Ethical Writing in Fisheries & Marine Science Unit 7

UNIT 7
ETHICAL WRITING IN FISHERIES AND
MARINE SCIENCE
Do you ever heard about plagiarism?
What is it? What do you think about it?
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Watch this video below from the University of Alberta to understand how certain behaviors that are acceptable
outside of academic matters, are unacceptable at in certain matters. Scan the barcode and watch the video from the
University of Alberta to understand how certain behaviors that are acceptable outside of academic matters, are
unacceptable at in certain matters.
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AVOIDING
Plagiarism
What is Plagiarism?
There is certainly no single universally agreed definition about it. But, it can be argued that all imitative learning is
plagiarism. For example, we use ideas from other people all the time, weave them into our working and academic lives,
gradually taking ownership of them until we eventually forget who influenced us in the first place.
Plagiarism, in an academic context, refers to an intentional decision not to acknowledge the work of others in
assignments – or ignoring usually well-publicized obligations to do this. In general, plagiarism is one of a number of
practices deemed by universities to constitute cheating, or a lack of academic integrity.
How to Avoid Plagiarism?
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These five ways of incorporating other writers' work into your own writing differ according to the closeness of your writing
to the source writing. So, what are the differences?
Paraphrase
Does not match the source
word for word.
Involves putting a passage
from a source into your own
words.
Changes the words or
phrasing of a passage, but
retains and fully
communicates the original
meaning.
Must be attributed to the
original source.
Summary
Does not match the source
word for word.
Involves putting the main
idea(s) into your own words,
but including only the main
point(s).
Presents a broad overview, so
is usually much shorter than
the original text.
Must be attributed to the
original source.
Quotation
Match the source word for
word.
Are usually a brief segment of
the text.
Appear between quotation
marks.
Must be attributed to the
original source.
Citation
Always remember to put citation after quoting someone. A citation
will appear as:
(Strander, 2010) or Strander (2010)
References
Every quotes and citations on your writing should appear on the
references.
References have styles, depend on the regulations where you
submit your work.
Styles: Harvard, APA, MLA (most common)
As writer we use them for several purposes:
Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing
Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
Give examples of several points of view on a subject
Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original
Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are
not your own
Expand the breadth or depth of your writing
SCAN
HERE
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PARAPHRASE
and Summarize
Let’s Practice how to paraphrase! Mix and match the proverb with its meaning.
1. People who live in glass houses shouldn't
throw stones.
2. You made your bed - now you must lie in it.
3. Blood is thicker than water.
4. A stitch in time saves nine.
5. It never rains but it pours.
6. One man's meat is another man's poison.
7. A miss is as good as a mile.
a) If you say you will do something then do it.
b) Do not treat others badly if you cannot handle the
consequences and you yourself have faults.
c) Things are worse than they seem.
d) You still lost.
e) Family is most important.
f) What can hurt one person can help another.
g) Do not procrastinate.
\
Paraphrase is a way of presenting a text, keeping the same meaning, but using different words and phrasing.
Paraphrasing is used with short sections of text, such as phrases and sentences. A paraphrase may result in a
longer, rather than shorter, version of the original text. It offers an alternative to using direct quotations and helps
students to integrate evidence/ source material into assignments. Paraphrasing is also a useful skill for making
notes from readings, note-taking in lectures, and explaining information in tables, charts and diagrams. Look the
example.
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Original passage
The success of aquaculture and fisheries management of introduced key species requires knowledge on spawning
biology (Adite et al., 2017).
Paraphrased version
The effective management of aquaculture and fisheries involving introduced key species depends on a clear
understanding of their spawning biology (Adite et al., 2017).
Because paraphrasing involves changing the source's words and the sequence of the source's ideas, you must take
care not to produce a distorted result. In order to create a paraphrase that is ethical and appropriate, keep these
guidelines in mind as you develop your skill in paraphrasing:
-Use your own words
-Preserve the meaning
-Rearrange the order of the ideas
A summary is an overview of a text. The main idea is given, but details, examples and formalities are left out. Used with
longer texts, the main aim of summarizing is to reduce or condense a text to its most important ideas. Summarizing is a
useful skill for making notes from readings and in lectures, writing an abstract/synopsis and incorporating material in
assignments. You can summarize long sections of work, like a long paragraph, page or chapter. Take a look at the
following example.
Original source:
Sustainable fisheries and marine resource management require a comprehensive approach that includes regulating
fishing quotas, enforcing seasonal restrictions, protecting critical habitats such as coral reefs and mangroves, reducing
bycatch, and continuously monitoring fish population dynamics, all of which are essential to maintaining biodiversity,
supporting coastal livelihoods, and ensuring that marine resources remain available and productive for future
generations.
Summary:
SCAN
HERE
Sustainable fisheries management involves controlling fishing practices and protecting marine ecosystems to preserve
biodiversity and ensure resources for the future.
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Paraphrase and Summarize
PRACTICE
Paraphrase the following sentences.
1. Fisheries play a crucial role in supporting global food security by providing a major source of protein for millions
of people around the world.
2. Aquaculture has expanded rapidly over the past few decades due to increasing demand for seafood and
declining wild fish stocks.
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3. Sustainable fishing practices are necessary to ensure that marine ecosystems remain balanced and productive
for future generations.
