LD^AXDF ^IFODBYLYDF LI^_A[^MXA[M[ OM XYDFJ YFM_ JDZD_ ODXYXD_ X[YO CA_D HDFOYFJ Omsusuf Alib 0 Ldcsem Furul [ukm ?>>74=>4>= ^XAGI[M FIX[ ^XAJXDE [_YOM [DX@DFD CI^IXDZD_DF [ICALDB _MFJJM MLEY CI[IBD_DF OBDXED BY[DOD HDFOYFJ 8>8> CAF[I^ ^IF]DCM_ LI^_A[^MXA[M[ D. Liptaspmrasms 4. ^ifjirtmdf Liptaspmrasms Liptaspmrasms dodldb pifydcmt mfgicsm ydfj odpdt eifyirdfj edfusmd odf hmfdtdfj. ^ifydcmt eifuldr mfm dodldb pifydcmt biwdf ydfj odpdt eif`dfjcmtm edfusmd. _iredsuc pifydcmt zaafasms ydfj pdlmfj sirmfj tir`dom om oufmd. Liptaspmrasms `ujd omcifdl oifjdf fded glaao givir dtdu oiede hdf`mr cdrifd eiedfj eufkul omcdrifdcdf hdf`mr. Omhihirdpd fijdrd liptaspmrasms omcifdl oifjdf fded oiede mktirabiearrbdjmk, oiede luepur, pifydcmt swmfbiro, oiede rdwd, pifydcmt wiml, oiede kdfmkald (^O^IX[M @dcdrtd, 8>>:). Liptaspmrasms dodldb pifydcmt mfgicsm ydfj omsihdhcdf cuedf liptaspmrd pdtajif ([drasa, 8>>;). Liptaspmrasms dodldb sudtu pifydcmt zaafasms ydfj omsihdhcdf alib emcraarjdfmsei hirhiftuc spmrdl odf hirjirdc dctmg ydfj omfdedcdf Liptaspmrd. ^ifydcmt mfm omcifdl oifjdf hirhdjdm fded sipirtm Euo givir, [lmei givir ([bldefgmihir), [wde givir, Dutuefdl givir, Mfgiktmaus `dufomki, Gmilo givir, Kdfi kuttir odf ldmf-ldmf (ZBA, 8>>;). Liptaspmrasms dtdu pifydcmt cufmfj dodldb pifydcmt piftmfj pdod edfusmd, tmcus, df`mfj, hdhm odf sdpm. ^ifydcmt mfm omsihdhcdf alib spmrakbditd liptaspmrd mktirabdiearrbdjmdi ydfj bmoup pdod jmf`dl odf urmfi tmcus ([wdstmca, 8>>=). 8. Itmalajm ^ifydcmt ydfj tirodpdt om sieud fijdrd odf tirhdfydc omtieucdf om fijdrd hirmclme trapms mfm, omsihdhcdf alib Liptaspmrd mftirrajdfsoifjdf hirhdjdm suhjrup ydfj edsmfj-edsmfj tirhdjm ldjm dtds siratmpi hmsd tirodpdt pdod jmf`dl dtdu dmr ciemb hmfdtdfj pmdrddf sipirtm df`mfj, liehu, hdhm, cirhdu odf ldmf-ldmf, edupuf hmfdtdfj lmdr sipirtm tmcus, eusdfj, tupdm odf sihdjdmfyd. Edfusmd hmsd tirmfgicsm `mcd tir`dom caftdc pdod culmt dtdu sildput lifomr ydfj lucd dtdu irasm oifjdf dmr, tdfdb, luepur odf sihdjdmfyd ydfj tildb tir`iedr alib dmr ciemb hmfdtdfj ydfj tirmfgicsm liptaspmrd (Edfs`air, 8>>9). Jdehdr 8.4 Hdctirm liptaspmrd eifjjufdcdf emcrascap ilictraf tmpi skdffmfj [uehir 0bttp0//mo.wmcmpiomd.arj/wmcm/Liptaspmrasms Jifus liptaspmrd tiromrm odrm 8 cilaepac dtdu caeplics, ydfj pdtajif L.mftirrajdfs, odf ydfj faf pdtbajif dtdu sdpragmt L.hmglixs cilaepac pdtajif tirodpdt pdod edfusmd odf biwdf. Cilaepac ydfj pdtajif dtdu L.mftirrajdfs tiromrm odrm suh jrup ydfj edsmfj-edsmfjfyd tirhdjm ldjm dtds hirhdjdm siratypi (siravdr) ydfj `ueldbfyd sdfjdt hdfydc. [ddt mfm tildb omtieucdf 8?> siratmpi ydfj tirjdhufj odlde 8; sirajrup. [uh jrup ydfj odpdt eifjmfgicsm edfusmd om dftdrdfyd dodldb L. mktirabdiearrbdjmdi, L. `dvdfmkd, L. killioafm, L. kdfmkald, L hdllue, L. pyrajifis, L. kyfaptirm, L. dutaefdlms, L. dustrdlms, L. paeafd, L. jrmppatbypbasd, L. bihoaedoms, L. hdtdvmdi, L. tdrdssavm, L. pdfded, L. hugafms, L. dfodedfd, L. sbiredfm, L. rdfdrue, L. kapifbdjifm. Hihirdpd sirapdtm eifyihdhcdf pdfydcmt oifjdf ji`dld ydfj hirdt, hdbcdf odpdt hirdcbmr gdtdl sipirtm L.mktirabdiearrbdjmdi, titdpm dod sirajrup dtdu sirapdtm oifjdf ji`dld ydfj rmfjdf, emsdlfyd mfgicsm L. dutaefdlms, L. hdtdvmdi, L. pyrajifis, odf sihdjdmfyd. Eifurut hihirdpd pifilmtm ydfj tirsirmfj eifjmfgicsm edfusmd dodldb L.mktirabdiearrbdjmdi, oifjdf risirvamr tmcus, L.kdfmkald, oifjdf risirvamrfyd df`mfj odf L. paeafd oifjdf risirvamrfyd sdpm odf hdhm. (Dr`dtea, 4==7). ;. ^dtagmsmalajm Liptaspmrd odpdt edsuc eildlum lucd omculmt dtdu eifiehus `drmfjdf eucasd sipirtm caf`ufjtmvd, fdsagdrmfj odf vdjmfd. [itildb eifiehus culmt dtdu eucasd, arjdfmsei mfm mcut dlmrdf odrdb odf eifyihdrcisilurub tuhub. Liptaspmrd `ujd odpdt eifiehus `drmfjdf sipirtm sirdehm oipdf edtd odf rudfj suhdrdbfamo tdfpd eifmehulcdf ridcsm pirdodfjdf ydfj hirdrtm. Gdctar ydfj hirtdfjjufj `dwdh uftuc vmrulifsm liptaspmrd edsmb hilue omcitdbum. [ihdlmcfyd liptaspmrd ydfj vmrulif odpdt hireutdsm eif`dom tmodc vmrulif. Wmrulifsm tdepdcfyd hirbuhufjdf oifjdf rismstifsm tirbdodp prasis pieusfdbdf omodlde sirue alib fiutragml. Dftmhaom ydfj tir`dom eifmfjcdtcdf clmrifs liptaspmrd odrm odrdb eildlum pifmfjcdtdf apsafmsdsm odf oifjdf oiemcmdf