Daftar Pustaka - Institut Teknologi Bandung

Daftar Pustaka
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download: 8 – 28 Februari 2008.
112
LAMPIRAN
113
Lampiran A.
Komposisi Media Pertumbuhan Mikroba (Atlas, 1993)
Sulfolobus Medium (Revised)
Castenholtz D Medium (Cast D)
Komposisi medium per liter:
NaNO3
Na2HPO4
KNO3
MgSO4.7H2O
Nitrilotriacetic acid
CaSO4.2H2O
NaCl
FeCl3 sol
Mikronutrien sol
0,7 g
0,11 g
0,10 g
0,10 g
0,10 g
0,06 g
8,0 mg
1,0 mL
0,5 mL
Mikronutrien sol per liter:
MnSO4.H2O
H3BO3
ZnSO4.7H2O
CoCl2.6H2O
CuSO4.5H2O
Na2MoO4.2H2O
H2SO4
2,28 g
0,5 g
0,5 g
0,025 g
0,025 g
0,025 g
0,5 mL
Czapek Dox Broth (CzD)
Komposisi medium per liter:
Sukrosa
30,0 g
4,0 g
NaNO3
K2HPO4
1,0 g
MgSO4.7H2O
0,5 g
KCl
0,5 g
FeSO4.7H2O
0,01 g
Komposisi medium per liter:
(NH4)2SO4
Tripton
KH2PO4
MgSO4.7H2O
CaCl2.2H2O
Ekstrak ragi
FeCl3.6H2O
Na2B4O7
MnCl2.4H2O
ZnSO4.7H2O
CuCl2.H2O
Na2MoO4.H2O
VOSO4.2H2O
CoSO4
1,3 g
1,0 g
0,28 g
0,25 g
0,07 g
0,05 g
0,02 g
4,5 mg
1,8 mg
0,22 mg
0,05 mg
0,03 mg
0,03 mg
0,01 mg
Sulfate-Reducing Medium (SRM)
Komposisi medium per liter:
Natrium laktat
MgSO4.7H2O
Pepton
Na2SO4
Beef extract
K2HPO4
CaCl2
Fe(NH4) 2(SO4) 2.6H2O sol
Natrium askorbat sol
3,5 g
2,0 g
2,0 g
1,5 g
1,0 g
0,5 g
0,1 g
10 mL
10 mL
Fe(NH4) 2(SO4) 2.6H2O sol:
3,92 g Fe(NH4) 2(SO4) 2.6H2O
ditambahkan dH2O menjadi 100 mL
larutan.
Natrium askorbat sol:
0,050 g Natrium askorbat ditambahkan
dH2O menjadi 100 mL larutan.
114
Lampiran B.
Prosedur Analisis Penjajaran Nukleotida dan Konstruksi
Pohon Filogenetik
Penjajaran menggunakan program ClustalW
Program ClustalW versi 1.83 dibuka. Data dimasukkan dengan cara memilih
nomor 1 (sequence input from disk) dan memasukkan nama file dalam format .txt.
Pilihan multiple alignment dilakukan dengan menuliskan nomor 2. Keluaran
(output) hasil penjajaran dalam format MSF dan PHYLIP dipilih dengan
menuliskan no 9 (output format option) pada menu multiple alignments.
Penjajaran dilakukan dengan memilih do complete multiple alignment now
(nomor 1) pada menu multiple alignment.
Konstruksi Pohon Filogenetik menggunakan program Phylip
Program SEQBOOT dijalankan. Nama file dengan format phylip dimasukkan
ketika diminta. Tombol R ditekan yang dilanjutkan dengan memasukkan nilai
1000 sebagai nilai replikasi. Nilai berapapun (ganjil) diberikan ketika keluar
perintah random number seed (must be odd). Tombol y ditekan untuk memproses
data yang dimasukkan. File dengan nama outfile diubah namanya sesuai dengan
nama yang ingin diolah.
Progran DNAdist dijalankan. Nama file yang semula diubah, dimasukkan.
Tombol M ditekan dan angka 1000 dimasukkan sebagai banyaknya data yang
hendak diolah. Tombol y ditekan untuk memproses data yang dimasukkan. File
dengan nama outfile diubah namanya sesuai dengan nama yang dikehendaki untuk
diproses.
Program Neighbor dijalankan. Nama file yang semula diubah, dimasukkan.
