pdf-leptospirosis

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D. Liptaspmrasms
4. ^ifjirtmdf Liptaspmrasms
Liptaspmrasms dodldb pifydcmt mfgicsm ydfj odpdt eifyirdfj edfusmd odf
hmfdtdfj. ^ifydcmt eifuldr mfm dodldb pifydcmt biwdf ydfj odpdt
eif`dfjcmtm edfusmd. _iredsuc pifydcmt zaafasms ydfj pdlmfj sirmfj
tir`dom om oufmd. Liptaspmrasms `ujd omcifdl oifjdf fded glaao givir dtdu
oiede hdf`mr cdrifd eiedfj eufkul omcdrifdcdf hdf`mr.
Omhihirdpd
fijdrd
liptaspmrasms
omcifdl
oifjdf
fded
oiede
mktirabiearrbdjmk, oiede luepur, pifydcmt swmfbiro, oiede rdwd,
pifydcmt wiml, oiede kdfmkald (^O^IX[M @dcdrtd, 8>>:). Liptaspmrasms
dodldb pifydcmt mfgicsm ydfj omsihdhcdf cuedf liptaspmrd pdtajif
([drasa, 8>>;).
Liptaspmrasms dodldb sudtu pifydcmt zaafasms ydfj omsihdhcdf alib
emcraarjdfmsei hirhiftuc spmrdl odf hirjirdc dctmg ydfj omfdedcdf
Liptaspmrd. ^ifydcmt mfm omcifdl oifjdf hirhdjdm fded sipirtm Euo givir,
[lmei givir ([bldefgmihir), [wde givir, Dutuefdl givir, Mfgiktmaus
`dufomki, Gmilo givir, Kdfi kuttir odf ldmf-ldmf (ZBA, 8>>;).
Liptaspmrasms dtdu pifydcmt cufmfj dodldb pifydcmt piftmfj pdod
edfusmd, tmcus, df`mfj, hdhm odf sdpm. ^ifydcmt mfm omsihdhcdf alib
spmrakbditd liptaspmrd mktirabdiearrbdjmdi ydfj bmoup pdod jmf`dl odf
urmfi tmcus ([wdstmca, 8>>=).
8. Itmalajm
^ifydcmt ydfj tirodpdt om sieud fijdrd odf tirhdfydc omtieucdf om
fijdrd hirmclme trapms mfm, omsihdhcdf alib Liptaspmrd mftirrajdfsoifjdf
hirhdjdm suhjrup ydfj edsmfj-edsmfj tirhdjm ldjm dtds siratmpi hmsd
tirodpdt pdod jmf`dl dtdu dmr ciemb hmfdtdfj pmdrddf sipirtm df`mfj,
liehu, hdhm, cirhdu odf ldmf-ldmf, edupuf hmfdtdfj lmdr sipirtm tmcus,
eusdfj, tupdm odf sihdjdmfyd. Edfusmd hmsd tirmfgicsm `mcd tir`dom caftdc
pdod culmt dtdu sildput lifomr ydfj lucd dtdu irasm oifjdf dmr, tdfdb,
luepur odf sihdjdmfyd ydfj tildb tir`iedr alib dmr ciemb hmfdtdfj ydfj
tirmfgicsm liptaspmrd (Edfs`air, 8>>9).
Jdehdr 8.4 Hdctirm liptaspmrd eifjjufdcdf emcrascap ilictraf tmpi
skdffmfj
[uehir 0bttp0//mo.wmcmpiomd.arj/wmcm/Liptaspmrasms
Jifus liptaspmrd tiromrm odrm 8 cilaepac dtdu caeplics, ydfj pdtajif
L.mftirrajdfs, odf ydfj faf pdtbajif dtdu sdpragmt L.hmglixs cilaepac
pdtajif tirodpdt pdod edfusmd odf biwdf. Cilaepac ydfj pdtajif dtdu
L.mftirrajdfs tiromrm odrm suh jrup ydfj edsmfj-edsmfjfyd tirhdjm ldjm
dtds hirhdjdm siratypi (siravdr) ydfj `ueldbfyd sdfjdt hdfydc. [ddt mfm
tildb omtieucdf 8?> siratmpi ydfj tirjdhufj odlde 8; sirajrup. [uh
jrup
ydfj odpdt eifjmfgicsm edfusmd om
dftdrdfyd
dodldb L.
mktirabdiearrbdjmdi, L. `dvdfmkd, L. killioafm, L. kdfmkald, L hdllue, L.
pyrajifis, L. kyfaptirm, L. dutaefdlms, L. dustrdlms, L. paeafd, L.
jrmppatbypbasd, L. bihoaedoms, L. hdtdvmdi, L. tdrdssavm, L. pdfded, L.
hugafms, L. dfodedfd, L. sbiredfm, L. rdfdrue, L. kapifbdjifm.
Hihirdpd sirapdtm eifyihdhcdf pdfydcmt oifjdf ji`dld ydfj hirdt,
hdbcdf odpdt hirdcbmr gdtdl sipirtm L.mktirabdiearrbdjmdi, titdpm dod
sirajrup dtdu sirapdtm oifjdf ji`dld ydfj rmfjdf, emsdlfyd mfgicsm L.
dutaefdlms, L. hdtdvmdi, L. pyrajifis, odf sihdjdmfyd.
Eifurut hihirdpd pifilmtm ydfj tirsirmfj eifjmfgicsm edfusmd dodldb
L.mktirabdiearrbdjmdi,
oifjdf risirvamr tmcus, L.kdfmkald, oifjdf
risirvamrfyd df`mfj odf L. paeafd oifjdf risirvamrfyd sdpm odf hdhm.
(Dr`dtea, 4==7).
