................... 165 4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................ 167 4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................... 167 4.2. Tujuan Perancangan,Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................................................................. 168 4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan ................................................................ 168 4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................... 168 4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................. 169 a. Persyaratan Arsitektur ......................................................... 169 b. Persyaratan Bangunan ........................................................ 170 c. Persyaratan Konteks Lingkungan ........................................ 171 4.3. Program Arsitektur .............................................................................. 171 4.3.1. Program Kegiatan .................................................................... 171 A. Program Ruang .................................................................. 171 B. Perhitungan Luas Bangunan .............................................. 183 C. Perhitungan Luas Lahan .................................................... 184 4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur ......................................................... 186 4.3.3. Program Sistem Utilitas ........................................................... 187 4.3.4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak ..................................................... 188 viii BAB V. Kajian Teori ................................................................................... 190 5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan /Tema Desain .............................................. 190 5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori ................................... 190 5.1.2. Studi Preseden ......................................................................... 193 5.1.3. Penerapan Teori ...................................................................... 196 5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................................................. 197 5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori ................................... 197 5.2.2. Studi Preseden ........................................................................ 199 5.2.3. Penerapan Teori ...................................................................... 201 BAB VI. Kepustakaan ................................................................................ 203 Lampiran ................................................................................................... 206 ix DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Diagram Metode Penyusunan dan Analisa .............................................. 9 Gambar 2. Diagram Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................... 11 Gambar 3. Diagram Struktur Organisasi .................................................................. 22 Gambar 4. Alat Elektrokardiogram ........................................................................... 26 Gambar 5. Bed Automatic ........................................................................................ 26 Gambar 6. X-ray Rontgen ........................................................................................ 27 Gambar 7. MRI 1.5 T ................................................................................................ 27 Gambar 8. MSCT Scan 128 Slice ............................................................................ 27 Gambar 9. Angiography ........................................................................................... 28 Gambar 10. Treadmill ............................................................................................... 28 Gambar 11. Layar Monitor........................................................................................ 29 Gambar 12. Brankar Pasien ..................................................................................... 29 Gambar 13. Pompa Hisap ........................................................................................ 29 Gambar 14. Alat resusitasi Jantung ......................................................................... 30 Gambar 15. Defribilator ............................................................................................ 30 Gambar 16. Tabung Oksigen ................................................................................... 30 Gambar 17. Peralatan Infus ..................................................................................... 31 Gambar 18. Peralatan Bedah ................................................................................... 31 Gambar 19. Rotablator Jantung ............................................................................... 31 Gambar 20. Mikroskop ............................................................................................. 32 Gambar 21. Alat Uji Hematologi ............................................................................... 32 Gambar 22. Autoklaf ................................................................................................ 32 x Gambar 23. Hand Sanitizer ...................................................................................... 33 Gambar 24. Air Lock System.................................................................................... 33 Gambar 25. Kamera CCTV ...................................................................................... 34 Gambar 26. APAR .................................................................................................... 34 Gambar 27. Kotak Hydran ........................................................................................ 34 Gambar 28. Pintu Darurat ........................................................................................ 34 Gambar 29. Sprinkler ............................................................................................... 34 Gambar 30. Mesin Laundry ...................................................................................... 35 Gambar 31. Mesin Chiller (a) & Air Handling Unit (b) ............................................... 35 Gambar 32. Generator Genset ................................................................................. 36 Gambar 33. Lift di Telogorejo ................................................................................... 36 Gambar 34. UPS ...................................................................................................... 36 Gambar 35. Alat Aerocom di tiap lantai (a)& mesin pusat (b)................................... 37 Gambar 36. Letak Kota Semarang di Jawa Tengah ................................................. 45 Gambar 37. Peta Pembagian Batas Wilayah Kota Semarang ................................. 45 Gambar 38. Peta Pembagian Daerah Pelayanan Kota Semarang ........................... 46 Gambar 39. Tampak Luar Bangunan ....................................................................... 