Tombol M ditekan dilanjutkan dengan memasukkan angka 1000. Nilai ganjil
dimasukkan ketika keluar pperintah random seed number. Tombol y ditekan
untuk memproses data yang dimasukkan. File dengan nama outree diubah
namanya sesuai dengan nama yang dikehendaki untuk diproses lebih lanjut.
115
Progran CONSENSE dijalankan. Nama file hasil terakhir dimasukkan kemudian
dilanjutkan dengan penekanan tombol y untuk memproses data. File dengan nama
outree diubah sesuai dengan nama yang diinginkan dan ditambahkan extention
.phb atau .tre.
Visualisasi hasil penjajaran dengan program GenDoc
Program GenDoc dijalankan. Selanjutnya “import” pada menu file dipilih. Pada
perintah “Please Select The Type of File”, pilih file yang extensionnya sesuai
dengan permintaan. Selanjutnya tombol “Done” ditekan.
Visualisasi Pohon Filogenetik dengan Program Treeview
Program digunakan untuk membuka pohon filogenetik dari program ClustalW
dan Phylip. Program Treeview dijalankan. Selanjutnya dipilih “Open” pada menu
file. Cari nama file dengan extention .phy .tre atau .phb pada kolom “File name”.
116
Lampiran C.
Accession Number GenBank Urutan Nukleotida Sampel
Kawah Hujan
Urutan sampel DNA yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini dapat di-download
melalui situs NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), dengan nomor akses seperti
tertera dalam Tabel C-1.
Tabel C-1
Sampel
KHA-K-1
KHA-K-3
KHA-K-5
KHA-K-6
KHA-K-9
KHA-K-10
KHA-CD-2
KHA-CD-3
KHA-LB-1
KHA-LB-4
KHA-LB-5
KHA-P-4
KHA-PB-2
KHA-PB-4
KHA-T-3
KHA-Z-1
KHA-Z-3
KHA-Z-5
KHA-Z-7
KHA-Z-8
KHA-Z-9
KHA-Z-10
KHA-Z-12
KHB-LB-1
KHB-LB-2
KHB-LB-3
KHB-LB-4
KHB-LB-5
Nomor akses urutan nukleotida sampel yang dideposit di GenBank
Acc num.
EU625407
EU625408
EU625409
EU625410
EU625411
EU625412
EU625413
EU625414
EU625415
EU625416
EU625417
EU625418
EU625419
EU625420
EU625421
EU625422
EU625423
EU625424
EU625425
EU625426
EU625427
EU625428
EU625429
EU625430
EU625431
EU625432
EU625433
EU625434
Sampel
KHB-P-8
KHB-P-14
KHB-P-15
KHB-P-16
KHB-P-17
KHB-P-11
KHB-P-10
KHB-P-9
KHB-P-7
KHB-P-2
KHB-P-3
KHB-PB-2
KHB-PB-6
KHB-PB-7
KHB-PB-1
KHB-PB-8
KHB-PB-9
KHB-PB-10
KHB-PB-11
KHB-K-2
KHB-K-3
KHB-K-5
KHB-K-6
KHB-K-7
KHB-K-8
KHB-K-9
KHB-K-10
KHB-K-12
117
Acc num.
EU625435
EU625436
EU625437
EU625438
EU625439
EU625440
EU625441
EU625442
EU625443
EU625444
EU625445
EU625446
EU625447
EU625448
EU625449
EU625450
EU625451
EU625452
EU625453
EU625454
EU625455
EU625456
EU625457
EU625458
EU625459
EU625460
EU625461
EU625462
Sampel
KHB-K-14
KHB-Z-3
KHB-Z-4
KHB-Z-7
KHB-Z-8
KHB-Z-9
KHB-Z-10
KHB-Z-11
KHB-Z-12
KHB-Z-13
KHB-Z-15
Isolat P-12
Isolat T-7
Isolat P-13
Isolat T-18
Isolat T-25
Acc num.
EU625463
EU625464
EU625465
EU625466
EU625467
EU625468
EU625469
EU625470
EU625471
EU625472
EU625473
EU784082
EU784083
EU784084
EU784085
EU784086
Lampiran D.