;. ^dtagmsmalajm
Liptaspmrd odpdt edsuc eildlum lucd omculmt dtdu eifiehus `drmfjdf
eucasd sipirtm caf`ufjtmvd, fdsagdrmfj odf vdjmfd. [itildb eifiehus
culmt dtdu eucasd, arjdfmsei mfm mcut dlmrdf odrdb odf eifyihdrcisilurub
tuhub.
Liptaspmrd
`ujd
odpdt
eifiehus
`drmfjdf
sipirtm
sirdehm oipdf edtd odf rudfj suhdrdbfamo tdfpd eifmehulcdf ridcsm
pirdodfjdf ydfj hirdrtm. Gdctar ydfj hirtdfjjufj `dwdh uftuc vmrulifsm
liptaspmrd edsmb hilue omcitdbum. [ihdlmcfyd liptaspmrd ydfj vmrulif
odpdt hireutdsm eif`dom tmodc vmrulif. Wmrulifsm tdepdcfyd hirbuhufjdf
oifjdf rismstifsm tirbdodp prasis pieusfdbdf omodlde sirue alib
fiutragml. Dftmhaom ydfj tir`dom eifmfjcdtcdf clmrifs liptaspmrd odrm
odrdb eildlum pifmfjcdtdf apsafmsdsm odf oifjdf oiemcmdf eifjdctmgcdf
gdjasmtasms.
Hihirdpd pifieudf eifijdscdf hdbwd liptaspmrd ydfj lmsms odpdt
eifjiludrcdf
ifzme,
tacsmf,
dtdu
eitdhalmt
ldmf
ydfj
odpdt
eifmehulcdf ji`dld-ji`dld clmfms. Biealmsms pdod liptaspmrd odpdt tir`dom
cdrifd biealmsmf ydfj tirsmrculdsm omsirdp alib irmtrasmt, sibmfjjd
irmtrasmt tirsihut lmsms, wdldupuf omodlde odrdb suodb dod dftmhaom.
Omdstisms bieardjmc pdod ueuefyd tirhdtds pdod culmt odf eucasd,
pdod cidoddf tirtiftu odpdt tir`dom pirodrdbdf jdstramftistmfdl dtdu arjdf
vmtdl odf odpdt eifyihdhcdf ciedtmdf.
Hihirdpd pifilmtmdf eifkahd eif`ildscdf hdbwd prasis bieardjmctirsihut
omsihdhcdf rifodbfyd pratraehmf sirue odf traehasmtapifmd.
Fdeuf tirhuctm, wdldupuf dctmvmtds pratraehmf odpdt omcaricsm oifjdf
piehirmdf vmtdemf C, hirdtfyd omdstisms bieardjmc tmodc tirpifjdrub.
@ujd traehasmtapifmd tmodc sildlu omtieucdf pdod pdsmif oifjdf
pirodrdbdf. @dom, omdstisms bieardjmc mfm eirupdcdf riglicsm odrm
cirusdcdf ifoatbilmue cdpmlir ydfj eiluds. ^ifyihdh cirusdcdf ifoatil
mfm hilue `ilds, tdpm omoujd omsihdhcdf alib tacsmf.
Hihirdpd tiarm eif`ildscdf tir`domfyd mctirus pdod liptaspmrasms.
_irodpdt huctm ydfj eifuf`uccdf hdbwd biealmsms hucdfldb pifyihdh
mctirus, omsdepmfj mtu bieajlahmfurmd odpdt omtieucdf pdod dwdl
pir`dldfdf liptaspmrasms, hdbcdf sihilue tir`domfyd mctirus. Fdeuf
dcbmr-dcbmr mfm omtieucdf hdbwd dfiemd bdfyd dod pdod pdsmif
liptaspmrasms oifjdf mctirus. _depdcfyd biealmsms bdfyd tir`dom pdod
cdsus liptaspmrasms hirdt odf eufjcmf odpdt eifmehulcdf mctirus pdod
hihirdpd cdsus. ^ifurufdf gufjsm bdtm `ujd sirmfj tir`dom, fdeuf
ficrasms sil bdtm `drdfj tir`dom siodfjcdf [JA_ odf [J^_ bdfyd siomcmt
eifmfjcdt.
Jdfjjudf gufjsm bdtm ydfj pdlmfj eifkalac dodldb mctirus, jdfjjudf
gdktar piehicudf, dlhuemf sirue eifuruf, jlahulmf sirue eifmfjcdt.
Jdjdl
jmf`dl eirupdcdf
pifyihdh ciedtmdf ydfj piftmfj
pdod
liptaspmrasms. ^dod cdsus ydfj eifmfjjdl emfjju pirtded pir`dldfdf
pifydcmt, tirlmbdt piehifjcdcdf dtdu ficrasms sil ipmtil tuhulus jmf`dl.
^dod cdsus ydfj eifmfjjdl pdod emfjju ci oud, tirlmbdt hdfydc gakus
ficrasms pdod ipmtil tuhulus jmf`dl. [iodfjcdf ydfj eifmfjjdl sitildb
bdrm ci oud hilds omtieucdf sil rdodfj ydfj eifjmfgmltrdsm silurub jmf`dl
(eiould odf cartics). ^ifurufdf gufjsm jmf`dl omsihdhcdf alib bmpatifsm,
bmpavaliemd odf cijdjdldf smrculdsm. Jdfjjudf dlmrdf odrdb ci jmf`dl
eifmehulcdf figrapdtm pdod liptaspmrasms. Cdodfj-cdodfj odpdt tir`dom
mfsugmsmifsm dorifdl cdrifd pirodrdbdf pdod cilif`dr dorifdl.
