E-PROF-4 BUILDING VOCABULARIES modals 100+ ways to avoid using the word very ( building vocabulary) Very bad Awful Very good Excellent Very smart Intelligent Very stupid Idiotic Very sad Sorrowful Very happy Ecstatic Very upset Distraught Very exciting Exhilarating Very cold Freezing Very warm Hot Very strong Forceful Very weak Frail Very bright Luminous Very hungry Starving Very busy Swamped Very hurt Buttered Very careful Cautious Very large Huge Very clear Obvious Very lazy Indolent Very colorful Vibrant Very long Extensive Very confused Perplexed Very loose Stack Very mean Cruel Very skinny Skeletal Very messy Slovenly Very smooth Sleek Very nice Kind Very soft Downy Very often Frequently Ver sorry apologetic Very old Ancient Very special Exceptions Very angry Furious Very calm Serene Very beautiful Gorgeous Very ugly Hideous Very big Massive Very small Petite Very boring Dull Very funny Hilarious Very noise Deafening Very quiet Hushed Very poor Destitute Very rich Wealthy Very creative Innovative Very accurate Exact Very crowded Bustling Very afraid Fearful Very dear Cherished Very clever Intelligent Very chip Stingi Very expensive Costly Very clean Spotless Very dirty Filthy Very short Brief Very tall Towering Very difficult Arduous Very easy Effortless Very dry Arid Very wet Soaked Very quick Rapid Very slow Sluggish Very sure Certain Very weak Frail Very dull Tedious Very eager Keen Very fast Quick Very fierce Ferocious Very ligt Luminous Very lively Animated Very lovely Adorable Very plate Ashen Very perfect Flawless Very powerful Compelling Very pretty Beautiful Very rainy Pouring Very scared Petrified Very slow Sluggish Very simple Basic Very shy Timid Very sharp Keen Very shiny Gleaming Very dirty Filthy Very sweet Touhtful Very talented Gifted Very tasty Delicious Very thirsty Parched Very tight Constricting Very careful Cautious Very tired Exhausted Very wide Expansive Very willing Eager Very windy Blustery Very wise Sage Very worried Distressed Very slow sluggish F O R M A L A N D I N F O R M AL W O R D At first Initially Use Consume Ask Enquire Go Depart Ask for Request Say sory Apologize Book Reserve Start Commence Check Verify Tough Difficult Get Receive Explain Disclose Help Assist Throw out Eject Need Request Old Elderly Deal with Handle Say Express Tell Inform Afraid Fearful Wait for Await In the end Finally Fight Combat But However Go up increase Wrong incorrect INFORMAL Mad Insane Lucky Fortunate Smart Intelligent Right Correct A bit A little Away Absent Let Allow Climb Ascend Pin down Determine Throw away Discard Make out Discern Talk about Discuss Give out Distribute Give donate FORMAL Dare Challenge Kids Children Settle for Choose Round Circular Pick up Collect Think of Conceive Sick Ill Ask out Invite Go away Leave Free Liberate Bad negativ CAN I IN- FORMAL COULD I CAN I , YOU, WE, THEY, HE, SHE, IT COULD I, WE SEMI – FORMAL FORMAL MAY I MAY CAN COULD MAY Negatif unswers : CAN I COULD I MAY I I HAVE SOME ORANGE JUICE SURE, HERE WE GO YES OF COURSE CERTAINLY Can ==== Sorry , we,re all out Could === I’m sorry, we’ re all out May ==== I’m afraid, we’re all out 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. “ PROFESSOR : …. SUBMIT MY PAPER ON MONDAY ? FRIEND : …. OPEN THE WINDOW ? HOTEL GUEST : …. HELP YOU GET A TAXI ? SALE PERSON : …. SPEAK TO THE MANAGER CHILD: …. CLEAN YOUR ROOM AUDIENCE: …. SWICH OFF YOUR CELL PHONES BROTHER: …. CALL ME LATTER RECEPTIONEST: …. CONNECT ME TO THE SALES MANAGER PLEASE MODALS ( HELPING VERBS) BASIC RULES ( ability – possibility – permission – obligation ) CAN COULD MAY MIGHT SHOULD OUGHT TO MUST HAVE TO CANNOT MAY NOT OUGHT NOT TO DON’T HAVE TO Will SHALL WOULD ……. Not **** Use as is ----- Don’t change ( present – past – future He can swim X = He cans swims No change **** Use base verb after modals Don’t use “to” He might joint us X = he might to joint us You should not smoke here X = you don’t should smoke **** Use “not” after modals, except for have to; use don’t What or Which WHAT WHICH COLOR DO YOU LIKE ? WHAT WHICH DO YOU PREFER : BLUE BIRD OR BLACK BIRD ? ---------- DO YOU WANT TO DO TODAY SOCIAL ---------- MOVIE DO YOU WANT TO SEE; STAR WARS OR AINUN HABIBI ACADENIC ---------- WOULD YOU LIKE TO LEARN ? ---------- CLASS DO YOU PREFER; PASTRY OR CATERING ? --------- ARE OUR OPTIONS ? BUSINESS --------- CONFERENCE ARE YOU ATTENDING ; THE ONE IN BANDUNG OR IN JAKARTA PREPOSITITION PERSON TO = AT = MOVEMENT DIRECTION LOCATION PLACE THING I TALKED TO MY DOUGHTER WE WENT TO GARUT SHE WALKED TO HER CAR Go Run Fly Return Explain Send Read Write speak To To PLACE TIME WE ARRIVE AT THE STATION WAKE ME UP AT 0.3.00 a.m + place thing + person Stay Live Work Eat Shop At + ……… Call Meet Start At + --------- PREPOSITITION OF PLACES : AT – IN ON AT ON IN LARGE : CITY STATE COUNTRY IN BANDUNG WEST JAVA INDONESIA CONTINENT AREA PREPOSITITION OF TIMES : AT – IN - ON AT ON IN LARGE : CENTURIES DECADES YEARS MOTHS WEEKS SEASON PERIOD OF TIME HOLIDAYS PART OF THE DAY PREPOSITITION OF TIME …… THE 1900s …… the 90’s …… 1990 – 2000 …… .March - June …… 5 weeks …… Spring ….. the future …… THE IEDUL FITRI ……. the morning ……. THE WEEK END ...... 10.00 A.M …… MIDNIGHT …… THE MOMENT …… VILA GARUT CAHAYA …… MONDAY …… APRIL 3rd …… MY BIRTHDAY …… MONDAY MORNING …… IEDUL FITRI DAY
