iii DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK
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DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ i KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... iii DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... ix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ........................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 6 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................... 7 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian ................................................................. 7 1.5 Lokasi Dan Waktu Penelitian.................................................... 8 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................ 9 2.1 Landasan Teori .......................................................................... 9 BAB II 2.1.1 Laporan Keuangan ......................................................... 9 2.1.1.1 Tujuan Laporan Keuangan ................................ 12 2.1.1.2 Pengguna Laporan Keuangan ........................... 14 Analisis Laporan Keuangan ......................................... 17 2.1.2.1 Tujuan Analisis Laporan Keuangan .................. 18 2.1.3 Analisis Rasioa Keuangan ............................................. 18 2.1.2 iii 19 2.1.3.1 Jenis-Jenis Rasio Keuangan……………... .... 2.1.4 Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress)………………………………. ....... 25 2.1.4.1 Manfaat Informasi Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress)……………... .................. 26 2.1.4.2 Bentuk-Bentuk Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress)……………... ................................... 26 2.1.4.3 Penyebab Terjadinya Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress)……………... .................................. 27 2.1.4.4 Cara Mengatasi Kondisi Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress)……………... ................ 30 2.1.4.5 Cara Pengukuran Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress)……………... .................................. 30 2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran……………………………………………... .. 31 2.2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu………………………………. .... 35 2.3 Hipotesis Penelitian……………………………………………...... 37 2.3.1 Pengaruh Likuiditas Terhadap Financial Distress.............. 37 2.3.2 Pengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Financial Distress ......... 38 2.3.3 Pengaruh Leverage Terhadap Financial Distress ............... 39 2.3.4 Pengaruh Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, dan Leverage Terhadap Financial Distress ........................................... iv 40 BAB III BAB IV OBJEK DAN METODE PENELITIAN ..................................... 42 3.1 Objek Penelitian ........................................................................ 42 3.2 Metode Penelitian ...................................................................... 42 3.2.1 Operasionalisasi Variabel .............................................. 43 3.2.2 Populasi Dan Sampel ..................................................... 45 3.2.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................ 47 3.2.4 Teknik Analisis Data ..................................................... 48 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................ 61 4.1 Gambaran Umum Penelitian ..................................................... 61 4.1.1 Gambaran Mengenai Variabel Penelitian .......................... 62 4.2.1.1 Gambaran Mengenai Variabel Likuiditas .............. 62 4.2.1.2 Gambaran Mengenai Variabel Profitabilitas.......... 64 4.2.1.3 Gambaran Mengenai Variabel Leverage ............... 70 4.2.1.1 Gambaran Mengenai Variabel Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress)................................................ 74 4.2 Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................... 79 4.2.1 Statistik Deskriptif ......................................................... 79 4.2.1.1 Anlisis Deskripsi Variabel Likuiditas ............... 80 4.2.1.2 Anlisis Deskripsi Variabel Profitabilitas ........... 81 4.2.1.3 Anlisis Deskripsi Variabel Leverage ................. 81 v 4.2.1.4 Anlisis Deskripsi Variabel Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress) ........................................... 82 4.2.2 Hasil Pengujian Asumsi Klasik ..................................... 82 4.2.2.1 Uji Normalitas ................................................... 83 4.2.2.2 Uji Multikolinearitas.......................................... 84 4.2.2.3 Uji Heteroskedastisitas ...................................... 85 4.2.2.4 Uji Autokorelasi ................................................ 86 4.2.3 Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda ................................. 86 4.2.4 Pengujian Hipotesis ....................................................... 88 4.2.4.1 Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis Secara Parsial .......... 88 4.2.4.2 Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis Secara Simultan....... 90 4.2.5 Koefisien Determinasi ................................................... 91 4.3 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian .................................................... 93 4.3.1 Pengaruh Likuiditas Terhadap Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress) ...................................................... 93 4.3.2 Pengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress) ...................................................... 94 4.3.3 Pengaruh Leverage Terhadap Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress) ...................................................... 95 4.3.4 Pengaruh Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, dan Leverage Terhadap Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress) .................... vi 97 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................... 100 5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 100 5.2 Saran ......................................................................................... 102 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 36 Tabel 3.1 Operasionalisasi Variabel ................................................................... 46 Tabel 3.2 Hasil Purposive Sampling ................................................................... 48 Tabel 3.3 Daftar Nama-Nama Perusahaan .......................................................... 49 Tabel 3.4 Kriteria pengambilan Keputusan Uji Durbin Watson ......................... 56 Tabel 4.1 Daftar Perusahaan Yang Menjadi Sampel .......................................... 62 Tabel 4.2 Data Perusahaan Mengenai Likuiditas................................................ 63 Tabel 4.3 Data Perusahaan Mengenai Profitabilitas ........................................... 67 Tabel 4.4 Data Perusahaan Mengenai Leverage ................................................. 71 Tabel 4.5 Data Perusahaan Mengenai Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress) 75 vii