Contoh Elektroforegram Hasil Sekuensing
Contoh elektroforegram sampel hasil filtrasi (KHA-K-9)
Contoh elektroforegram sampel hasil kultivasi (KHB-PB-6)
118
Lampiran D (lanjutan)
Contoh elektroforegram sampel kultur tunggal (Geobacillus T12)
119
Lampiran E. Posisi Daerah Variabel dan Daerah Lestari pada Gen 16S
rRNA Escherichia coli
120
Lampiran E (lanjutan)
Keterangan:
Arah panah biru tua
: posisi primer yang digunakan untuk amplifikasi fragmen
gen 16S rRNA
Arah panah biru muda: posisi awal dan akhir urutan nukleotida sampel yang
digunakan untuk analisis
Urutan DNA berwarna ungu: urutan yang sangat lestari
Urutan DNA berwarna merah: urutan lestari
Urutan DNA berwarna hitang: urutan variabel
Urutan DNA berwarna biru: urutan yang sangat variabel
Urutan DNA berwarna hijau: urutan DNA >75% variabel.
Garis bawah berwarna hijau: daerah variabel
Garis bawah berwarna hitam: urutan yang digunakan sebagai primer PCR
121
Lampiran F.
Hasil Penjajaran Urutan Gen 16S rRNA Kultur Tunggal
(Geobacillus)
122
Lampiran F (lanjutan)
123
Lampiran F (lanjutan)
Keterangan:
•
•
•
•
urutan DNA yang sama dengan urutan konsensus diwakili dengan tanda
titik (.).
urutan DNA yang berbeda dengan urutan konsensus dituliskan hurufnya.
Gap pada urutan DNA ditandai dengan simbol (- ).
Urutan DNA yang dijajarkan berukuran sekitar 1,2 kb.
124
Lampiran G.
Hasil Penjajaran Urutan Gen 16S rRNA Kultur Tunggal
yang Dekat dengan genus Enterobacter
125
Lampiran G (lanjutan)
126
Lampiran G (lanjutan)
Keterangan:
•
•
•
•
urutan DNA yang sama dengan urutan konsensus diwakili dengan tanda
titik (.).
urutan DNA yang berbeda dengan urutan konsensus dituliskan hurufnya.
Gap pada urutan DNA ditandai dengan simbol (- ).
Urutan DNA yang dijajarkan berukuran sekitar 1,2 kb.
127
Lampiran H. Penentuan Kadar Logam dengan AAS
Tabel H-1. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar Ca dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 422 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar Ca 3 ppm
0,0327
Larutan standar Ca 6 ppm
0,0586
Larutan standar Ca 9 ppm
0,0856
Larutan standar Ca 12 ppm
0,1055
Larutan standar Ca 15 ppm
0,1316
Sampel KHA 10x pengenceran
0,0285
Sampel KHB
0,0861
Absorban (422,7 nm)
Kurva standar Ca
0.1500
y = 0.0086x + 0.0046
R2 = 0.9956
0.1000
0.0500
0.0000
0
5
10
Konsentrasi (ppm )
128
15
20
Lampiran H (Lanjutan)
Tabel H-2. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar Mg dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 285,2 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar Mg 0,04 ppm
0,2630
Larutan standar Mg 0,08 ppm
0,3611
Larutan standar Mg 0,15 ppm
0,6782
Larutan standar Mg 0,2 ppm
0,8562
Sampel KHA
0,9276
Sampel KHB
0,9708
Absorban (285,2 nm)
Kurva standar Mg
1.0000
y = 3.8463x + 0.0877
R2 = 0.992
0.8000
0.6000
0.4000
0.2000
0.0000
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
konsentrasi (ppm )
129
0.2
0.25
Lampiran H (Lanjutan)
Tabel H-3. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar Fe dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 248,3 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar Fe 0,1 ppm
0,0091
Larutan standar Fe 0,5 ppm
0,0954
Larutan standar Fe 0,8 ppm
0,1189
Larutan standar Fe 1 ppm
0,1406
Larutan standar Fe 2 ppm
0,1820
Sampel KHA
0,0165
Sampel KHB 1000x pengenceran
0,0220
Absorban (248,3 nm)
Kurva standar Fe
0.1600
0.1400
0.1200
0.1000
0.0800
0.0600
0.0400
0.0200
0.0000
y = 0.1433x + 0.005
R2 = 0.9482
0
0.5
1
konsentrasi (ppm )
130
1.5
Lampiran H (Lanjutan)