Jdfjjudf gufjsm `dftufj sipirtm emacdromtms, pirmcdromtms odf drmtemd
odpdt eifyihdhcdf bmpapirgusm pdod liptaspmrasms. Jdfjjudf `dftufj mfm
tir`dom sicufoir cdrifd bmpatifsm, jdfjjudf ilictralmt, bmpavaliemd dtdu
dfiemd. Emdljmd eirupdcdf cilubdf ueue pdod liptaspmrasms, bdl mfm
omsihdhcdf alib vdcualmsdsm smtapldsed pdod eyagmhrml. Cidoddf ldmf
ydfj odpdt tir`dom dftdrd ldmf pfiueafmd bieardjmc dcut, bieaptmsms,
eifmfjmtms,
eifmfjaifsigdlmtms, ifsigdlmtms,
rdomculmtms, emilmtms odf
fiurmtms pirmgir. ^ifmfjcdtdf tmtir dftmhaoy omodlde sirue tmodc omsirtdm
pifmfjcdtdf dftmhaoy liptaspmrd (bdepir tmodc dod) om odlde kdmrdf hald
edtd, sibmfjjd liptaspmrd edsmb odpdt hirtdbdf bmoup omsirdehm oipdf
edtd silded hirhuldf-huldf. Bdl mfm piftmfj odlde tir`domfyd uvimtms
ricurifs, crafmc dtdu ldtif pdod cdsus liptaspmrasms.
(^airwa, 8>>8).
?. Edfmgistdsm clmfmc
Jdehdrdf
clmfms
liptaspmrasms
omhdjm
dtds ;
gdsi ydmtu 0
gdsi
liptaspmriemd, gdsi meuf odf gdsi pifyiehubdf.
d. Gdsi Liptaspmriemd
Oiede eifododc tmfjjm sdepdm eifjjmjml omsirtdm sdcmt cipdld,
fyirm atat, bmpirdistismd pdod culmt, eudl euftdb, omdri, hrdomcdrom
rildtmg, mctirus, mf`icsm smlmir edtd. Gdsi mfm hirldfjsufj ?-= bdrm odf
hirdcbmr oifjdf eifjbmldfjfyd ji`dld clmfms uftuc sieiftdrd.
h. Gdsi Meuf
Oifjdf tirhiftucfyd MjE odlde smrculdsm odrdb, sibmfjjd jdehdrdf
clmfms hirvdrmdsm odrm oiede tmodc tirldlu tmfjjm, jdfjjudf gufjsm
jmf`dl odf bdtm, sirtd jdfjjudf bieastdtms oifjdf edfmgistdsm
pirodrdbdf spaftdf.
k. Gdsi ^ifyiehubdf
Gdsi mfm tir`dom pdod emfjju ci 8 - ? oifjdf pdtajifisms ydfj hilue
`ilds. Ji`dld clmfms pdod pifilmtmdf omtieucdf hirupd oiede oifjdf
dtdu tdfpd euftdb, fyirm atat, mctirmc, sdcmt cipdld, hdtuc,
bipdtaeijdlm, pirodrdbdf odf eifjjmjml sirtd splifaeijdlm. Eifurut
hirdt rmfjdffyd, liptaspmrasms omhdjm eif`dom rmfjdf odf hirdt, titdpm
uftuc pifoicdtdf omdjfasms clmfms odf pifdfjdfdffyd, pdrd dblm lihmb
sifdfj eiehdjm pifydcmt mfm eif`dom liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc (faf
mctirmc) odf liptaspmrasms mctirmc.
4) Liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc
Afsit liptaspmrasms mfm eifododc odf omtdfodm oifjdf oiede rmfjdf
dtdu tmfjjm ydfj ueuefyd hirsmgdt riemtif, fyirm cipdld odf
eifjjmjml sirtd emdljmd. Fyirm cipdld hmsd hirdt, emrmp ydfj tir`dom
pdod mfgicsm oifjui, omsirtdm fyirm ritra-arhmtdl odf pbatapahmd. Fyirm
atat tirutded om odirdb hitms, pufjjufj odf pdbd. Fyirm mfm omoujd
dcmhdt cirusdcdf
atat sibmfjjd
kridtmfmf pbaspbacmfdsi pdod
sihdjmdf hisdr cdsus dcdf eifmfjcdt, odf pieirmcsddf kritmfmf
pbaspbacmfdsi
mfm
odpdt
uftuc
eiehdftu
omdjfasms
clmfms
liptaspmrasms. Dcmhdt fyirm hitms ydfj eifyalac mfm, pdsmif cdodfjcdodfj eifjilub sucdr hir`dldf. Eudl, euftdb odf dfaricsmd
omldparcdf alib sihdjmdf hisdr pdsmif. ^ieirmcsddf gmsmc ydfj cbds
dodldb kaf`ufktmvdl suggusmaf odf fyirm ticdf om odirdb hitms.
Lmepdoifapdtm, splifaeijdlm, bipdtaeijdlm odf rdsb edkupdpuldr
hmsd omtieucdf, eiscmpuf `drdfj. Cildmfdf edtd hirupd uvimtms odf
mrmoasmclms odpdt om`uepdm pdod pdsmif liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc edupuf
mctirmc.
Jdehdrdf clmfmc tirpiftmfj liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc dodldb eifmfjmtms
dsiptmc ydfj tmodc spismgmc sibmfjjd sirmfj tirliwdtcdf omdjfasmsfyd.
Odlde gdsi liptaspmriemd, hdctirm liptaspmrd hmsd omtieucdf om odlde
kdmrdf sirihraspmfdl, titdpm odlde
emfjju cioud
hdctirm mfm
eifjbmldfj sitildb eufkulfyd dftmhaom ( gdsi meuf ).
