Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis

Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis
Mikrokontroler ATMega16
Design of LPG Gas Leak Detectors Based on ATMega16
Microcontroller
Disusun Oleh :
Yosefin
0822091
Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Kristen Maranatha,
Jl.Prof.Drg.Suria Sumantri MPH no.65 Bandung, Indonesia.
Email : [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Berita kebakaran sering terdengar sebagai akibat tabung gas LPG meledak,
penyebab meledaknya tabung gas ini karena kebocoran pada selang, tabung atau pada
regulatornya yang tidak terpasang dengan baik. Pada saat terjadi kebocoran akan
tercium gas yang menyengat, gas inilah yang nantinya akan meledak apabila ada
percikan api. Pada intinya ledakan dapat dihindarkan apabila terdapat penanganan
dini saat gas keluar atau pada saat kebocoran gas terjadi.
Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah alat untuk mendeteksi kebocoran gas dengan
memanfaatkan sensor gas MQ 6. Sistem yang dirancang dilengkapi dengan LCD
sebagai informasi konsentrasi gas bocor yang dideteksi sensor. Sistem untuk
membuka dan menutup katup pada selang diregulator yaitu dengan menggunakan
solenoid valve.
Waktu yang dibutuhkan sensor untuk mendeteksi gas bocor mempengaruhi
penutupan pada solenoid valve. Sedangkan waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh sensor untuk
membaca nilai gas PPM maksimal (10.009 PPM) sampai nilai gas PPM normal (204
PPM) ialah membutuhkan waktu respon rata-rata 300 detik.
Kata kunci : Mikrokontroler, Kebocoran gas, Sensor gas MQ6, Solenoid Valve.
i
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis
Mikrokontroler ATMega 16
Design Of LPG Gas Leak Detectors Based Microcontroller
ATMega16
Composed By :
Yosefin
0822091
Electrical Engineering, Maranatha Christian University
Jl.Prof.Drg.Suria Sumantri MPH no.65 Bandung, Indonesia,
Email : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
News fire is often heard as a result of LPG gas cylinders exploded, causing
the explosion was due to gas cylinder leak in the hose, tube or the regulator is not
installed properly. In the event of a leak will smell a pungent gas, gas that later will
explode if a spark. In essence explosion can be avoided if there is early treatment
when the gas out or when the gas leak occurred.
In this study created a tool to detect gas leaks by utilizing gas sensor MQ 6.
Designed system is equipped with a LCD as information leak is detected gas
concentration sensor. System to open and close the valve on the hose diregulator is
by using a solenoid valve.
The time required to detect a gas leak sensor affect the closing solenoid valve.
While the time required by the sensor to read the maximum value of gas PPM (10,009
PPM) PPM gas until normal values (204 PPM) is the response takes an average of
300 seconds.
Keywords: Microcontroller, gas leak, gas sensor MQ 6, Solenoid Valve.
ii
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR ISI
Abstrak....................................................................................................................... i
Abstract...................................................................................................................... ii
Kata Pengantar........................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................... v
Daftar Tabel............................................................................................................... viii
Daftar Gambar........................................................................................................... ix
Daftar Lampiran......................................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah……………………………………………………... 1
1.2. Identifikasi Masalah......................................................................................... 1
1.3. Rumusan Masalah............................................................................................ 2
1.4. Tujuan……………………………………………………………………... … 2
1.5. Pembatasan Masalah…………………………………………………………. 2
1.6. Sistematika Penulisan....................................................................................... 3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1. LPG................................................................................................................. 4
2.1.1. Gas Propana........................................................................................... 5
2.1.2. Gas Butana............................................................................................. 6
2.2. Mikrokontroler AVR ATMega16..................................................................... 6
2.2.1. Mikrokontroler....................................................................................... 7
2.2.2. AVR....................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2.1. AVR ATMega 16 .................................................................... 8
2.3. LCD.................................................................................................................. 12
v
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
2.5. LED.................................................................................................................. 15
2.4. Sensor MQ 6..................................................................................................... 15
