LAJU RESAPAN AIR PADA BERBAGAI JENIS TANAH - USU-IR

LAJU RESAPAN AIR PADA BERBAGAI JENIS TANAH DAN BERAT
JERAMI DENGAN MENERAPKAN TEKNOLOGI BIOPORI
DI KECAMATAN MEDAN AMPLAS
Rasmita Br. Ginting, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumono, MS, Prof. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution,
M.Sc., Ph.D dan Dr. Sutarman, M.Sc
ABSTRAK
Isu lingkungan yang perlu menjadi perhatian di Kota Medan diantaranya
adalah terjadinya genangan pada saat hujan dan menurunnya ketersediaan air tanah.
Timbulnya masalah tersebut dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor: pertama pesatnya
pembangunan, kedua tingginya peningkatan jumlah penduduk, ketiga minimnya
fasilitas infrastruktur dan keempat tingginya pemanfaatan air tanah. Dalam hal ini
tentu diperlukan berbagai upaya pengelolaannya baik secara kebijakan administratif
maupun aplikasi teknis.
Teknologi lubang resapan biopori sangat tepat diterapkan di Kota Medan,
karena kondisi fisik kota yang mana umumnya memiliki persentase lahan kedap yang
tinggi sedangkan biopori tersebut dapat dengan ukurannya yang relatif kecil sehingga
dapat diaplikasikan pada lokasi lahan yang sempit. Lubang resapan biopori memiliki
berbagai manfaat yaitu: mengurangi genangan, menambah ketersediaan air tanah dan
mengurangi volume sampah organik. Cara membuat lubang resapan biopori adalah
dengan menggali tanah secara vertikal kedalaman 80 cm diameter 10 cm diberi
jerami yang akan berfungsi sebagai sumber energi bagi kelangsungan hidup
organisme tanah. Organisme tersebut akan berperan dalam pembentukan pori-pori
tanah, bertambahnya pori-pori tanah berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya laju
resapan air ke dalam tanah. Untuk menentukan berapa jumlah lubang resapan biopori
yang perlu dipasang untuk satuan lahan kedap, maka perlu diketahui berapa laju
resapan air pada masing-masing jenis tanah.
Penelitian ini menggunakan interaksi perlakuan berbagai jenis tanah dan berat
jerami, yaitu jenis tanah ultisol, inseptisol dan entisol sedangkan berat jerami adalah
150 g, 200 g, 250 g dan kontrol. Data yang telah diperoleh dan dianalisis dengan
rancangan acak lengkap kemudian diuji dengan uji F dilanjutkan dengan uji (BNJ)
maka diketahui bahwa: pertama semua perlakuan berat jerami memberikan pengaruh
yang signifikan terhadap kontrol, kedua perlakuan berat jerami 200 g memberikan
angka laju resapan tertinggi untuk semua jenis tanah yang diuji, ketiga, pada jenis
tanah entisol diperoleh angka laju resapan tertinggi rata-rata sebesar 147,32 liter/jam,
pada jenis tanah inseptisol 104,56 liter/jam dan pada jenis tanah ultisol 25,03
liter/jam, interaksi perlakuan yang memberi angka laju resapan air tertinggi diperoleh
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pada tanah entisol dengan berat jerami 200 g berbeda nyata pada taraf 5% terhadap
tanah inseptisol dan ultisol.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diketahui bahwa jumlah biopori yang
dibutuhkan berbeda berdasarkan jenis tanahnya. Angka laju resapan air pada tanah
ultisol sangat rendah, sehingga pemanfaatan lahan harus dibarengi dengan
pendekatan pengelolaan yang baik agar tidak menimbulkan permasalahan genangan
pada saat hujan dan berkurangnya ketersediaan air tanah.
Kata Kunci: Laju Resapan Air, Biopori, Lubang Resapan, Bahan Organik,
Mikroorganisme.
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INFILTRATION RATE VARIOUS TYPES OF WATER ON SOIL AND STRAW
WITH WEIGHT APPLYING TECHNOLOGY BIOPORI
SANDPAPER SUB IN MEDAN
Rasmita Br. Ginting, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumono, MS, Prof. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution, M.Sc.,
Ph.D and Dr. Sutarman, M.Sc
ABSTRACT
The environmental issue as a concern of Medan City included the flood in
rainy season and declined supply of underground water. The problem was effected by
some factors: first, the rapid development, second high rate of population growth,
third the minimum facility and infrastructure, and fourth the high utilization of
underground water. Of course, it required some attempt of management either
administrative policy of technical application.
Technology of biopore absorption hole was very relevant to apply in Medan
City, because physical condition of city has a very high percentage of tighted land,
while the size of biopore was relative small, thus it could be applied in narrow
location. The biopore absorpotion hole has some significant: To decrease the flood,
to add the supply of underground water and to decrease the volume of organic waste.
The method of preparing biopore absorpotion hole was to dig the land vertically into
80 cm of depth at 10 cm diameter, filled with straws as energy source for organism
survival of soil. The organism would serve to form the soil pores. The addition of soil
pores was directly proportional would serve to form the soil pores. The addition of
soil pores was directly the number of biopore absorption hole to install for a tighted
land, it would be important to know the rate of water precipitation in each type of
soil.
The research used interaction of treatments with several types of soil and the
weight of straw; ultisol soil, inseptisal and entisol, with several types of soil and the
150 g, 200g, 250g, and control. The data gained was the analyzed through complete
random sampling with F-test and continued with BNJ-Test, and then it has been
known that: First, all treatment of straw weight indicated significant effect on
control; second treatment of straw 200 g indicated highest rate of precipitation for
all types of precipitation was 147.32 lt/h and ultisol 25,03 lt/h. the interaction of
treatment with highes rate of water precipitation was gained in entisiol with straw
weight of 200 g, significant difference at level of 5% on both inseptisol and ultisol
soils.
The result of research indicated that number of biopore needed would be
different based on the type of soil. The rate of water precipitation in ultisol was
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lowest, thus the utilization of land should be accompanied by good approach of
management to prevent the problem of flood especially in rainy season and declined
supply of underground water.
Keywords: Water Infiltration Rate, Biopore, Hole Absorption, Organic Material,
Microorganism.
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