^dsmif oifjdf Liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc pdod ueuefyd tmodc hirahdt
cdrifd cilubdffyd hmsd sdfjdt rmfjdf. ^dod sihdjmdf pdsmif, pifydcmt
mfm odpdt siehub sifomrm ( silg - lmemtio ) odf hmdsdfyd ji`dld
clmfmcfyd dcdf eifjbmldfj odlde wdctu 8-; emfjju. Cdrifd
jdehdrdf clmfmcfyd emrmp pifydcmt-pifydcmt oiede dcut ldmf, edcd
pdod sitmdp cdsus oifjdf cilubdf oiede, liptaspmrasms dfmctirmcbdrus
ompmcmrcdf
sihdjdm
sdldb
sdtu
omdjfasms
hdfomfjfyd,
dpdldjm
ydfj om odirdb ifoiemc.
Liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc eirupdcdf pifyihdh utded
Givir agufcfawf
armjmf om hihirdpd fijdrd Dsmd sipirtm _bdmldfo odf
Edldysmd. Omdjfasms hdfomfj liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc bdrus eifkdcup
pifydcmt-pifydcmt mfgicsm vmrus sipirtm mfgluifzd, BMW sirakaf
virsmaf, mfgicsm oifjui, mfgicsm bdftd vmrus, bipdtmtms vmrus, mfgicsm
eafafucliasms odf `ujd mfgicsm hdctirmdl dtdu pdrdsmtmc sipirtm
oiede tmgamo, hrusilasms, rmcitsmasms odf edldrmd.
8) Liptaspmrasms mctirmc
Mctirus ueuefyd omdfjjdp sihdjdm mfomcdtar utded liptaspmrasms
hirdt.
Jdjdl
jmf`dl
dcut, mctirus
odf edfmgistdsm
pirodrdbdf
eirupdcdf jdehdrdf clmfmc cbds pifydcmt Ziml. ^dod liptaspmrasms
mctirmc, oiede odpdt pirsmstif sibmfjjd gdsi meuf eif`dom tmodc `ilds
dtdu fdepdc avirldppmfj oifjdf gdsi liptaspmriemd. Dod tmodcfyd
gdsi meuf `ujd ompifjdrubm alib `ifms siravdr odf `ueldb hdctirm
liptaspmrd ydfj eifjmfgicsm, stdtus meufalajmc odf futrmsm pifoirmtd
sirtd cikipdtdfeiepiralib tirdpm ydfj tipdt. Liptaspmrasms dodldb
pifyihdh tirsirmfj jdjdl jmf`dl dcut.
^irhioddf jdehdrdf clmfmc liptaspmrasms dfmctirmc odf mctirmc
_dhil 8.4 jdehdrdf clmfmc liptaspmrasms
[mforae Gdsi
Edfmgistdsm clmfmc
[pismeif
ldhardtarmue
Liptaspmrasms
dfmctirmc
gdsi liptaspmriemd (;-
Oiede tmfjjm, fyirm
: bdrm).
cipdld, emdljmd, fyirm
pirut, eudl,
Odrdb, LK[
euftdb,
kaf`ufjtmvd
suggusmaf.
Gdsi meuf (;-;> bdrm).
Oiede
rmfjdf
, Yrmf
fyirm cipdld, euftdb.
Liptaspmrasms mctirmc
gdsi liptaspmriemd odf
Oiede tmfjjm, fyirm
gdsi meuf (sirmfj
cipdld,
eif`dom sdtu dtdu
mctirmc jdjdl
avirldppmfj) tirodpdt
bmpatifsm, edfmgistdsm
pirmaoi dsmeptaedtmc
pirodrdbdf,
(4-; bdrm)
pfiueafmtms,
Odrdb, LK[
emdljmd, emfjju pirtded.
jmf`dl, Yrmf emfjju
cioud.
liucasmtasms.
(^airwa, 8>>8)
9. Ipmoiemalajm Liptaspmrasms
Liptaspmrasms dodldb pifydcm mfgicsm dcut ydfj odpdt eifyirdfj edfusmd
edupuf biwdf odf omjalafjcdf sihdjdm zaafasms. Liptaspmrasms dodldb
zaafasms hdctirmdl hirodsdrcdf pifyihdhfyd, hirodsdrcdf kdrd pifuldrdf
eirupdcdf omrikt zaafasms cdrifd tmodc eieirlucdf victar, odf odpdt
`ujd omjalafjcdf sihdjdm degmcsifasi cdrifd `dlur pifuldrdf odpd odrm
biwdf ci edfusmd odf sihdlmcfyd. ^ifuldrdf liptaspmrasms pdod edfusmd
omtuldrcdf alib biwdf ydfj tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd. Biwdf pi`deu
cuedf liptaspmrd dodldb biwdf pilmbdrddf sipirtm hdhm, liehu, cdehmfj,
cukmfj, df`mfj siodfjcdf cilaepac ufjjds sirtd hihirdpd biwdf lmdrsipirtm
tmcus, hd`mfj, uldr, odf ldmf-ldmf. ^i`deu risivadr utded dodldb
raoif. Cuedf liptaspmrd bmoup omodlde jmf`dl pi`deu risirvadr odf
omciludrcdf eildlum urmf sddt hirciemb. Edfusmd eirupdcdf baspis
mfsmoiftml sipirtm pdod jdehdr hirmcut 0
Jdehdr 8.8 smclus pifuldrdf liptaspmrasms
[uehir 0bttp0//www.jaajli.ka.mo
Eifurut [drasa (8>>;) pifuldrdf liptaspmrasms odpdt sikdrd ldfjsufj odf
tmodc ldfjsufj ydmtu 0
d. ^ifuldrdf sikdrd ldfjsufj odpdt tir`dom 0
4) Eildlum odrdb, urmf dtdu kdmrdf tuhub ldmf ydfj eifjdfoufj
cuedf liptaspmrd edsuc ciodlde tuhub pi`deu.
8) Odrm biwdf ci edfusmd eirupdcdf piydcmt dcmhdt picir`ddf,
tir`dom pdod ardfj ydfj eirdwdt biwdf dtdu eifdfjdfm arjdf
tuhub biwdf emsdlfyd picir`d patafj biwdf, dtdu sisiardfj
ydfj tirtuldr odrm biwdf pilmbdrddf.