49 Gambar 40. Front Liner PJNHK ............................................................................... 50 Gambar 41. Area Tunggu Klinik. .............................................................................. 50 Gambar 42. Kamar Periksa Rawat Jalan. ................................................................ 50 Gambar 43. Area Radiologi PJNHK. ........................................................................ 50 Gambar 44. Suasan R. Tunggu Rawat Jalan ........................................................... 51 Gambar 45. Laboratorium PJNHK ............................................................................ 51 Gambar 46. Maket Gedung - Gedung PJNHK ......................................................... 51 xi Gambar 47. Jalan ke Paviliun Sukaman .................................................................. 51 Gambar 48. Sudut Koridor yang Menarik ................................................................. 51 Gambar 49. Area IGD PJNHK .................................................................................. 51 Gambar 50. Nurse Station Pada Tiap Lantai ............................................................ 53 Gambar 51. Main Enterance Emergency, ................................................................ 53 Gambar 52. Area Privat Untuk Perawat. .................................................................. 53 Gambar 53. R. Tunggu ............................................................................................. 53 Gambar 54. Suasana Lobby..................................................................................... 54 Gambar 55. Suasan Koridor Rawat Inap Anak. ........................................................ 54 Gambar 56. Denah pembagian area publik dan privat (petugas) ............................. 54 Gambar 57. Nurse Station UGD ............................................................................... 57 Gambar 58. Bed UGD .............................................................................................. 57 Gambar 59. Area Tunggu UGD ................................................................................ 57 Gambar 60. R. Triage ............................................................................................... 57 Gambar 61. Lemari Filling ........................................................................................ 57 Gambar 62. Peralatan Area Radiologi ...................................................................... 58 Gambar 63. Desain Double Coridor ......................................................................... 58 Gambar 64. Area ICU ............................................................................................... 58 Gambar 65. Alat Angiografi MSC ............................................................................. 59 Gambar 66. Area IPAL SMC .................................................................................... 59 Gambar 67. Kondisi TPS SMC ................................................................................. 60 Gambar 68. Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pasien dan Pengunjung................................... 83 Gambar 69. Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pengelola dan Staf .......................................... 83 Gambar 70. Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staf medis dan tenaga Ahli .............................. 84 xii Gambar 71. Diagram Aktivitas Service ..................................................................... 84 Gambar 72. Pola Kegiatan Pasien dan Pengunjung ................................................ 91 Gambar 73. Pola Pengelola dan Staf ....................................................................... 92 Gambar 74. Pola Staf Medis (Dokter - Perawat) ...................................................... 92 Gambar 75. Tipe Single Coridor ............................................................................... 93 Gambar 76. Tipe Double Coridor ............................................................................. 93 Gambar 77. Tipe Terpusat ....................................................................................... 94 Gambar 78. Bentuk Gubahan Masa ......................................................................... 95 Gambar 79. Sketsa kebutuhan Luas Rawat Inap VVIP ............................................ 97 Gambar 80. Sketsa Kebutuhan Luas Rawat Inap VIP .............................................. 97 Gambar 81. Sketsa Kebutuhan Luas Rawat Inap Kelas I ........................................ 98 Gambar 82. Sketsa Kebutuhan Luas Rawat Inap Kelas II 7 Pencahayaan Alami .... 99 Gambar 83. Sketsa Rawat Inap Kelas III dan Pencahayaan Alami ........................ 100 Gambar 84. Sketsa Kebutuhan Luas Rawat Inap Anak VIP .................................. 101 Gambar 85. Sketsa Kebutuhan Luas Rawat Inap Anak Kelas I ............................. 102 Gambar 86.Sketsa Kebutuhan Luas Rawat Inap Anak Kelas II ............................. 103 Gambar 87. Sketsa Luasan R. Kateterisasi............................................................ 104 Gambar 88. Mesin Angiograf .................................................................................. 104 Gambar 89. Sketsa Luasan Ruang CTScan .......................................................... 105 Gambar 90. Sketsa Luasan Ruang MRI ................................................................. 106 Gambar 91. Sketsa Ruang Operasi ....................................................................... 107 Gambar 92. Sketsa Kebutuhan Luas R. Periksa Rawat Jalan ............................... 108 Gambar 93. Rencana Healing Garden ................................................................... 110 Gambar 94. Standar Fasilitas Toilet Umum untuk Difabel ...................................... 121 xiii Gambar 95. Standar Rambu Helipad ..................................................................... 124 Gambar 96. Potongan Tiang Pancang ................................................................... 127 Gambar 97. Pelaksanaan Pile Cap ........................................................................ 127 Gambar 98. Alat Pancang ...................................................................................... 127 Gambar 99. Pemasangan borepile (a), Potongan pondasi bore(b), dan Mesin Bor Tanah (c) ................................................................................................................ 128 Gambar 100. Pelaksanaan Pondasi Rakit .............................................................. 128 Gambar 101. Galian untuk Pondasi Rakit. ............................................................. 128 Gambar 102. Jenis Pondasi Rakit .......................................................................... 129 Gambar 103. Struktu Rangka dan Rangka dengan Inti .......................................... 130 Gambar 104. Bata merah (a) & Bata Ringan (b) .................................................... 132 Gambar 105. Lantai Vynil (a) & Lantai Epoxy (b) ................................................... 