eifjdctmgcdf gdjasmtasms. Hihirdpd pifieudf eifijdscdf hdbwd liptaspmrd ydfj lmsms odpdt eifjiludrcdf ifzme, tacsmf, dtdu eitdhalmt ldmf ydfj odpdt eifmehulcdf ji`dld-ji`dld clmfms. Biealmsms pdod liptaspmrd odpdt tir`dom cdrifd biealmsmf ydfj tirsmrculdsm omsirdp alib irmtrasmt, sibmfjjd irmtrasmt tirsihut lmsms, wdldupuf omodlde odrdb suodb dod dftmhaom. Omdstisms bieardjmc pdod ueuefyd tirhdtds pdod culmt odf eucasd, pdod cidoddf tirtiftu odpdt tir`dom pirodrdbdf jdstramftistmfdl dtdu arjdf vmtdl odf odpdt eifyihdhcdf ciedtmdf. Hihirdpd pifilmtmdf eifkahd eif`ildscdf hdbwd prasis bieardjmctirsihut omsihdhcdf rifodbfyd pratraehmf sirue odf traehasmtapifmd. Fdeuf tirhuctm, wdldupuf dctmvmtds pratraehmf odpdt omcaricsm oifjdf piehirmdf vmtdemf C, hirdtfyd omdstisms bieardjmc tmodc tirpifjdrub. @ujd traehasmtapifmd tmodc sildlu omtieucdf pdod pdsmif oifjdf pirodrdbdf. @dom, omdstisms bieardjmc mfm eirupdcdf riglicsm odrm cirusdcdf ifoatbilmue cdpmlir ydfj eiluds. ^ifyihdh cirusdcdf ifoatil mfm hilue `ilds, tdpm omoujd omsihdhcdf alib tacsmf. Hihirdpd tiarm eif`ildscdf tir`domfyd mctirus pdod liptaspmrasms. _irodpdt huctm ydfj eifuf`uccdf hdbwd biealmsms hucdfldb pifyihdh mctirus, omsdepmfj mtu bieajlahmfurmd odpdt omtieucdf pdod dwdl pir`dldfdf liptaspmrasms, hdbcdf sihilue tir`domfyd mctirus. Fdeuf dcbmr-dcbmr mfm omtieucdf hdbwd dfiemd bdfyd dod pdod pdsmif liptaspmrasms oifjdf mctirus. _depdcfyd biealmsms bdfyd tir`dom pdod cdsus liptaspmrasms hirdt odf eufjcmf odpdt eifmehulcdf mctirus pdod hihirdpd cdsus. ^ifurufdf gufjsm bdtm `ujd sirmfj tir`dom, fdeuf ficrasms sil bdtm `drdfj tir`dom siodfjcdf [JA_ odf [J^_ bdfyd siomcmt eifmfjcdt. Jdfjjudf gufjsm bdtm ydfj pdlmfj eifkalac dodldb mctirus, jdfjjudf gdktar piehicudf, dlhuemf sirue eifuruf, jlahulmf sirue eifmfjcdt. Jdjdl jmf`dl eirupdcdf pifyihdh ciedtmdf ydfj piftmfj pdod liptaspmrasms. ^dod cdsus ydfj eifmfjjdl emfjju pirtded pir`dldfdf pifydcmt, tirlmbdt piehifjcdcdf dtdu ficrasms sil ipmtil tuhulus jmf`dl. ^dod cdsus ydfj eifmfjjdl pdod emfjju ci oud, tirlmbdt hdfydc gakus ficrasms pdod ipmtil tuhulus jmf`dl. [iodfjcdf ydfj eifmfjjdl sitildb bdrm ci oud hilds omtieucdf sil rdodfj ydfj eifjmfgmltrdsm silurub jmf`dl (eiould odf cartics). ^ifurufdf gufjsm jmf`dl omsihdhcdf alib bmpatifsm, bmpavaliemd odf cijdjdldf smrculdsm. Jdfjjudf dlmrdf odrdb ci jmf`dl eifmehulcdf figrapdtm pdod liptaspmrasms. Cdodfj-cdodfj odpdt tir`dom mfsugmsmifsm dorifdl cdrifd pirodrdbdf pdod cilif`dr dorifdl. Jdfjjudf gufjsm `dftufj sipirtm emacdromtms, pirmcdromtms odf drmtemd odpdt eifyihdhcdf bmpapirgusm pdod liptaspmrasms. Jdfjjudf `dftufj mfm tir`dom sicufoir cdrifd bmpatifsm, jdfjjudf ilictralmt, bmpavaliemd dtdu dfiemd. Emdljmd eirupdcdf cilubdf ueue pdod liptaspmrasms, bdl mfm omsihdhcdf alib vdcualmsdsm smtapldsed pdod eyagmhrml. Cidoddf ldmf ydfj odpdt tir`dom dftdrd ldmf pfiueafmd bieardjmc dcut, bieaptmsms, eifmfjmtms, eifmfjaifsigdlmtms, ifsigdlmtms, rdomculmtms, emilmtms odf fiurmtms pirmgir. ^ifmfjcdtdf tmtir dftmhaoy omodlde sirue tmodc omsirtdm pifmfjcdtdf dftmhaoy liptaspmrd (bdepir tmodc dod) om odlde kdmrdf hald edtd, sibmfjjd liptaspmrd edsmb odpdt hirtdbdf bmoup omsirdehm oipdf edtd silded hirhuldf-huldf. Bdl mfm piftmfj odlde tir`domfyd uvimtms ricurifs, crafmc dtdu ldtif pdod cdsus liptaspmrasms. (^airwa, 8>>8). ?. Edfmgistdsm clmfmc Jdehdrdf clmfms liptaspmrasms omhdjm dtds ; gdsi ydmtu 0 gdsi liptaspmriemd, gdsi meuf odf gdsi pifyiehubdf. d. Gdsi Liptaspmriemd Oiede eifododc tmfjjm sdepdm eifjjmjml omsirtdm sdcmt cipdld, fyirm atat, bmpirdistismd pdod culmt, eudl euftdb, omdri, hrdomcdrom rildtmg, mctirus, mf`icsm smlmir edtd. Gdsi mfm hirldfjsufj ?-= bdrm odf hirdcbmr oifjdf eifjbmldfjfyd ji`dld clmfms uftuc sieiftdrd. h. Gdsi Meuf Oifjdf tirhiftucfyd MjE odlde smrculdsm odrdb, sibmfjjd jdehdrdf clmfms hirvdrmdsm odrm oiede tmodc tirldlu tmfjjm, jdfjjudf gufjsm jmf`dl odf bdtm, sirtd jdfjjudf bieastdtms oifjdf edfmgistdsm pirodrdbdf spaftdf. k. Gdsi ^ifyiehubdf Gdsi mfm tir`dom pdod emfjju ci 8 - ? oifjdf pdtajifisms ydfj hilue `ilds. Ji`dld clmfms pdod pifilmtmdf omtieucdf hirupd oiede oifjdf dtdu tdfpd euftdb, fyirm atat, mctirmc, sdcmt cipdld, hdtuc, bipdtaeijdlm, pirodrdbdf odf eifjjmjml sirtd splifaeijdlm. Eifurut hirdt rmfjdffyd, liptaspmrasms omhdjm eif`dom rmfjdf odf hirdt, titdpm uftuc pifoicdtdf omdjfasms clmfms odf pifdfjdfdffyd, pdrd dblm lihmb sifdfj eiehdjm pifydcmt mfm eif`dom liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc (faf mctirmc) odf liptaspmrasms mctirmc. 4) Liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc Afsit liptaspmrasms mfm eifododc odf omtdfodm oifjdf oiede rmfjdf dtdu tmfjjm ydfj ueuefyd hirsmgdt riemtif, fyirm cipdld odf eifjjmjml sirtd emdljmd. Fyirm cipdld hmsd hirdt, emrmp ydfj tir`dom pdod mfgicsm oifjui, omsirtdm fyirm ritra-arhmtdl odf pbatapahmd. Fyirm atat tirutded om odirdb hitms, pufjjufj odf pdbd. Fyirm mfm omoujd dcmhdt cirusdcdf atat sibmfjjd kridtmfmf pbaspbacmfdsi pdod sihdjmdf hisdr cdsus dcdf eifmfjcdt, odf pieirmcsddf kritmfmf pbaspbacmfdsi mfm odpdt uftuc eiehdftu omdjfasms clmfms liptaspmrasms. Dcmhdt fyirm hitms ydfj eifyalac mfm, pdsmif cdodfjcdodfj eifjilub sucdr hir`dldf. Eudl, euftdb odf dfaricsmd omldparcdf alib sihdjmdf hisdr pdsmif. ^ieirmcsddf gmsmc ydfj cbds dodldb kaf`ufktmvdl suggusmaf odf fyirm ticdf om odirdb hitms. Lmepdoifapdtm, splifaeijdlm, bipdtaeijdlm odf rdsb edkupdpuldr hmsd omtieucdf, eiscmpuf `drdfj. Cildmfdf edtd hirupd uvimtms odf mrmoasmclms odpdt om`uepdm pdod pdsmif liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc edupuf mctirmc. Jdehdrdf clmfmc tirpiftmfj liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc dodldb eifmfjmtms dsiptmc ydfj tmodc spismgmc sibmfjjd sirmfj tirliwdtcdf omdjfasmsfyd. Odlde gdsi liptaspmriemd, hdctirm liptaspmrd hmsd omtieucdf om odlde kdmrdf sirihraspmfdl, titdpm odlde emfjju cioud hdctirm mfm eifjbmldfj sitildb eufkulfyd dftmhaom ( gdsi meuf ). ^dsmif oifjdf Liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc pdod ueuefyd tmodc hirahdt cdrifd cilubdffyd hmsd sdfjdt rmfjdf. ^dod sihdjmdf pdsmif, pifydcmt mfm odpdt siehub sifomrm ( silg - lmemtio ) odf hmdsdfyd ji`dld clmfmcfyd dcdf eifjbmldfj odlde wdctu 8-; emfjju. Cdrifd jdehdrdf clmfmcfyd emrmp pifydcmt-pifydcmt oiede dcut ldmf, edcd pdod sitmdp cdsus oifjdf cilubdf oiede, liptaspmrasms dfmctirmcbdrus ompmcmrcdf sihdjdm sdldb sdtu omdjfasms hdfomfjfyd, dpdldjm ydfj om odirdb ifoiemc. Liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc eirupdcdf pifyihdh utded Givir agufcfawf armjmf om hihirdpd fijdrd Dsmd sipirtm _bdmldfo odf Edldysmd. Omdjfasms hdfomfj liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc bdrus eifkdcup pifydcmt-pifydcmt mfgicsm vmrus sipirtm mfgluifzd, BMW sirakaf virsmaf, mfgicsm oifjui, mfgicsm bdftd vmrus, bipdtmtms vmrus, mfgicsm eafafucliasms odf `ujd mfgicsm hdctirmdl dtdu pdrdsmtmc sipirtm oiede tmgamo, hrusilasms, rmcitsmasms odf edldrmd. 8) Liptaspmrasms mctirmc Mctirus ueuefyd omdfjjdp sihdjdm mfomcdtar utded liptaspmrasms hirdt. Jdjdl jmf`dl dcut, mctirus odf edfmgistdsm pirodrdbdf eirupdcdf jdehdrdf clmfmc cbds pifydcmt Ziml. ^dod liptaspmrasms mctirmc, oiede odpdt pirsmstif sibmfjjd gdsi meuf eif`dom tmodc `ilds dtdu fdepdc avirldppmfj oifjdf gdsi liptaspmriemd. Dod tmodcfyd gdsi meuf `ujd ompifjdrubm alib `ifms siravdr odf `ueldb hdctirm liptaspmrd ydfj eifjmfgicsm, stdtus meufalajmc odf futrmsm pifoirmtd sirtd cikipdtdfeiepiralib tirdpm ydfj tipdt. Liptaspmrasms dodldb pifyihdh tirsirmfj jdjdl jmf`dl dcut. ^irhioddf jdehdrdf clmfmc liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc odf mctirmc _dhil 8.4 jdehdrdf clmfmc liptaspmrasms [mforae Gdsi Edfmgistdsm clmfmc [pismeif ldhardtarmue Liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc gdsi liptaspmriemd (;- Oiede tmfjjm, fyirm : bdrm). cipdld, emdljmd, fyirm pirut, eudl, Odrdb, LK[ euftdb, kaf`ufjtmvd suggusmaf. Gdsi meuf (;-;> bdrm). Oiede rmfjdf , Yrmf fyirm cipdld, euftdb. Liptaspmrasms mctirmc gdsi liptaspmriemd odf Oiede tmfjjm, fyirm gdsi meuf (sirmfj cipdld, eif`dom sdtu dtdu mctirmc jdjdl avirldppmfj) tirodpdt bmpatifsm, edfmgistdsm pirmaoi dsmeptaedtmc pirodrdbdf, (4-; bdrm) pfiueafmtms, Odrdb, LK[ emdljmd, emfjju pirtded. jmf`dl, Yrmf emfjju cioud. liucasmtasms. (^airwa, 8>>8) 9. Ipmoiemalajm Liptaspmrasms Liptaspmrasms dodldb pifydcm mfgicsm dcut ydfj odpdt eifyirdfj edfusmd