;) Odrm edfusmd ci edfusmd eiscmpuf `drdfj, odpdt tir`dom eildlum
buhufjdf sicsudl pdod edsd cafvdlisif dtdu odrm mhu pifoirmtd
liptaspmrasms ci `dfmf eildlum sdwdr pldsiftd odf dmr susu mhu.
h. ^ifuldrdf tmodc ldfjsufj odpdt tir`dom eildlum 0
4) Jifdfjdf dmr.
8) [ufjdm dtdu hdodf dmr.
;) Odfdu.
?) [ilacdf sdlurdf dmr odf luepur ydfj tirkiedr urmf biwdf.
9) @drdc ruedb oifjdf tiepdt pifjuepuldf sdepdb.
k. Gdctar rismca
Gdctar-gdctar rismca tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd, hmld caftdc
ldfjsufj dtdu tirpd`df dmr dtdu rdwd ydfj tircaftdemfdsm ydmtu 0
4) Caftdc oifjdf dmr ydfj tircafdemfdsm cuedf liptaspmrd dtdu
urmf tmcus sddt hdf`mr.
8) ^icir`ddf tucdfj pirdbu, rdcmt hdehu, pieulufj.
;) Eifkukm dtdu edfom omsufjdm dtdu odfdu.
?) _ucdfj cihuf dtdu picir`ddf om pircihufdf.
9) ^itdfm tdfpd dlds cdcm om sdwdb.
7) ^iehirsmb silacdf.
:) ^icir`d patafj biwdf, ucdfj odjmfj ydfj tirpd`df sddt
eieatafj biwdf.
2) ^itirfdc, pieilmbdrddf biwdf odf oartir biwdf ydfj tirpd`df
cdrifd eifdfjdfm tirfdc dtdu biwdf, tirutded sddt eieirdb
susu, eifyiftub biwdf edtm, eifalafj biwdf eildbmrcdf, dtdu
caftdc oifjdf hdbdf ldmf sipirtm pldsiftd, kdmrdf defmaf odf
hmld caftdc oifjdf pirkmcdf mfgicsmus sddt biwdf hirciemb.
=) ^icir`d tdehdfj.
4>) ^iedfkmfj mcdf, picir`d tdehdc uodfj dtdu mcdf tdwdr.
44) Dfdc-dfdc ydfj hiredmf om tdedf, jifdfjdf dmr bu`df dtdu
cuhdfjdf.
48)_iepdt ricridsm om dmr tdwdr 0 hirifdfj, drue `irde odf aldb
rdjd dmr ldmf, trmlaehd `udfj (trmdtblaf), eiedsucm jud, eifodcm
jufufj.
Mfgicsm liptaspmrasms om Mfoafismd ueuefyd oifjdf pirdftdrd tmcus `ifms
Xdttus farvijmkus (tmcus silacdf), Xdttus omdromm (tmcus ldodfj), odf
Xdttus ixuldfs [ufku eurmfus (kikurt).
7. ^ifkijdbdf
Eifurut [drasa (8>>;) pifkijdbdf pifuldrdf cuedf liptaspmrasms odpdt
omldcucdf eildlum tmjd `dlur ydfj eilmputm 0
d. @dlur suehir mfgicsm
4) Eildcucdf tmfodcdf msaldsm dtdu eiehufub biwdf ydfj
tirmfgicsm.
8) Eiehirmcdf dftmhmatmc pdod biwdf ydfj tirmfgicsm, sipirtm
pifmsmlmf, depmsmlmf, dtdu ombyorastriptaeykmf, djdr tmodc eif`dom
cdrmir cuedf liptaspmrd. Oasms odf kdrd piehirmdf hirhiod-hiod,
tirjdftufj `ifms biwdf ydfj tirmfgicsm.
;) Eifjurdfjm
pifjjufddf
papuldsm
rdkuf
tmcus
tmcus,
oifjdf
hihirdpd
piedsdfjdf
`ihdcdf,
kdrd
sipirtm
pifjjufddf
rafoiftmsmod odf priodtar rafoif.
?) Eifmdodcdf dcsis tmcus ci lmfjcufjdf pieucmedf, edcdfdf odf
dmr emfue oifjdf eiehdfjuf juodfj pifymepdfdf edcdfdf
dtdu bdsml pirtdfmdf, suehir pifdepufjdf dmr, odf pircdrdfjdf
ydfj ciodp tmcus, odf oifjdf eiehudfj smsd edcdfdf sirtd
sdepdb `dub odrm `dfjcdudf tmcus.
9) Eifkifjdb tmcus odf biwdf lmdr ldmf tmfjjdl om bdhmtdt edfusmd
oifjdf eieilmbdrd
lmfjcufjdf hirsmb,
eiehudfj sdepdb,
eiedfjcds rueput odf siedc hirlucdr, eif`djd sdfmtdsm,
cbususfyd oifjdf eiehdfjuf sdrdfd piehudfjdf lmehdb odf
cdedr edfom ydfj hdmc, odf eifyiomdcdf dmr emfue ydfj hirsmb.
d) Eildcucdf vdcsmfdsm biwdf tirfdc odf biwdf pilmbdrddf.
h) Eiehudfj catardf biwdf pilmbdrddf. [dodcmemdf rupd
sibmffjd tmodc eifmehulcdf caftdemfdsm, emsdlfyd oifjdf
piehirmdf oismfgictdf.
h. @dlur pifuldrdf
^ifuldrdf odpdt omkijdb oifjdf 0
4) Eiedcdm pilmfoufj cir`d (sipdtu, sdrufj tdfjdf, pilmfoufj
edtd, dpraf, edscir).