134 Gambar 106. Diagram Alur IPAL ............................................................................ 138 Gambar 107. Mesin Incenerator ............................................................................. 139 Gambar 108. Sketsa Lift Passanger (a) & Sliding telescopis Door (b) ................... 141 Gambar 109. Sistem Gas Medik Sentral ................................................................ 142 Gambar 110. Skema Distribusi Listrik .................................................................... 143 Gambar 111. Skema Disribusi Air Bersih ............................................................... 144 Gambar 112. Skema Sistem AC Central (a)& Distribusi udara (b) ........................ 144 Gambar 113. Station Pneumatic Tube System(a) & mesin vacuum (b) ................. 146 Gambar 114. Lokasi BWK 1 di Kota Semarang ..................................................... 147 Gambar 115. Batas Kecamatan Semarang Tengah ............................................... 148 Gambar 116. Batas Kecamatan Semarang Timur .................................................. 149 Gambar 117. Batas Kecamatan Semarang Selatan............................................... 150 xiv Gambar 118. Letak Tapak Alteratif 1 ...................................................................... 152 Gambar 119. Sketsa Alternatif Tapak 1 ................................................................. 152 Gambar 120. Klinik Hoo dan Kondisi Tapak ........................................................... 153 Gambar 121. Kondisi Lingkungan Sekitar Tapak ................................................... 154 Gambar 122. Kondisi Utilitas Tapak ....................................................................... 155 Gambar 123. Sketsa Kestrategisan Kawasan Tapak ............................................. 156 Gambar 124. Letak Tapak Pada Kawasan ............................................................. 157 Gambar 125. Sketsa Alternatif Tapak 2 ................................................................. 157 Gambar 126. Kondisi Batas Tapak ......................................................................... 158 Gambar 127. Kondisi Sarana Aksesbilitas ............................................................. 159 Gambar 128. Kondisi Drainase Tapak ................................................................... 160 Gambar 129. Vegetasi di Sekitar Tapak ................................................................. 160 Gambar 130. Sketsa Kawasan Tapak .................................................................... 161 Gambar 131. RS Khoo Teek Puat .......................................................................... 194 Gambar 132. Taman di Atap KTPH ........................................................................ 194 Gambar 133. Desain Bukaan untuk kamar inap ..................................................... 195 Gambar 134. Tampak Atas Taman ........................................................................ 195 Gambar 135. Desain Taman untuk RWNMMC ...................................................... 196 Gambar 136. Interior Kamar Inap ........................................................................... 199 Gambar 137. Ruang Konseling .............................................................................. 200 Gambar 138. Resepsionis Rady Children Hospital. ............................................... 201 Gambar 139. Kamar Inap Rady Children Hospital ................................................. 201 Gambar 140. Ruang Tunggu Rady Children Hospital ............................................ 201 Gambar 141. Tanaman Kacangan ......................................................................... 219 xv Gambar 142. Tanaman Pucuk Merah .................................................................... 219 Gambar 143. Cemara Udang ................................................................................. 219 Gambar 144. Pohon Tabebbuia ............................................................................. 220 Gambar 145. Tanaman Zodia ................................................................................ 220 Gambar 146. Bunga Anggrek ................................................................................. 220 xvi DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1. Tabel Persyaratan Ruang Khusus .............................................................. 38 Tabel 2. Pengelompokan Aktivitas kelompok Manajemen dan Pengelola ............... 64 Tabel 3. Kelompok Aktivitas Pasien dan Pengujung ................................................ 67 Tabel 4. Pengelompokan Aktivitas Pelayanan Medis Utama ................................... 70 Tabel 5. Pengelompokan Aktivitas Pelayanan Medis Penunjang ............................. 72 Tabel 6. Pengelompokan Aktivitas Servis -Non Medis ............................................. 75 Tabel 7. Rencana Jadwal Kerja Pelaku .................................................................... 78 Tabel 8. Jumlah Dokterr Umum dan Spesialis ......................................................... 81 Tabel 9. Tabel Jumlah Staf Rumah Sakit Jantung Semarang .................................. 81 Tabel 10. Tabel Kebutuhan Ruang ........................................................................... 85 Tabel 11. Standart Ruang Rawat Inap ..................................................................... 96 Tabel 12. Studi Khusus Rawat Inap ......................................................................... 96 Tabel 13. Tabel Luasan Fasilitas Utama ................................................................ 111 Tabel 14. Tabel Kebutuhan Luasan Ruang Fasilitas Manajemen Pengelola ......... 117 Tabel 15. Tabel Luasan Fasilitas Service ............................................................... 118 Tabel 16. Tabel Besar Luasan Fasilitas Komersil dan Penunjang ......................... 119 Tabel 17. Tabel Alternatif Struktur Pondasi ............................................................ 126 Tabel 18. Tabel Pemilihan Material Dinding ........................................................... 131 Tabel 19. Tabel Kriteria Material Lantai .................................................................. 133 Tabel 20. Standar Kebutuhan Lift Manusia untuk Rumah Sakit ............................. 140 Tabel 21. Tabel Pemilihan Lokasi .......................................................................... 151 Tabel 22. Tabel Pemilihan Tapak Terpilih .............................................................. 164 xvii Tabel 23. Tabel Program Besaran Ruang .............................................................. 171 Tabel 24. Tabel Luas Fasilitas Pengelola ............................................................... 179 Tabel 25. Tabel Luas Fasilitas Service ................................................................... 180 Tabel 26. Tabel Luas Fasilitas Parkir ..................................................................... 182 Tabel 27. Tabel Luas Fasilitas Penunjang.............................................................. 183 Tabel 28. Tabel Luas Bangunan ............................................................................ 183 xviii