edupuf biwdf odf omjalafjcdf sihdjdm zaafasms. Liptaspmrasms dodldb zaafasms hdctirmdl hirodsdrcdf pifyihdhfyd, hirodsdrcdf kdrd pifuldrdf eirupdcdf omrikt zaafasms cdrifd tmodc eieirlucdf victar, odf odpdt `ujd omjalafjcdf sihdjdm degmcsifasi cdrifd `dlur pifuldrdf odpd odrm biwdf ci edfusmd odf sihdlmcfyd. ^ifuldrdf liptaspmrasms pdod edfusmd omtuldrcdf alib biwdf ydfj tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd. Biwdf pi`deu cuedf liptaspmrd dodldb biwdf pilmbdrddf sipirtm hdhm, liehu, cdehmfj, cukmfj, df`mfj siodfjcdf cilaepac ufjjds sirtd hihirdpd biwdf lmdrsipirtm tmcus, hd`mfj, uldr, odf ldmf-ldmf. ^i`deu risivadr utded dodldb raoif. Cuedf liptaspmrd bmoup omodlde jmf`dl pi`deu risirvadr odf omciludrcdf eildlum urmf sddt hirciemb. Edfusmd eirupdcdf baspis mfsmoiftml sipirtm pdod jdehdr hirmcut 0 Jdehdr 8.8 smclus pifuldrdf liptaspmrasms [uehir 0bttp0//www.jaajli.ka.mo Eifurut [drasa (8>>;) pifuldrdf liptaspmrasms odpdt sikdrd ldfjsufj odf tmodc ldfjsufj ydmtu 0 d. ^ifuldrdf sikdrd ldfjsufj odpdt tir`dom 0 4) Eildlum odrdb, urmf dtdu kdmrdf tuhub ldmf ydfj eifjdfoufj cuedf liptaspmrd edsuc ciodlde tuhub pi`deu. 8) Odrm biwdf ci edfusmd eirupdcdf piydcmt dcmhdt picir`ddf, tir`dom pdod ardfj ydfj eirdwdt biwdf dtdu eifdfjdfm arjdf tuhub biwdf emsdlfyd picir`d patafj biwdf, dtdu sisiardfj ydfj tirtuldr odrm biwdf pilmbdrddf. ;) Odrm edfusmd ci edfusmd eiscmpuf `drdfj, odpdt tir`dom eildlum buhufjdf sicsudl pdod edsd cafvdlisif dtdu odrm mhu pifoirmtd liptaspmrasms ci `dfmf eildlum sdwdr pldsiftd odf dmr susu mhu. h. ^ifuldrdf tmodc ldfjsufj odpdt tir`dom eildlum 0 4) Jifdfjdf dmr. 8) [ufjdm dtdu hdodf dmr. ;) Odfdu. ?) [ilacdf sdlurdf dmr odf luepur ydfj tirkiedr urmf biwdf. 9) @drdc ruedb oifjdf tiepdt pifjuepuldf sdepdb. k. Gdctar rismca Gdctar-gdctar rismca tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd, hmld caftdc ldfjsufj dtdu tirpd`df dmr dtdu rdwd ydfj tircaftdemfdsm ydmtu 0 4) Caftdc oifjdf dmr ydfj tircafdemfdsm cuedf liptaspmrd dtdu urmf tmcus sddt hdf`mr. 8) ^icir`ddf tucdfj pirdbu, rdcmt hdehu, pieulufj. ;) Eifkukm dtdu edfom omsufjdm dtdu odfdu. ?) _ucdfj cihuf dtdu picir`ddf om pircihufdf. 9) ^itdfm tdfpd dlds cdcm om sdwdb. 7) ^iehirsmb silacdf. :) ^icir`d patafj biwdf, ucdfj odjmfj ydfj tirpd`df sddt eieatafj biwdf. 2) ^itirfdc, pieilmbdrddf biwdf odf oartir biwdf ydfj tirpd`df cdrifd eifdfjdfm tirfdc dtdu biwdf, tirutded sddt eieirdb susu, eifyiftub biwdf edtm, eifalafj biwdf eildbmrcdf, dtdu caftdc oifjdf hdbdf ldmf sipirtm pldsiftd, kdmrdf defmaf odf hmld caftdc oifjdf pirkmcdf mfgicsmus sddt biwdf hirciemb. =) ^icir`d tdehdfj. 4>) ^iedfkmfj mcdf, picir`d tdehdc uodfj dtdu mcdf tdwdr. 44) Dfdc-dfdc ydfj hiredmf om tdedf, jifdfjdf dmr bu`df dtdu cuhdfjdf. 48)_iepdt ricridsm om dmr tdwdr 0 hirifdfj, drue `irde odf aldb rdjd dmr ldmf, trmlaehd `udfj (trmdtblaf), eiedsucm jud, eifodcm jufufj. Mfgicsm liptaspmrasms om Mfoafismd ueuefyd oifjdf pirdftdrd tmcus `ifms Xdttus farvijmkus (tmcus silacdf), Xdttus omdromm (tmcus ldodfj), odf Xdttus ixuldfs [ufku eurmfus (kikurt). 7. ^ifkijdbdf Eifurut [drasa (8>>;) pifkijdbdf pifuldrdf cuedf liptaspmrasms odpdt omldcucdf eildlum tmjd `dlur ydfj eilmputm 0 d. @dlur suehir mfgicsm 4) Eildcucdf tmfodcdf msaldsm dtdu eiehufub biwdf ydfj tirmfgicsm. 8) Eiehirmcdf dftmhmatmc pdod biwdf ydfj tirmfgicsm, sipirtm pifmsmlmf, depmsmlmf, dtdu ombyorastriptaeykmf, djdr tmodc eif`dom cdrmir cuedf liptaspmrd. Oasms odf kdrd piehirmdf hirhiod-hiod, tirjdftufj `ifms biwdf ydfj tirmfgicsm. ;) Eifjurdfjm pifjjufddf papuldsm rdkuf tmcus tmcus, oifjdf hihirdpd piedsdfjdf `ihdcdf, kdrd sipirtm pifjjufddf rafoiftmsmod odf priodtar rafoif. ?) Eifmdodcdf dcsis tmcus ci lmfjcufjdf pieucmedf, edcdfdf odf dmr emfue oifjdf eiehdfjuf juodfj pifymepdfdf edcdfdf dtdu bdsml pirtdfmdf, suehir pifdepufjdf dmr, odf pircdrdfjdf ydfj ciodp tmcus, odf oifjdf eiehudfj smsd edcdfdf sirtd sdepdb `dub odrm `dfjcdudf tmcus. 