Tabel H-4. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar Mn dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 279,5 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar Mn 0,1 ppm
0,0248
Larutan standar Mn 0,5 ppm
0,0756
Larutan standar Mn 1 ppm
0,1269
Larutan standar Mn 2 ppm
0,2760
Larutan standar Mn 4 ppm
0,4980
Larutan standar Mn 6 ppm
0,7658
Sampel KHA
0,0051
Sampel KHB
0,0385
Kurva standar Mn
Absorban (279,5 nm)
1.0000
y = 0.1249x + 0.0115
R2 = 0.9988
0.8000
0.6000
0.4000
0.2000
0.0000
0
2
4
Konsentrasi (ppm )
131
6
8
Lampiran H (Lanjutan)
Tabel H-5. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar Na dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 589 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar Na 0,5 ppm
0,1704
Larutan standar Na 1 ppm
0,3421
Larutan standar Na 2 ppm
0,6814
Larutan standar Na 3 ppm
0,9641
Larutan standar Na 4 ppm
1,1373
Sampel KHA 10x pengenceran
0,4524
Sampel KHB 10x pengenceran
0,3172
Absorban (589 nm)
Kurva Standar Na
1.2000
y = 0.3236x + 0.0109
R2 = 0.9983
1.0000
0.8000
0.6000
0.4000
0.2000
0.0000
0
1
2
Konsentrasi (ppm )
132
3
4
Lampiran H (Lanjutan)
Tabel H-6. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar K dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 766,5 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar K 0,5 ppm
0,0088
Larutan standar K 1 ppm
0,0249
Larutan standar K 2 ppm
0,0831
Larutan standar K 3 ppm
0,1470
Larutan standar K 4 ppm
0,2242
Larutan standar K 5 ppm
0,3212
Sampel KHA 10x pengenceran
0,0153
Sampel KHB
0,0518
Absorban (766,5 nm)
Kurva standar K
0.2000
y = 0.0564x - 0.0256
R2 = 0.9914
0.1500
0.1000
0.0500
0.0000
0
1
2
Konsentrasi (ppm )
133
3
4
Lampiran H (Lanjutan)
Tabel H-7. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar Pb dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 217 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar Pb 2 ppm
0,0670
Larutan standar Pb 4 ppm
0,1409
Larutan standar Pb 6 ppm
0,2015
Larutan standar Pb 8 ppm
0,2680
Larutan standar Pb 10 ppm
0,3244
Sampel KHA
0,0000
Sampel KHB
0,0049
Absorban (217 nm)
Kurva standar Pb
y = 0.0326x + 0.0044
R2 = 0.9987
0.3500
0.3000
0.2500
0.2000
0.1500
0.1000
0.0500
0.0000
0
2
4
6
8
Konsentrasi (ppm )
134
10
12
Lampiran H (Lanjutan)
Tabel H-8. Absorban rata-rata larutan standar Cu dan sampel hasil pengukuran
dengan metode AAS pada panjang gelombang 324,7 nm
Analit
A rata-rata
Larutan standar Cu 1 ppm
0,1335
Larutan standar Cu 2 ppm
0,2720
Larutan standar Cu 3 ppm
0,4017
Larutan standar Cu 4 ppm
0,0542
Larutan standar Cu 5 ppm
0,6397
Sampel KHA
0,0000
Sampel KHB
0,0663
Absorban (324,7 nm)
Kurva standar Cu
y = 0.1285x + 0.0072
R2 = 0.9989
0.7000
0.6000
0.5000
0.4000
0.3000
0.2000
0.1000
0.0000
0
1
2
3
4
Konsentrasi (ppm )
135
5
6
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Penulis dilahirkan sebagai putri ketujuh dari pasangan Bapak H.Yuhana Saefullah
dengan Ibu Hj. Ai Hotimah pada tanggal 5 November 1970 di Tasikmalaya.
Penulis menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar dan menengah di Tasikmalaya dan lulus
dari SMA Negeri I Tasikmalaya pada tahun 1989.
Gelar sarjana kimia diperoleh pada tahun 1994 di Departemen Kimia Institut
Teknologi Bandung dan Magister Sains diperoleh pada tahun 2002 di Program
Pascasarjana ITB dalam bidang Biokima dengan beasiswa DUE-Karyasiswa. Pada
tahun 2003 penulis mendapat kesempatan untuk mengikuti Program Doktor di
Sekolah Pascasarjana ITB dalam bidang Biokimia di bawah bimbingan Bapak
Akhmaloka, Ph.D sebagai Promotor, dengan Ko-Promotor Ibu Fida Madayanti,
Ph.D dan Ibu Dr. Pingkan Aditiawati.