2.4.1. Prinsip Operasi Sensor MQ 6..........……….................……………….. 17
2.4.2. Spesifikasi Sensor.........................................………...………………... 18
2.5. Solenoid Valve…………………………………..………………………….... 20
2.5.1 Spesifikasi Solenoid Valve.……………………………………………. 21
BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI
3.1. Perangkat Lunak................................................................................................. 26
3.1.1 Code Vision AVR………………..………………………………........... 26
3.2. Perangkat Keras.................................................................................................. 29
3.3. Perancangan Sistem Uji Alat............................................................................. 31
3.3.1. Ruang Uji................................................................................................. 31
3.3.2. Selang Regulator...................................................................................... 31
3.3.3. Driver Solenoid Valve.............................................................................. 32
BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN DAN ANALISA
4.1. Pengujian Parameter - Parameter………………..……………………......….....34
4.1.1. Uji Selektifitas..............................…………………………………...... 34
4.1.2. Uji Sensitifitas ………………………………………………….......… 34
4.1.3. Uji Resolusi.... ………………………………………………….......… 35
4.1.4. Uji Ukur.......... ………………………………………………….......… 35
4.2. Data Pengamatan…………………………………………………………....... 35
4.2.1. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Selektifitas………......……………….......… 35
4.2.2. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Sensitifitas..………………………….......… 36
4.2.3. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Resolusi..... ………………………….......… 37
4.2.4. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Ukur.......... ……………………….….......… 39
4.3. Analisis Data Keseluruhan..................................................................................40
vi
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Kesimpulan......................................................................................................... 41
2.2. Saran................................................................................................................... 41
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................ ..... 43
vii
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Jenis Mikrokontroler AVR……...……,,,,.……………………..................7
Tabel 2.2.1 Fungsi Khusus PORT B .....……………...……………...........................9
Tabel 2.2.2 Fungsi Khusus PORT C...........................................................................10
Tabel 2.2.3 Fungsi Khusus PORT D .....…........………………….............................10
Tabel 2.3 Fungsi Pin-Pin LCD...................................................................................13
Tabel 2.3 Tabel Spesifikasi Sensor.............................................................................18
Tabel 4.1 Uji Selektifitas……………........................................................................35
Tabel 4.2 Uji Sensitifitas............................………………………………………....36
Tabel 4.3 Waktu valve menutup dengan jarak sensor berbeda....….....……….........37
Tabel 4.4 Jumlah PPM maksimum dengan batasan jarak sensor dan waktu............38
Tabel 4.5 Uji Ukur..........................................………………………………….......39
Tabel 4.6 maksimum 10.009 PPM kembali normal 204 PPM..................................40
viii
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Konfigurasi Kaki ATMega16 .........…………………...…...…........... 8
Gambar 2.2 LCD...........................................................................……………...…. 12
Gambar 2.3 Tampilan LCD (2X16)................................................................….…. 14
Gambar 2.4 LED........................................................................................................ 15
Gambar 2.5 Sensor MQ 6………........………………………………...……........... 16
Gambar 2.6 Rangkaian MQ 6.......……….....……………………………………... 16
Gambar 2.7 Model of inter-grain potential barrier…....................………………... 17
Gambar 2.8 Sensitivity Characteristik.............................………………………….. 19
Gambar 2.9 Solenoid Valve DC 24V…………………………................................. 20
Gambar 2.10 Rangkaian dalam Solenoid Valve……………………………….….. 22
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Blok Sistem.......................………………………………….. 23
Gambar 3.2 Flow Chart Program...........………..……………………………….… 25
Gambar 3.3 Sensitivity Characteristik MQ 6….......………………………………. 27
Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian Skematik Alat Ukur Konsentrasi LPG Berbasis
Mikrokontroler ATMega16.........…………......……………………... 30
Gambar 3.5 Ruang Uji.......………………….……………………………………... 31
Gambar 3.6 Selang LPG...............................……………………..………..………. 31
Gambar 3.7 Driver Solenoid Valve..............……………………..………..………. 33
ix
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN A
PROGRAM CODE VISION AVR...........................................................................A-1
LAMPIRAN B
TAMPILAN PERANCANGAN ALAT PENDETEKSI KEBOCORAN GAS
BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 16...................................................B-1
x
Universitas Kristen Maranatha