9) Eifkifjdb tmcus odf biwdf lmdr ldmf tmfjjdl om bdhmtdt edfusmd oifjdf eieilmbdrd lmfjcufjdf hirsmb, eiehudfj sdepdb, eiedfjcds rueput odf siedc hirlucdr, eif`djd sdfmtdsm, cbususfyd oifjdf eiehdfjuf sdrdfd piehudfjdf lmehdb odf cdedr edfom ydfj hdmc, odf eifyiomdcdf dmr emfue ydfj hirsmb. d) Eildcucdf vdcsmfdsm biwdf tirfdc odf biwdf pilmbdrddf. h) Eiehudfj catardf biwdf pilmbdrddf. [dodcmemdf rupd sibmffjd tmodc eifmehulcdf caftdemfdsm, emsdlfyd oifjdf piehirmdf oismfgictdf. h. @dlur pifuldrdf ^ifuldrdf odpdt omkijdb oifjdf 0 4) Eiedcdm pilmfoufj cir`d (sipdtu, sdrufj tdfjdf, pilmfoufj edtd, dpraf, edscir). 8) Eifkukm lucd oifjdf kdmrdf dftmsiptmc, odf omtutup oifjdf plistir ciodp dmr. ;) Eifkukm dtdu edfom oifjdf sdhuf dftmsiptmc sitildb tirpd`df pirkmcdf urmf, tdfdb, odf dmr ydfj tircaftdemfdsm. ?) Eifuehubcdf cisdodrd tirbdodp patifsm rismca odf eitaoi uftuc eifkijdb dtdu eifjurdfjm pd`dfdf emsdlfyd oifjdf eiwdspdodm pirkmcdf dtdu dirasal, tmodc eifyiftub hdfjcdm biwdf, `dfmf, pldsiftd, arjdf (jmf`dl, cdfoufj ciemb) oifjdf tdfjdf tildf`dfj, odf `dfjf eifalafj pirsdlmfdf biwdf tdfpd sdrufj tdfjdf. 9) Eifjifdcdf sdrufj tdfjdf sddt eildcucdf tmfodcdf bmjmifmc sddt caftdc oifjdf urmf biwdf, kukm tdfjdf sitildb silisdm odf wdspdod tirbdodp cieufjcmfdf tirmfgicsm sddt eirdwdt biwdf ydfj sdcmt. 7) Eildcucdf oismfgictdf odirdb ydfj tircaftdemfdsm, oifjdf eiehirsmbcdf ldftdm cdfodfj, ruedb patafj biwdf odf ldmfldmf. :) Eilmfoufjm sdfmtdsm dmr emfue pifououc oifjdf pifjaldlddf dmremfue ydfj hdmc, gmltrdsm odf carmfdsm uftuc eifkifjdb mfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd. 2) Eifurufcdf ^B dmr sdwdb eif`dom dsde oifjdf piedcdmdf pupuc ddu hdbdf-hdbdf cmemd sibmfjjd `ueldb odf vmrulifsm cuedf liptaspmrd hircurdfj. =) Eiehirmcdf pirmfjdtdf cipdod edsydrdcdt eifjifdm dmr calde, jifdjdf dmr odf sufjdm ydfj tildb dtdu omoujd tircaftdemfdsm cuedf liptaspmrd.. 4>) Edfd`ieif tirfdc ydfj hdmc. k. @dlur pi`deu edfusmd 4) Eifuehubcdf smcdp wdspdod Ompirlucdf pifoicdtdf piftmfj pdod edsydrdcdt ueue odf cilaepac rismca tmfjjm tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd. Edsydrdcdt pirlu eifjitdbum dspic pifydcmt liptaspmrd, kdrd-kdrd eifjbmfodrm pd`dfdf odf sijird ci sdrdfd cisibdtdf hmld om oujd tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd. 8) Eildcucdf updyd ioucdsm Odlde updyd praeatmg, uftuc eifjbmfodrm liptaspmrasms omldcucdf oifjdf kdrd-kdrd ioucdsm ydfj eilmputm 0 d) Eiehirmcdf siliehdrdf cipdod clmfmc cisibdtdf, oipdrtieif pirtdfmdf, mfstmtusm emlmtir, odf ldmf-ldmf. Om odldefyd omurdmcdf eifjifdm pifydcmt liptaspmrasms, crmtirmd eififjdccdf omdjfasms, tirdpm odf kdrd eifkifjdb pd`dfdf. Omkdtuecdf puld faear tilivaf ydfj odpdt ombuhufjm uftuc mfgaredsm lihmb ldf`ut. h) Eildcucdf pifyihdrdf mfgaredsm. t I %î...¢• =•. %» i• ...•.ï.•.«»'m • -R-;;'Ï-a, . ‘°’ • #..øń.°. i• ä?Æ • %nu°%. i• 'șï'-e;. CAF[I^ D[YBDF CI^IXDZD_DF D. ^IFJCD@MDF 4. Moiftmtds Cidoddf ueue clmif sipirtm ueur odf meufmsdsm., ldcm odf piriepudf tmfjcdt ci`domdffyd sded. 8. Cilubdf utded Oiede ydfj eifododc _mehul ji`dld oiede ydfj omsirtdm sdcmt cipdld, emdljmd odf fyirm ticdf (graftdl) edtd eirdb, gatagahmd, ciludbdf jdstramftistmfdl. Oiede omsirtdm eudl, euftdb, omdri, hdtuc, sdcmt odod, bieaptasms, pifurufdf cisdodrdf odf mf`icsm caf`ufktmvd. Oiede mfm hirldfjsufj 4-; bdrm. ;. Xmwdydt cipirdwdtdf d. Meufmsdsm, rmwdydt meufmsdsm pirlu uftuc pifmfjcdtdf odyd tdbdf tuhub h. Xmwdydt pifydcmt, mfgluifzd, bdpdtmtms, hrusilasms, pfiued dtmpmc, OHO, pifydcmt susufdf sdrdg dcut, givir ag ufcfawf armjmf. k. Xmwdydt picir`ddf clmif dpdcdb tiredsuc cilaepac ardfj rismca tmfjjm sipirtm hipirjmdf om butdf hildftdrd, rdwd, sufjdm dtdu pitdfm. ?. ^ieirmcsddf odf ahsirvdsm d. Gmsmc Cidoddf ueue, pifurufdf cisdodrdf, liedb, dctvmvmtds eifuruf Xivmiw ag smstie 0 4) [mstie pirfdgdsdf Ipmtdcsms, pifueafmtms bieardjmc om pdru, hdtuc, sdcmt odod 8) [mstie kdromavdsculir ^irodrdbdf, dfiemd, oiede, hrdomcdromd. ;) [mstie pirsydrdgdf ^ifurudfdf cisdodrdf, sdcmt cipdld tirutded omhdjmdf graftdl, edtd eirdb, gatagahmd, mf`icsm caf`ufktmvd,mrmoasmclmtms ?) [mstie pirciembdf Almjarmd, dzaeitemd,pirodrdbdf doirfdl 9) [mstie pifkirfddf Bipdtaeijdlm, splifaeijdlm, bieaptasms, eilifdfd 7) [mstie euscalasclitdl Culmt oifjdf rude hirhiftuc edculdr/edculapdpuldr/urtmcdrmd ydfj tirisihdr pdod hdodf. ^ritmhmdl. h. Ldhardtarmue 4) Liucasmtasms faredl, siomcmt eifuruf, 8) Fiurtragmlmd odf ld`u ifodp odrdb (LIO) ydfj eifmfjcdt ;) ^ratimfurmd, liucasmtarmd ?) [iomeif sil tardc 9) HYF, uriue odf cridtmfmf eifmfjcdt 7) [JA_ eifmfjjm titdpm tmodc eilihmbm 9 x faredl :) Hmlmruhmf eifmfjjm sdedpdm ?