4. Many coastal communities rely on fisheries not only for food but also as a primary source of income and
employment.
5. Technological advancements in aquaculture have improved fish breeding, feeding efficiency, and disease
management.
6. Overfishing can lead to the depletion of fish populations, which disrupts marine biodiversity and ecosystem
stability.
7.Water quality management is a critical factor in aquaculture systems to ensure the health and growth of farmed
species.
Summarize the following sentences.
1. Marine conservation efforts include protecting coral reefs, reducing pollution, and managing fishing activities to
maintain healthy ocean ecosystems.
2. Aquaculture helps increase seafood production by farming fish and other aquatic species under controlled
conditions to meet growing global demand.
3. Overfishing can reduce fish populations, disrupt marine ecosystems, and negatively impact the livelihoods of
coastal communities.
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QUOTATION
and Reference
A quotation is an exact reproduction of spoken or written words.Direct quotes can provide strong evidence, act as an
authoritative voice, or support a writer's statements. The changes of sentence are not allowed. The content has to be the
same as the referenced content. For example:
· Direct quotation
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (2022), “aquaculture production has grown rapidly in recent decades”
(p. 24).
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2023) states, “overfishing occurs when more fish are caught than
the population can replace” (p 1).
According to Raymond J. Cole (2020), “sustainable aquaculture depends on balancing environmental, economic, and social
factors” (p. 78).
· Indirect quotation
Food and Agriculture Organization (2022) states that aquaculture production has increased significantly over recent
decades.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2023) explains that overfishing happens when fish are harvested
faster than they can reproduce.
Based on Raymond J. Cole (2020), sustainable aquaculture requires balancing environmental, economic, and social
considerations.
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QUOTATION
and Reference
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In academic writing, referencing is the standard practice of acknowledging the sources you've used to support your
ideas, arguments, and research. It's a crucial aspect of academic integrity. Like citation, there are several different
referencing styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard. Each style has specific rules for formatting citations and
bibliographies or reference lists. The following list will show how to make reference in APA format.
· Book from one author
Murray, R. (2005). Writing for academic journals. Open University Press.
· Book from more than one author
Takamatsu, A., & Johnson, W. (2005). Deduction of article. Bloomsbury.
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (1989). Educational research: An introduction (5th ed.). Longman.
· Different Works by Same Author in Same Year
Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). AIDS: The ultimate challenge. Collier Books.
Kubler-Ross, E. (1993b). Questions and answers on death and dying. Collier Books.
· Printed Journal Articles
Torrance, M., Thomas, G. V., & Robinson, E. J. (1993). Training in thesis writing: An evaluation of three conceptual orientations.
British Journal of Educational Psychology, 61, 170–184.
· Journal Article from Internet
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for
college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1):24-58. https://www.ahead.org/professionalresources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
· Video Recording
Russell, G. (Writer, producer, & narrator), & Wiseman, P. (Producer). (1995). Tackling bullies: An Australian perspective [Video].
Video Classroom.
· Website
Meredith, S., & Endicott, T. (2005). The Oxford standard for citation of legal authorities. Retrieved June 26, 2008, from http://
denning.law.ox.ac.uk/published/oscola.shtml
·Unpublished Thesis
Neo, M. C. (2000). The role of education as a process of human release from various problems of life (Unpublished master’s
thesis). University of Sydney.
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Quotation and References
PRACTICE
Decide whether the sentence is a Direct Quotation (DQ) or Indirect Quotation (IQ).
1.According to Smith (2022), sustainable fishing is important for protecting marine ecosystems. ______
2.Brown (2021) states, “Marine pollution threatens biodiversity in coastal areas” (p. 12). ______
3.Jones (2023) explains that overfishing can reduce fish populations and harm ecosystems. ______
Choose the Correct APA Direct Quotation
1.A study by Taylor (2020) discusses aquaculture development.
a) Taylor (2020) said aquaculture is important.
b) Taylor (2020) states, “aquaculture is important for food production” (p. 15).
c) (Taylor 2020) “aquaculture is important” p.15
d) Taylor, (2020) “Aquaculture is important.”
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2.A study by Green (2021) discusses marine conservation.
a) Green (2021) explains marine conservation is necessary.
b) Green (2021) states, “marine conservation helps protect ocean life” (p. 22).
c) (Green, 2021) “marine conservation helps protect ocean life.”
d) Green (2021), “Marine conservation helps protect ocean life” p.22
Five publications in various formats are described below. Express the reference details for each in the APA style and
compile a list of references.
1. A book titled Marine Fisheries Management, written by John Peterson and Lisa Wong, published in London by Routledge
in 2021.
2. An article by Carlos Rivera called “The Impact of Overfishing on Marine Biodiversity,” published in the journal Marine
Ecology, volume 45, number 2, pages 120–135, in 2022.
3. A web page titled “Sustainable Aquaculture Practices,” written by Sarah Lim, published on June 10, 2023, and retrieved
from https://www.aquacultureinfo.org/sustainable
4. A book titled Introduction to Aquatic Sciences, written by Michael Brown, David Clark, and Emma Scott, published in 2020
in New York by Springer, 2nd edition.
5.An article by Ahmed Hassan titled “Climate Change and Fisheries Production,” published in the journal Ocean and Coastal
Management, volume 210, pages 105–115, in 2023.
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