8) Eifkukm lucd oifjdf kdmrdf dftmsiptmc, odf omtutup oifjdf
plistir ciodp dmr.
;) Eifkukm dtdu edfom oifjdf sdhuf dftmsiptmc sitildb tirpd`df
pirkmcdf urmf, tdfdb, odf dmr ydfj tircaftdemfdsm.
?) Eifuehubcdf cisdodrd tirbdodp patifsm rismca odf eitaoi
uftuc eifkijdb dtdu eifjurdfjm pd`dfdf emsdlfyd oifjdf
eiwdspdodm pirkmcdf dtdu dirasal, tmodc eifyiftub hdfjcdm
biwdf, `dfmf, pldsiftd, arjdf (jmf`dl, cdfoufj ciemb) oifjdf
tdfjdf tildf`dfj, odf `dfjf eifalafj pirsdlmfdf biwdf tdfpd
sdrufj tdfjdf.
9) Eifjifdcdf sdrufj tdfjdf sddt eildcucdf tmfodcdf bmjmifmc sddt
caftdc oifjdf urmf biwdf, kukm tdfjdf sitildb silisdm odf
wdspdod tirbdodp cieufjcmfdf tirmfgicsm sddt eirdwdt biwdf
ydfj sdcmt.
7) Eildcucdf oismfgictdf odirdb ydfj tircaftdemfdsm, oifjdf
eiehirsmbcdf ldftdm cdfodfj, ruedb patafj biwdf odf ldmfldmf.
:) Eilmfoufjm sdfmtdsm dmr emfue pifououc oifjdf pifjaldlddf dmremfue
ydfj hdmc, gmltrdsm odf carmfdsm uftuc eifkifjdb mfgicsm cuedf
liptaspmrd.
2) Eifurufcdf ^B dmr sdwdb eif`dom dsde oifjdf piedcdmdf
pupuc ddu hdbdf-hdbdf cmemd sibmfjjd `ueldb odf vmrulifsm
cuedf liptaspmrd hircurdfj.
=) Eiehirmcdf pirmfjdtdf cipdod edsydrdcdt eifjifdm dmr calde,
jifdjdf dmr odf sufjdm ydfj tildb dtdu omoujd tircaftdemfdsm
cuedf liptaspmrd..
4>) Edfd`ieif tirfdc ydfj hdmc.
k. @dlur pi`deu edfusmd
4) Eifuehubcdf smcdp wdspdod
Ompirlucdf pifoicdtdf piftmfj pdod edsydrdcdt ueue odf
cilaepac rismca tmfjjm tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd. Edsydrdcdt
pirlu
eifjitdbum
dspic
pifydcmt
liptaspmrd,
kdrd-kdrd
eifjbmfodrm pd`dfdf odf sijird ci sdrdfd cisibdtdf hmld om oujd
tirmfgicsm cuedf liptaspmrd.
8) Eildcucdf updyd ioucdsm
Odlde updyd praeatmg, uftuc eifjbmfodrm liptaspmrasms
omldcucdf oifjdf kdrd-kdrd ioucdsm ydfj eilmputm 0
d) Eiehirmcdf
siliehdrdf
cipdod
clmfmc
cisibdtdf,
oipdrtieif pirtdfmdf, mfstmtusm emlmtir, odf ldmf-ldmf. Om
odldefyd
omurdmcdf
eifjifdm
pifydcmt
liptaspmrasms,
crmtirmd eififjdccdf omdjfasms, tirdpm odf kdrd eifkifjdb
pd`dfdf. Omkdtuecdf puld faear tilivaf ydfj odpdt
ombuhufjm uftuc mfgaredsm lihmb ldf`ut.
h) Eildcucdf pifyihdrdf mfgaredsm.
t
I
%î...¢• =•.
%»
i• ...•.ï.•.«»'m • -R-;;'Ï-a,
. ‘°’
• #..øń.°.
i• ä?Æ
• %nu°%. i• 'șï'-e;.
CAF[I^ D[YBDF CI^IXDZD_DF
D. ^IFJCD@MDF
4. Moiftmtds
Cidoddf ueue clmif sipirtm ueur odf meufmsdsm., ldcm odf piriepudf tmfjcdt
ci`domdffyd sded.
8. Cilubdf utded
Oiede ydfj eifododc
_mehul ji`dld oiede ydfj omsirtdm sdcmt cipdld, emdljmd odf fyirm ticdf (graftdl)
edtd eirdb, gatagahmd, ciludbdf jdstramftistmfdl. Oiede omsirtdm eudl, euftdb,
omdri, hdtuc, sdcmt odod, bieaptasms, pifurufdf cisdodrdf odf mf`icsm caf`ufktmvd.
Oiede mfm hirldfjsufj 4-; bdrm.
;. Xmwdydt cipirdwdtdf
d. Meufmsdsm, rmwdydt meufmsdsm pirlu uftuc pifmfjcdtdf odyd tdbdf tuhub
h. Xmwdydt pifydcmt, mfgluifzd, bdpdtmtms, hrusilasms, pfiued dtmpmc, OHO,
pifydcmt susufdf sdrdg dcut, givir ag ufcfawf armjmf.
k. Xmwdydt picir`ddf clmif dpdcdb tiredsuc cilaepac ardfj rismca tmfjjm sipirtm
hipirjmdf om butdf hildftdrd, rdwd, sufjdm dtdu pitdfm.
?. ^ieirmcsddf odf ahsirvdsm
d. Gmsmc
Cidoddf ueue, pifurufdf cisdodrdf, liedb, dctvmvmtds eifuruf
Xivmiw ag smstie 0
4) [mstie pirfdgdsdf
Ipmtdcsms, pifueafmtms bieardjmc om pdru, hdtuc, sdcmt odod
8) [mstie kdromavdsculir
^irodrdbdf, dfiemd, oiede, hrdomcdromd.