> % 2) _raehasmtapifmd =) Bmparptraehmfiemd 4>) Liucasmt odlde kdmrdf sirihraspmfdl 4>-4>>/ee; 44) Jlucasd odlde K[[ Faredl dtdu eifuruf H. OMDJFA[D CI^IXDZD_DF 4. Bmpirtiremd hirbuhufjdf oifjdf pifmfjcdtdf eitdhalmsei tuhub, prasis pifydcmt 8. Fyirm dcut hirbuhufjdf oifjdf djif hmalajms (prasis pifydcmt) ;. Citmodcsimehdfjdf futrmsm curdfj odrm cihutubdf tuhub h.o citmodcedepudf uftuc eifjdhsarhsm zdt-zdt hirjmzm cdrifd gdctar hmlajms, prasis pifydcmt. ?. Oigmsmt valuei kdmrdf h.o cicurdfjdf kdmrdf odf ilictralmt dctmg 9. Kieds/ tdcut hirbuhufjdf oifjdf piruhdbdf cisibdtdf (pifydcmt liptaspmrasms) 7. Curdfj pifjitdbudf tiftdfj pifydcmt, prajfasms odf pifjahdtdf hirbuhufjdf oifjdf curdfjfyd mfgaredsm, emsmftirpritdsm, citirhdtdsdf cajfmtmg :. Xismca cirusdcdf mftijrmtds culmt hirbuhufjdf oifjdf igic cir`d pifydcmt, oigmkmt meufalajmc, pifurufdf mftdci futrmsm odf dfiemd. F a 4 Omdjfasd Cipirdwdtdf XIFKDFD CI^IXDZD_DF _u`udf odf Krmtirmd Bdsml (FAK) Mftirvifsm (FMK) Bmpirtiremd hirbuhufjdf oifjdf pifmfjcdtdf eitdhalmsei FAK 0 _birearijuldtmaf Crmtirmd Bdsml 0 [ubu tuhub odlde riftdfj faredl Fdom odf XX odlde riftdfj FMK 0 Givir tridteift Eafmtar subu sisirmfj eufjcmf Eafmtar MZL tuhub, prasis pifydcmt faredl _modc dod piruhdbdf wdrfd Eafmtar wdrfd odf subu culmt culmt odf tmodc dod pusmfj, eirdsd fydedf Eafmtar ticdfdf odrdb, fdom odf XX Eafmtar pifurufdf tmfjcdt cisdodrdf Eafmtar ZHK, Bh, odf Bkt Eafmtar mftdci odf autput Hirmcdf dftm pmritmc Hirmcdf pifjahdtdf uftuc eifjdtdsm pifyihdh oiede [ilmeutm pdsmif Ldcucdf tdpmo spafji Hirmcdf kdmrdf mftrdvifd Caepris pdsmif pdod lmpdt pdbd odf dcsmld _mfjcdtcdf smrculdsm uodrd Hirmcdf pifjahdtdf uftuc eifkijdb tir`domfyd eifjjmjml _iepirdturi rijuldtmaf Eafmtar subu emfmedl tmdp 8 `de Xifkdfdcdf eafmtarmfj subu sikdrd caftmfyu Eafmtar _O, fdom, odf XX Eafmtar wdrfd odf subu culmt Eafmtar tdfod-tdfod bmpirtirem odf bmpatirem _mfjcdtcdf mftdci kdmrdf odf futrmsm [ilmeutm pdsmif uftuc eifkijdb bmldfjfyd cibdfjdtdf tuhub D`drcdf pdod pdsmif kdrd eifkijdb cilitmbdf dcmhdt pdfds Omscusmcdf tiftdfj piftmfjfyd pifjdturdf subu odf cieufjcmfdf igic fijdtmg odrm ciomfjmfdf Hirmtdbucdf tiftdfj mfomcdsm tir`domfyd cilitmbdf odf pifdfjdfdf ieirjifky ydfj ompirlucdf D`drcdf mfomcdsm odrm 8 Fyirm dcut hirbuhufjdf oifjdf djif hmalajms (prasis pifydcmt) FAK 0 ^dmf Livil, ^dmf kaftral, Kaegart livil Crmtirmd Bdsml 0 Edepu eifjaftral fyirm (tdbu pifyihdh fyirm, edepu eifjjufdcdf tibfmc fafgdredcalajm uftuc eifjurdfjm fyirm, eifkdrm hdftudf) Eildparcdf hdbwd fyirm hircurdfj oifjdf eifjjufdcdf edfd`ieif fyirm Edepu eifjifdlm fyirm (scdld, mftifsmtds, gricuifsm odf tdfod fyirm) Eifydtdcdf rdsd fydedf sitildb fyirm hircurdfj _dfod vmtdl odlde riftdfj faredl bmpatirem odf pifdfjdfdf ydfj ompirlucdf Hirmcdf dftm pmritmc `mcd pirlu FMK 0 ^dmf Edfdjieift Ldcucdf pifjcd`mdf fyirm sikdrd caepribifsmg tiredsuc lacdsm, cdrdctirmstmc, ourdsm, gricuifsm, cudlmtds odf gdctar prismpmtdsm Ahsirvdsm ridcsm fafvirhdl odrm citmodcfydedfdf Jufdcdf ticfmc caeufmcdsm tirdpiutmc uftuc eifjitdbum pifjdldedf fyirm pdsmif Cd`m cultur ydfj eiepifjdrubm rispaf fyirm Ivdludsm pifjdldedf fyirm edsd ldepdu Ivdludsm hirsded pdsmif odf tme cisibdtdf ldmf tiftdfj citmodcigictmgdf caftral fyirm edsd ldepdu Hdftu pdsmif odf ciludrjd uftuc eifkdrm odf eifieucdf oucufjdf Caftral lmfjcufjdf ydfj odpdt eiepifjdrubm fyirm sipirtm subu rudfjdf, pifkdbdyddf odf cihmsmfjdf Curdfjm gdctar prismpmtdsm fyirm ^mlmb odf ldcucdf pifdfjdfdf fyirm (gdredcalajm, faf gdredcalajm odf mftir pirsafdl) Cd`m tmpi odf suehir fyirm uftuc eififtucdf mftirvifsm D`drcdf tiftdfj ticfmc faf gdredcalajm Hirmcdf dfdljitmc uftuc eifjurdfjm fyirm Ivdludsm ciigictmgdf caftral fyirm _mfjcdtcdf mstmrdbdt Caldhardsmcdf oifjdf oactir `mcd dod cilubdf odf tmfodcdf fyirm tmodc hirbdsml Eafmtar pifirmeddf pdsmif ; Citmodcsimehdfj df futrmsm curdfj odrm cihutubdf FAK 0 Futrmtmafdl [tdtus 0 gaao dfo Glumo Mftdci tiftdfj edfd`ieif fyirm Dfdljismk Doemfmstrdtmaf _iftucdf lacdsm, cdrdctirmstmc, cudlmtds, odf