ancors_arsana_fisheries

Sengketa Batas Maritim dan penyelesaiannya.
http://duniadongeng.wordpress.com/
I Made Andi Arsana | [email protected] | @madeandi
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Isi Kuliah Hari Ini
• Penyebab sengketa batas maritim
• Penyelesaian sengketa batas maritim
Negosiasi, mediasi, Arbitrasi dan litigasi
• Alternatif selain delimitasi: Joint Development Zones dan
Mekanisme kerjasama lainnya
• Studi Kasus Indonesia
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Penyebab Sengketa Batas Maritim
Klaim sepihak
Sumberdaya alam
Sengkete pulau
Belum ada batas
sama sekali
Adanya pulau kecil
(Batek)
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Indonesia-Malaysia-Vietnam-Thailand-India
Ina-My
Ina-Viet
Ina-Tha
Ina-Ind
I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2011
I Made
Andi Arsana
(c) 2011
Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing
is a crime
and unethical

Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Delimitasi EEZ di Selat Malakar – Usulan dan Kemungkinan
memasuki
Batas ZEEAnda
Batas
ZEE
Perairan
Indonesia
Usulan Indonesia
(Usulan Malaysia)
Indonesia
Malaysia
Pak Cik yang masuk kat
perairan awak
EquidistanceAlasan
(sama kepraktisan
jarak)
I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2011
Garis batas dasar laut (LK)
(Disepakati tahun 1969)
I Are
Made
you
Andi
sureArsana
to take(c)
it off?
2011
I Made
Andi Arsana
(c) 2011
Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing
is a crime
and unethical

Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Media dan Birokrat….
“Insiden
“Insiden terjadi
terjadi di
di perairan
perairan Indonesia”
Indonesia”
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Opsi Penyelesaian Sengketa
• Negosiasi
– Para pihak memegang kendali terhadap kasus
• Mediasi
– Memerlukan pihak ketiga, para pihak saling bertemu
• Arbitrase
– Memerlukan pihak ketiga, para pihak tidak harus
saling bertemu
• Ligitasi  Mahkamah Internasional atau ITLOS
– Para pihak menyerahkan ke lembaga peradilan
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Selain Delimitasi? Joint Development Zone (Ina-Aus-TL)
Indonesia
Rote Islands
Ashmore Islands
Official claim by the British (1878)
Cartier Island
1600s  ‘Indonesians’
came to fish
MoU Box (1974)
traditional fishing rights
Scott Reef
Browse Island
I Made Andi Arsana © 2012
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Australia
Solusi Sementara? (Indonesia-Malaysia MoU)
Kisah nelayan di kawasan abu-abu ...
saputrairfan.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/nelayan.jpg
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Solusi Sementara? (Indonesia-Malaysia MoU)
Sebuah solusi sementara ...
11 Pasal
Berlaku di semua kawasan yangn batas maritimnya belum tuntas
Tindak pencegahan  nelayan tidak ditangkap tapi diminta pergi
Berikutnya: SOP , pelatihan bersama dengan skenario
saputrairfan.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/nelayan.jpg
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
KASUS Perbatasan di Indonesia
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Insiden Perbatasan di Selat Malaka 7 April 2011
I Made Andi Arsana
© 2011
`
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
The absence of maritime boundaries (EEZ)
Maritime incidents
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
EEZ Delimitation  Article 74 of UNCLOS
“The delimitation of exclusive economic zone between
States with opposite or adjacent coasts shall be
effected by agreement on the basis of international law,
as referred to in Article 38 of the Statute of the
International Court of Justice, in order to achieve an
equitable solution.”
Compared to Territorial Sea delimitation (Art. 15):
[...] “neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them to the
contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line every point of
which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which
the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two States is measured.”
[...]
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
EEZ Delimitation  Article 74 UNCLOS
Pertanyaannya:
Apakah yg dimaksud “equitable solution”?
Haruskah sama jarak/equidistant?
Bisakah sama jarak dianggap adil/equitable?
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Menuju solusi permanen: delimitasi batas maritim!
I Made Andi Arsana © 2011
`
Batas dasar laut (1969)
Batas EEZ (Usulan Indonesia)
Batas EEZ (Usulan Malaysia)
Opsi batas maritim [?]
I Made
Andi Arsana
(c) 2011
Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing
is a crime
and unethical

Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Perbedaan batas ZEE dan LK: Indonesia-Malaysia
Indonesia
Malaysia
“… organisms which, at the
harvestable stage, either are
immobile on or under the seabed
or are unable to move except in
I Made Andi
Arsana
(c) 2011with
constant
physical
contact
the seabed or subsoil”
(LOSC, Art. 77 (4))
Batas ZEE
I Made Andi Arsana ©(di masa depan)
2012
Batas landas kontinen
(dasar laut)  1969
I Made
Andi Arsana
(c) 2012
Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing
is a crime
and unethical

Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Sengketa Blok Ambalat
Batas darat
Blok Japex (‘66)
Blok NE Kalimantan (‘70)
Klaim Malaysia (‘79)
Blok Sebawang (‘97)
Blok Bukat (‘98)
Garis 4° 10’ LU
Blok Ambalat (‘99)
Blok Ambalat Timur (‘04)
Malaysia
(Sabah)
Tanpa skala, untuk ilustrasi saja
P. Ligitan
Kr.
Unarang
P. Sipadan
Ambalat?
Hak berdaulat!
Note:
This illustration is created by I Made Andi Arsana.
Blok ND6
and ND7
M’sia (’05)
Objects depicted here is for illustrative purposes only and
do not
necessarily
tindih
klaim
represent true and accurate location and dimension. The Tumpang
use of this
illustration
Malaysia
[?]
for any objective must be with a written permission fromKapal
I Made
Andi(‘09)
Arsana.
Garis pangkal Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Borneo
Indonesia
(Kalimantan)
Arsana, 2009 [[email protected]]
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Batas LT Indonesia
Batas LT Malaysia
Tumpang tindih LT
Batas ZT Indonesia
Batas ZT Malaysia
Tumpang tindih ZT
Opsi batas maritim?
Opsi batas maritim?
Insiden di Tanjung Berakit tanggal 14 Agustus 2010
Indonesia’s Baselines
not to scale, for illustrative purposes only
1969 seabed boundary (Ina-My)
© I Made Andi Arsana, 2010
[email protected]
1973 territorial sea boundary (Ina-Sg)
Malaysia’s 1979 Map
Sovereignty dispute (MY-SIN)
Indonesia’s claim
2009 territorial sea boundary (Ina-Sg)
Indonesia’s claim
Johor
Johor
Overlapping claim
Tanjung
You are
entering Punggai
Indonesian waters. We are
patrolling our waters.
Singapore
You are the one
entering our waters.
We are also patrolling
our waters.
We will arrest you!
We will arrest you!
Pulau-pulau
Lima
Pedra
Branca
Middle
Rocks
South Legde
Tg. Berakit
Pulau Batam
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Pulau Bintan
Maritime delimitation options
EEZ?
Pt. 11
Malaysia
P. Branca (SG)
Singapore
M. Rocks (MY)
Pt. 6
S. Ledge (MY)
12 M
Indonesia
Indonesia
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id
Persiapan Kuliah Minggu Depan
Batas Pengelolaan Laut Daerah
•
•
•
•
Pasal 25 UUD ’45
Pasal 33 UUD ’45
UU tentang pemerintahan daerah (UU No. 32/2004)
Ketentuan teknis penentuan batas pengelolaan laut daerah
Available at http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id