;)
[mstie pirsydrdgdf
^ifurudfdf cisdodrdf, sdcmt cipdld tirutded omhdjmdf graftdl, edtd eirdb,
gatagahmd, mf`icsm caf`ufktmvd,mrmoasmclmtms
?) [mstie pirciembdf
Almjarmd, dzaeitemd,pirodrdbdf doirfdl
9) [mstie pifkirfddf
Bipdtaeijdlm, splifaeijdlm, bieaptasms, eilifdfd
7) [mstie euscalasclitdl
Culmt
oifjdf
rude
hirhiftuc
edculdr/edculapdpuldr/urtmcdrmd
ydfj
tirisihdr pdod hdodf. ^ritmhmdl.
h. Ldhardtarmue
4)
Liucasmtasms faredl, siomcmt eifuruf,
8)
Fiurtragmlmd odf ld`u ifodp odrdb (LIO) ydfj eifmfjcdt
;)
^ratimfurmd, liucasmtarmd
?)
[iomeif sil tardc
9)
HYF, uriue odf cridtmfmf eifmfjcdt
7)
[JA_ eifmfjjm titdpm tmodc eilihmbm 9 x faredl
:)
Hmlmruhmf eifmfjjm sdedpdm ?> %
2)
_raehasmtapifmd
=)
Bmparptraehmfiemd
4>) Liucasmt odlde kdmrdf sirihraspmfdl 4>-4>>/ee;
44) Jlucasd odlde K[[ Faredl dtdu eifuruf
H. OMDJFA[D CI^IXDZD_DF
4. Bmpirtiremd hirbuhufjdf oifjdf pifmfjcdtdf eitdhalmsei tuhub, prasis pifydcmt
8. Fyirm dcut hirbuhufjdf oifjdf djif hmalajms (prasis pifydcmt)
;. Citmodcsimehdfjdf futrmsm curdfj odrm cihutubdf tuhub h.o citmodcedepudf
uftuc eifjdhsarhsm zdt-zdt hirjmzm cdrifd gdctar hmlajms, prasis pifydcmt.
?. Oigmsmt valuei kdmrdf h.o cicurdfjdf kdmrdf odf ilictralmt dctmg
9. Kieds/ tdcut hirbuhufjdf oifjdf piruhdbdf cisibdtdf (pifydcmt liptaspmrasms)
7. Curdfj pifjitdbudf tiftdfj pifydcmt, prajfasms odf pifjahdtdf hirbuhufjdf
oifjdf curdfjfyd mfgaredsm, emsmftirpritdsm, citirhdtdsdf cajfmtmg
:. Xismca cirusdcdf mftijrmtds culmt hirbuhufjdf oifjdf igic cir`d pifydcmt, oigmkmt
meufalajmc, pifurufdf mftdci futrmsm odf dfiemd.
F
a
4
Omdjfasd
Cipirdwdtdf
XIFKDFD CI^IXDZD_DF
_u`udf odf Krmtirmd Bdsml
(FAK)
Mftirvifsm (FMK)
Bmpirtiremd
hirbuhufjdf
oifjdf
pifmfjcdtdf
eitdhalmsei
FAK 0 _birearijuldtmaf
Crmtirmd Bdsml 0
[ubu tuhub odlde riftdfj
faredl
Fdom odf XX odlde riftdfj
FMK 0
Givir tridteift
Eafmtar subu sisirmfj
eufjcmf
Eafmtar MZL
tuhub, prasis
pifydcmt
faredl
_modc dod piruhdbdf wdrfd
Eafmtar wdrfd odf subu
culmt
culmt odf tmodc dod pusmfj,
eirdsd fydedf
Eafmtar ticdfdf odrdb,
fdom odf XX
Eafmtar pifurufdf tmfjcdt
cisdodrdf
Eafmtar ZHK, Bh, odf
Bkt
Eafmtar mftdci odf autput
Hirmcdf dftm pmritmc
Hirmcdf pifjahdtdf uftuc
eifjdtdsm pifyihdh oiede
[ilmeutm pdsmif
Ldcucdf tdpmo spafji
Hirmcdf kdmrdf mftrdvifd
Caepris pdsmif pdod lmpdt
pdbd odf dcsmld
_mfjcdtcdf smrculdsm uodrd
Hirmcdf pifjahdtdf uftuc
eifkijdb tir`domfyd
eifjjmjml
_iepirdturi rijuldtmaf
Eafmtar subu emfmedl tmdp
8 `de
Xifkdfdcdf eafmtarmfj
subu sikdrd caftmfyu
Eafmtar _O, fdom, odf XX
Eafmtar wdrfd odf subu
culmt
Eafmtar tdfod-tdfod
bmpirtirem odf bmpatirem
_mfjcdtcdf mftdci kdmrdf
odf futrmsm
[ilmeutm pdsmif uftuc
eifkijdb bmldfjfyd
cibdfjdtdf tuhub
D`drcdf pdod pdsmif kdrd
eifkijdb cilitmbdf dcmhdt
pdfds
Omscusmcdf tiftdfj
piftmfjfyd pifjdturdf subu
odf cieufjcmfdf igic
fijdtmg odrm ciomfjmfdf
Hirmtdbucdf tiftdfj
mfomcdsm tir`domfyd cilitmbdf
odf pifdfjdfdf ieirjifky
ydfj ompirlucdf
D`drcdf mfomcdsm odrm
8
Fyirm dcut
hirbuhufjdf
oifjdf djif
hmalajms (prasis
pifydcmt)
FAK 0
^dmf Livil,
^dmf kaftral,
Kaegart livil
Crmtirmd Bdsml 0
Edepu eifjaftral fyirm
(tdbu pifyihdh fyirm, edepu
eifjjufdcdf tibfmc
fafgdredcalajm uftuc
eifjurdfjm fyirm, eifkdrm