oird`dt fyirm sihilue piehirmdf ahdt Kic mfstrucsm oactir tiftdfj `ifms ahdt, oasms, odf gricuifsm Kic rmwdydt dlirjm ^mlmb dfdljismc ydfj ompirlucdf dtdu caehmfdsm odrm dfdljismc citmcd piehirmdf lihmb odrm sdtu _iftucdf pmlmbdf dfdljismc tirjdftufj tmpi odf hirdtfyd fyirm _iftucdf dfdljismc pmlmbdf, ruti piehirmdf, odf oasms aptmedl ^mlmb ruti piehirmdf sikdrd MW, ME uftuc pifjahdtdf fyirm sikdrd tirdtur Eafmtar vmtdl smjf sihilue odf sisuodb piehirmdf dfdljismc pirtded cdlm Hirmcdf dfdljismc tipdt wdctu tirutded sddt fyirm bihdt Ivdludsm igictmvmtds dfdljismc, tdfod odf ji`dld (igic sdepmfj) FMK 0 Futrmtmaf Edfdjieift Cd`m dodfyd dlirjm tuhub h.o citmodcedepudf Futrmtmafdl [tdtus 0 futrmift Mftdci edcdfdf Caldhardsm oifjdf dblm jmzm uftuc eifjdhsarhsm zdt-zdt hirjmzm cdrifd gdctar hmlajms, prasis pifydcmt. Zimjbt kaftral Crmtirmd Bdsml 0 Dodfyd pifmfjcdtdf hirdt hdodf sisudm oifjdf tu`udf Hirdt hdodf moidl sisudm oifjdf tmfjjm hdodf Edepueifjmoiftmgmcdsm cihutubdf futrmsm _modc dod tdfod tdfod uftuc eififtucdf `ueldb cdlarm odf futrmsm ydfj omhutubcdf pdsmif. Df`urcdf pdsmif uftuc eifmfjcdtcdf mftdci Gi Df`urcdf pdsmif uftuc eifmfjcdtcdf pratimf odf vmtdemf K Hirmcdf suhstdfsm juld edlfutrmsm Eifuf`uccdf pifmfjcdtdf gufjsm pifjikdpdf odrm eifildf _modc tir`dom pifurufdf hirdt hdodf ydfj hirdrtm ]dcmfcdf omit ydfj omedcdf eifjdfoufj tmfjjm sirdt uftuc eifkijdb cafstmpdsm Hirmcdf edcdfdf ydfj tirpmlmb ( suodb omcafsultdsmcdf oifjdf dblm jmzm) D`drcdf pdsmif hdjdmedfd eiehudt kdtdtdf edcdfdf bdrmdf. Eafmtar `ueldb futrmsm odf cdfoufjdf cdlarm Hirmcdf mfgaredsm tiftdfj cihutubdf futrmsm Cd`m ciedepudf pdsmif uftuc eifodpdtcdf futrmsm ydfj omhutubcdf Futrmtmaf Eafmtarmfj HH pdsmif odlde hdtds faredl Eafmtar dodfyd pifurufdf hirdt hdodf Eafmtar tmpi odf `ueldb dctmvmtds ydfj hmdsd omldcucdf Eafmtar mftirdcsm dfdc dtdu ardfjtud silded edcdf Eafmtar lmfjcufjdf silded edcdf @dowdlcdf pifjahdtdf odf tmfodcdf tmodc silded `de edcdf Eafmtar culmt cirmfj odf piruhdbdf pmjeiftdsm Eafmtar turjar culmt Eafmtar cicirmfjdf, rdehut cusde, odf euodb pdtdb Eafmtar eudl odf euftdb Eafmtar cdodr dlhuemf, tatdl pratimf, Bh, odf cdodr Bt Eafmtar edcdfdf cisucddf Eafmtar pirtuehubdf odf pirciehdfjdf ? Oigmsmt valuei kdmrdf h.o cicurdfjdf kdmrdf odf ilictralmt dctmg FAK0 Glumo hdldfki Byordtmaf Futrmtmafdl [tdtus 0 Gaao dfo Glumo Mftdci Crmtirmd Bdsml 0 Eiepirtdbdfcdf urmfi autput sisudm oifjdf usmd odf HH, H@ urmfi faredl, B_ faredl _icdfdf odrdb, fdom, subu tuhub odlde hdtds faredl _modc dod tdfod tdfod oibmordsm, Ildstmsmtds turjar culmt hdmc, eiehrdf eucasd liehdh, tmodc dod rdsd bdus ydfj hirlihmbdf Eafmtar pukdt, cieirdbdf, odf cicirmfjdf `drmfjdf caf`ufjtmvd Eafmtar cdlarm odf mftdci fuftrmsm Kdtdt dodfyd ioied, bmpiriemc, bmpirtafmc pdpmld lmodb odf kdvmtds ardl. Kdtdt `mcd lmodb hirwdrfd edjiftd, skdrlit FMK 0 Glumo edfdjieift _mehdfj papac/piehdlut `mcd ompirlucdf ^irtdbdfcdf kdtdtdf mftdci odf autput ydfj dcurdt Eafmtar stdtus bmordsm ( ciliehdhdf eiehrdf eucasd, fdom doicudt, ticdfdf odrdb artastdtmc ), `mcd ompirlucdf Eafmtar vmtdl smjf Eafmtar edsucdf edcdfdf / kdmrdf odf bmtufj mftdci cdlarm bdrmdf Caldhardsmcdf piehirmdf kdmrdf MW Eafmtar stdtus futrmsm Hirmcdf kdmrdf MW pdod subu rudfjdf Oarafj edsucdf ardl Hirmcdf pifjjdftmdf fisajdtrmc sisudm autput Oarafj ciludrjd uftuc eiehdftu pdsmif edcdf _dwdrcdf sfdkc ( `us hudb, hudb sijdr ) Caldhardsm oactir `mcd tdfod kdmrdf hirlihmb eufkul eihuruc Dtur cieufjcmfdf trdfgusm 9 Kieds/ tdcut hirbuhufjdf oifjdf piruhdbdf cisibdtdf (pifydcmt liptaspmrasmsm) FAK 0 Dfxmity kaftral Kapmfj Mepulsi kaftral Crmtirmd Bdsml 0 Clmif edepu eifjmoiftmgmcdsm odf eifjufjcdpcdf ji`dld kieds Eifjmoiftmgmcdsm, eifjufjcdpcdf odf eifuf`uccdf tibfmc uftuc eifjaftal kieds Wmtdl smjf odlde hdtds faredl ^astur tuhub, icsprism wd`db, hdbdsd tuhub odf tmfjcdt dctmvmtds eifuf`uccdf hircurdfjfyd cikiedsdf ^irsmdpdf uftuc trdfgusm FMK 0 Dfxmity Xiouktmaf (pifurufdf cikiedsdf) Jufdcdf pifoicdtdf ydfj eififdfjcdf Fydtdcdf oifjdf `ilds bdrdpdf tirbdodp pildcu pdsmif @ildscdf sieud prasiourodf dpd ydfj omrdsdcdf silded prasiour ^dbdem prispictmg pdsmif tirbodp smtudsm stris _iedfm pdsmif uftuc eiehirmcdf cidedfdf