Sejak tahun 2000 hingga sekarang penulis menjadi staf pengajar di Jurusan Kimia
FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan.
Penulis menikah dengan M.H. Aripin Ali dan dikaruniai 3 orang putra yaitu Adry
Fahmi Arifin, Azmi Kautsar Alim, dan Ali Muhammad Raihan.
Selama mengikuti pendidikan Program Doktor di ITB, penulis telah menghasilkan
beberapa publikasi, antara lain:
•
Yohandini, H., F. Madayanti, P. Aditiawati, dan Akhmaloka (2005)
Biodiversitas Mikroorganisme Termofilik Isolat Kawah Hujan, Kamojang,
Jawa Barat. Proceeding of JSChem ITB-UKM VI, Sanur, Bali
•
Yohandini, H., F. Madayanti, P. Aditiawati, dan Akhmaloka (2006)
Bacterial Community Analysis of Kawah Hujan, Kamojang Hot Spring,
West Java. Proceeding of International Conference on Mathematic and
Natural Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia
136
•
Yohandini, H., F. Madayanti, P. Aditiawati, dan Akhmaloka (2007)
Culture-Independent
and
Culture-Dependent
Analysis
of
Microbial
Community in Kawah Hujan. JSChem ITB-UKM-2007. Bandung, Indonesia
•
Akhmaloka, S. Nurbaiti, R. Hertadi, H. Yohandini, A.L. Aminin, H.
Helwati, and F. Madayanti (2006). Thermophilic Microorganism and
Thermostable
Enzyme
from
Indonesian
Isolates.
Proceeding
of
International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung,
Indonesia
•
Viera, B.V.E., H. Yohandini, M.P. Widhiastuty, F. Madayanti, dan
Akhmaloka (2007) Isolation and Identification of the Thermophilic Bacteria
Producing Lipase from Kawah Hujan Hot Springs. JSChem ITB-UKM-2007.
Bandung, Indonesia
•
Yohandini, H., F. Madayanti, P. Aditiawati, dan Akhmaloka (2008)
Diversity of Microbial Thermophiles in a Neutral Hot Spring (Kawah Hujan
A) of Kamojang Geothermal Field, Indonesia, Journal of Pure and Applied
Microbiology (submitted)
•
Yohandini, H., F. Madayanti, P. Aditiawati, dan Akhmaloka (2008).
Microbial Diversity in Acidic Hot Spring (Kawah Hujan B) of Kamojang
Area, West Java-Indonesia, Microbes and Environment (submitted)
•
Yohandini, H., F. Madayanti, P. Aditiawati, dan Akhmaloka (2008) Cell
Lysis Variation on Assessment of Microbial Diversity Based on Ribotyping
Analysis, Microbiology Indonesia (accepted)
•
Akhmaloka, S. Nurbaiti, P. Aditiawati, R. Hertadi, H. Yohandini,
A.L.Aminin, H.Helwati, and F. Madayanti (2006) Exploration of
Thermophilic Microorganism from Hot Spring Around Java. Journal of the
Indonesian Chemical Society, 1, 1-9
Hasil-hasil penelitian juga telah dipresentasikan dalam beberapa kegiatan seminar,
diantaranya:
•
Analysis of Microbial Community in Kawah Hujan Using Denaturing
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. Internatioanal Seminar in Advances Biological
Sciences, 2007, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
137
•
Biodiversitas Mikroorganisme Termofilik Isolat Kawah Hujan, Kamojang,
Jawa Barat. Seminar JSChem ITB-UKM VI, Sanur, Bali
•
Bacterial Community Analysis of Kawah Hujan, Kamojang Hot Spring, West
Java. International Conference on Mathematic and Natural Sciences, 2006,
Bandung, Indonesia
•
Culture-Independent
and
Culture-Dependent
Analysis
of
Microbial
Community in Kawah Hujan. Seminar JSChem ITB-UKM-2007. Bandung,
Indonesia
•
Isolation and Identification of the Thermophilic Bacteria Producing Lipase
from Kawah Hujan Hot Springs. Seminar JSChem ITB-UKM-2007. Bandung,
Indonesia
•
Thermophilic Microorganism and Thermostable Enzyme from Indonesian
Isolates. International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
2006, Bandung, Indonesia
138