MAGMA The Magma

MAGMA
The Magma: a liquid or solvent incandescent silicate that
natural is the car, the temperature between 900-1200
degrees Celsius or more coming from the bottom of the
earth's crust.
Magma in the earth's crust
Chemical composition of magma
1.Senyawa a non volatil oxide and a
compound in magma consisting of
SiO2, Al2O9, Fe2O9, FeO, MnO, Cao,
Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5.
2.Senyawa volatil; consists of a
faction-faction gas CH4, CO2, HCL,
H2S, SO2 etc..
3. Elements or trace elements: Rb, Ba,
Sr, Ni, Co, V, Li, Cr, S, Pb.
MAGMA EVOLUTION
Magma can change into another magma by processes:
1. Hybridization: The establishment of new magma
as the magma mixing 2 different
2. Sinteksis: the establishment of new magma
because the process of the rock side asimilasi
3. Anateksis: the process of formation of magma f
rom the fusion of rock at great depth
Processes of magma differentiation
include
 Fragsinasi: is the separation of crystals from
solution because the magma crystallization
process does not run in proportion or crystalcrystal at the time of cooling does not follow the
development of the (changes of temperature
and pressure and striking suddenly).
 Cristal settling / gravitational settling is the
settling of the crystals because the crystals are
grafitasi Ca, Mg, Fe is enriched in the magma
reservoir.
 Liquid immisibility
 Cristal flotation
 Vesiculation
 Diffusion
Scheme differesiasi magma
BOWN reaction
A scheme showing the sequence of
crystallization of the rock forming
minerals
Consists of:
1.The black mineral or mineral mefik
2.The white mineral or mineral felsik
Scheme that shows SERIE
Reaction Bown (William, 1992)
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 Crystallization sequence of minerals is not always
menunujukkan successive crystalitation but also
overlapping
 Main minerals in rock are:
ultra basa rock group:
Olivin : olivin –piroksen
Olivin – Plagioklas : Olivin- plagioklas-piroksen
Piroksen : piroksen-plagioklas
Intermediet rock group :
Piroksen-hornblende-plagioklas
Hornblende-plagioklas
Hornblende-plagioklas-biotit-kwarsa
intermediet asam rock group:
Hornblende-biotit-orthoklas-plagioklas
Hornblende-biotit-muskovit-plagioklas-kwarsa
Biotit-muscovite- orthoklas-etc.
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MINERAL composition
Main minerals: adl.
Minerals that form from
magma crystallization,
and attendance is set in
stone naming.
Based on color and density can be grouped
into:
Felsic minerals (meneral colored light with an
average density 2,5-2,7), namely:
Miniral kwarsa (Si O2)
Feldspar group, consists of a series feldsfar
alkali (K, Na) AlSiaOa, alkali feldspar series
consists of sanidin, orthoklas, anorthoklas,
adularia, and mkroklin, plagioklas series
consists of albit, oligoklas, andesin, labradorit,
bitownit, and anortit.
Groups feldspatoid (Na, K alumina silicate),
consisting of nevelin, sodalit, leusit.
b).Mineral mafic (minerals feromagnesia with
dark color and density average 3,0-3,6)
Namely:
 Olivin group: Fayalith, and Forsterite
 Piroksen group: consists of Enstantite,
Hipersten, Augit,Pegionit, and Diopsite.
 Groups Mika; Biotit, Muskovit, plogopit
 Groups Ampibol: Cumingtonit, Hornblende,
Rieberkit, tremolit, Aktinolit, etc. Glaukopan.
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B. SECONDARY MINERAL
Mineral is a major change from the
mineral, can result from weathering,
a reaction against
hidrotermalmaupun results
metamorfose major mineral.
SECONDARY MINERAL
CONSISTS OF:
 Groups kalsit (kalsit, dolomite, magnesit, siderit),
can change the
 results of mineral plagioklas.
 Groups serpentin (antigorit, krisotil) general form of
the mineral mefic
 change (especially olivin groups, and piroksen)
 Groups klorit, (proklor, penin, talk) in general form
of the mineral group
 of minerals change plagioklas
 Groups sericit, change as mineral plagioklas
 Kaolin group minerals (kaolin, holosyte) generally
found as a result of
 the frozen rock weathering.
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C. ADDITIONAL MINERAL
Minerals that form from magma
crystallization, generally in a little
amount. Although quite a lot of
presence does not affect the naming
rock.
Included in this group are:
Hematit, kromit, spene, muskovit,
rutile, magnetit, zeolit, apatit, etc..
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