odf eifjurdfjm tdcut Hirmcdf mfgaredsm gdctudl eifjifdm omdjfasms, tmfodcdf prajfasms Oarafj ciludrjd uftuc eifiedfm dfdc Ldcucdf hdkc / fikc ruh Oifjdrcdf oifjdf pifub pirbdtmdf Moiftmgmcdsm tmfjcdt cikiedsdf Hdftu pdsmif eifjifdl smtudsm ydfj eifmehulcdf cikiedsdf Oarafj pdsmif uftuc eifjufjcdpcdf pirdsddf, citdcutdf, pirsipsm Mfstrucsmcdf pdsmif eifjjufdcdf ticfmc rildcsdsm Hdrmcdf ahdt uftuc eifjurdfjm cikiedsdf 7 Curdfj pifjitdbudf tiftdfj pifydcmt, prajfasms odf pifjahdtdf hirbuhufjdf oifjdf curdfjfyd mfgaredsm, FAK 0 Cawlwoji 0 omsidsi prakiss Cawlioji 0 bidltb Hibdvmar Crmtirmd Bdsml 0 ^dsmif odf ciludrjd eifydtdcdf piedbdedf tiftdfj pifydcmt, cafomsm, prajfasms odf prajrde FMK 0 _idkbmfj 0 omsidsi ^rakiss 4. Hirmcdf pifmldmdf tiftdfj tmfjcdt pifjitdbudf pdsmif tiftdfj prasis pifydcmt ydfj spismgmc 8. @ildscdf pdtagmsmalajm odrm pifydcmt odf hdjdmedfd bdl mfm hirbuhufjdf oifjdf emsmftirpritdsm, citirhdtdsdf cajfmtmg pifjahdtdf ^dsmif odf ciludrjd edepu eildcsdfdcdf prasiour ydfj om`ildscdf sikdrd hifdr ^dsmif odf ciludrjd edepu eif`ildscdf ciehdlm dpd ydfj om`ildscdf pirdwdt/tme cisibdtdf ldmffyd. dfdtaem odf gmsmalajm, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt. ;. Jdehdrcdf tdfod odf ji`dld ydfj hmdsd eufkul pdod pifydcmt, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt ?. Jdehdrcdf prasis pifydcmt, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt 9. Moiftmgmcdsm cieufjcmfdf pifyihdh, oifjfd kdrd ydfj tipdt 7. [iomdcdf mfgaredsm pdod pdsmif tiftdfj cafomsm, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt :. Bmfodrm bdrdpdf ydfj casafj 2. [iomdcdf hdjm ciludrjd dtdu [A mfgaredsm tiftdfj cied`udf pdsmif oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt =. Omscusmcdf piruhdbdf jdyd bmoup ydfj eufjcmf o irpllumcdf ucdse cmape sm uofmte d iyfdkfijjdb dcdf odtdfj odf dtdu prasis pifjaftraldf pifydcmt 4>. Omscusmcdf pmlmbdf tirdpm dtdu pifdfjdfdf 44. Oucufj pdsmif uftuc eifjicsplardsm dtdu eifodpdtcdf sikafo apmfmaf oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt dtdu ommfomcdsmcdf 48. Icsplardsm cieufjcmfdf suehir dtdu oucufjdf, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt 4;. Xu`uc pdsmif pdod jrup dtdu djifsm om caeufmtds lacdl, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt 4?. Mfstrucsmcdf pdsmif eifjifdm tdfod odf ji`dld uftuc eildparcdf pdod piehirm pirdwdtdf cisibdtdf, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt : Xismca cirusdcdf mftijrmtds culmt hirbuhufjdf oifjdf igic cir`d pifydcmt, oigmkmt meufalajmc, pifurufdf mftdci futrmsm odf dfiemd. FAK 0 _mssui Mftijrmty 0 [cmf dfo Eukaus Eiehrdfis Crmtirmd Bdsml 0 Mftijrmtds culmt ydfj hdmc hmsd ompirtdbdfcdf (sifsdsm, ildstmsmtds, tiepirdtur, bmordsm, pmjeiftdsm) _modc dod lucd/lism pdod culmt ^irgusm `drmfjdf hdmc Eifuf`uccdf piedbdedf odlde prasis pirhdmcdf culmt odf eifkijdb tir`domfyd sioird hiruldfj Edepu eilmfoufjm culmt odf eiepirtdbdfcdf ciliehdhdf culmt odf pirdwdtdf dldem FMK 0 ^rissuri Edfdjieift Df`urcdf pdsmif uftuc eifjjufdcdf pdcdmdf ydfj lafjjdr Bmfodrm cirutdf pdodd tiepdt tmour @djd cihirsmbdf culmt djdr titdp hirsmb odf cirmfj Eahmlmsdsm pdsmif (uhdb pasmsm pdsmif) sitmdp oud `de sicdlm Eafmtar culmt dcdf dodfyd cieirdbdf Aliscdf latmaf dtdu emfydc/hdhy aml pdod oirdb ydfj tirticdf Eafmtar dctmvmtds odf eahmlmsdsm pdsmif Eafmtar stdtus futrmsm pdsmif Eiedfomcdf pdsmif oifjdf sdhuf odf dmr bdfjdt ODG_DX ^Y[_DCD Kdrpifmta, L.@. 8>>;. Xifkdfd Dsubdf & Oacueiftdsm Cipirdwdtdf. @dcdrtd0 IJK @abfsaf, E., it dll. 8>>>. Fursmfj Autkaeis Kldssmgmkdtmaf (FAK) [ikafo Iomtmaf. Fiw @irsiy0 Yppir [dooli Xmvir @uodrwdfta, Z. 8>>=. Kiremf Oufmd Cioactirdf3 Liptaspmrasms pdod Edfusmd. @dcdrtd0 Dllirjy Hibdvmaur Klmfmk, ^mkcy Idtirs Klmfmk Xuedb [dcmt Hufod Edfs`air, D occ. 8>>:. Cdpmtd [ilictd Cioactirdf, @mlmo Cioud. @dcdrtd0 Eiomd Diskuldpmus GCYM Ek Klasciy, K.@., it dll. 4==7. Fursmfj Mftirviftmafs Kldssmgmkdtmaf (FMK) [ikafo Iomtmaf. Fiw @irsiy0 Yppir [dooli Xmvir F[Z Eultmkulturdl Bidltb Kaeeufmkdtmaf [irvmki. 8>>;. Liptaspmrasms. odlde bttp0//ebks.bidltb.fsw.jav.du (Omdcsis 8> Gihrudrm 8>48) Omeudt [dftasd, Huom. 8>>:. ^dfoudf Omdjfasd Cipirdwdtdf FDFOD 8>>9-8>>7. @dcdrtd0 ^rmed Eiomcd