hdftudf)
Eildparcdf hdbwd fyirm
hircurdfj oifjdf
eifjjufdcdf edfd`ieif
fyirm
Edepu eifjifdlm fyirm
(scdld, mftifsmtds, gricuifsm
odf tdfod fyirm)
Eifydtdcdf rdsd fydedf
sitildb fyirm hircurdfj
_dfod vmtdl odlde riftdfj
faredl
bmpatirem odf pifdfjdfdf
ydfj ompirlucdf
Hirmcdf dftm pmritmc `mcd
pirlu
FMK 0
^dmf Edfdjieift
Ldcucdf pifjcd`mdf fyirm
sikdrd caepribifsmg
tiredsuc lacdsm,
cdrdctirmstmc, ourdsm,
gricuifsm, cudlmtds odf gdctar
prismpmtdsm
Ahsirvdsm ridcsm fafvirhdl
odrm citmodcfydedfdf
Jufdcdf ticfmc
caeufmcdsm tirdpiutmc uftuc
eifjitdbum pifjdldedf
fyirm pdsmif
Cd`m cultur ydfj
eiepifjdrubm rispaf fyirm
Ivdludsm pifjdldedf fyirm
edsd ldepdu
Ivdludsm hirsded pdsmif
odf tme cisibdtdf ldmf
tiftdfj citmodcigictmgdf
caftral fyirm edsd ldepdu
Hdftu pdsmif odf ciludrjd
uftuc eifkdrm odf
eifieucdf oucufjdf
Caftral lmfjcufjdf ydfj
odpdt eiepifjdrubm fyirm
sipirtm subu rudfjdf,
pifkdbdyddf odf cihmsmfjdf
Curdfjm gdctar prismpmtdsm
fyirm
^mlmb odf ldcucdf
pifdfjdfdf fyirm
(gdredcalajm, faf
gdredcalajm odf mftir
pirsafdl)
Cd`m tmpi odf suehir fyirm
uftuc eififtucdf mftirvifsm
D`drcdf tiftdfj ticfmc faf
gdredcalajm
Hirmcdf dfdljitmc uftuc
eifjurdfjm fyirm
Ivdludsm ciigictmgdf
caftral fyirm
_mfjcdtcdf mstmrdbdt
Caldhardsmcdf oifjdf
oactir `mcd dod cilubdf odf
tmfodcdf fyirm tmodc hirbdsml
Eafmtar pifirmeddf pdsmif
;
Citmodcsimehdfj
df futrmsm curdfj
odrm cihutubdf
FAK 0
Futrmtmafdl [tdtus 0 gaao
dfo Glumo Mftdci
tiftdfj edfd`ieif fyirm
Dfdljismk Doemfmstrdtmaf
_iftucdf lacdsm,
cdrdctirmstmc, cudlmtds, odf
oird`dt fyirm sihilue
piehirmdf ahdt
Kic mfstrucsm oactir
tiftdfj `ifms ahdt, oasms, odf
gricuifsm
Kic rmwdydt dlirjm
^mlmb dfdljismc ydfj
ompirlucdf dtdu caehmfdsm
odrm dfdljismc citmcd
piehirmdf lihmb odrm sdtu
_iftucdf pmlmbdf dfdljismc
tirjdftufj tmpi odf hirdtfyd
fyirm
_iftucdf dfdljismc pmlmbdf,
ruti piehirmdf, odf oasms
aptmedl
^mlmb ruti piehirmdf sikdrd
MW, ME uftuc pifjahdtdf
fyirm sikdrd tirdtur
Eafmtar vmtdl smjf sihilue
odf sisuodb piehirmdf
dfdljismc pirtded cdlm
Hirmcdf dfdljismc tipdt
wdctu tirutded sddt fyirm
bihdt
Ivdludsm igictmvmtds
dfdljismc, tdfod odf ji`dld
(igic sdepmfj)
FMK 0
Futrmtmaf Edfdjieift
Cd`m dodfyd dlirjm
tuhub h.o
citmodcedepudf
Futrmtmafdl [tdtus 0 futrmift
Mftdci
edcdfdf
Caldhardsm oifjdf dblm jmzm
uftuc
eifjdhsarhsm
zdt-zdt hirjmzm
cdrifd gdctar
hmlajms, prasis
pifydcmt.
Zimjbt kaftral
Crmtirmd Bdsml 0
Dodfyd pifmfjcdtdf hirdt
hdodf sisudm oifjdf tu`udf
Hirdt hdodf moidl sisudm
oifjdf tmfjjm hdodf
Edepueifjmoiftmgmcdsm
cihutubdf futrmsm
_modc dod tdfod tdfod
uftuc eififtucdf `ueldb
cdlarm odf futrmsm ydfj
omhutubcdf pdsmif.
Df`urcdf pdsmif uftuc
eifmfjcdtcdf mftdci Gi
Df`urcdf pdsmif uftuc
eifmfjcdtcdf pratimf odf
vmtdemf K
Hirmcdf suhstdfsm juld
edlfutrmsm
Eifuf`uccdf pifmfjcdtdf
gufjsm pifjikdpdf odrm
eifildf
_modc tir`dom pifurufdf
hirdt hdodf ydfj hirdrtm
]dcmfcdf omit ydfj
omedcdf eifjdfoufj tmfjjm
sirdt uftuc eifkijdb
cafstmpdsm
Hirmcdf edcdfdf ydfj
tirpmlmb ( suodb
omcafsultdsmcdf oifjdf dblm
jmzm)
D`drcdf pdsmif hdjdmedfd
eiehudt kdtdtdf edcdfdf
bdrmdf.
Eafmtar `ueldb futrmsm odf
cdfoufjdf cdlarm
Hirmcdf mfgaredsm tiftdfj
cihutubdf futrmsm
Cd`m ciedepudf pdsmif
uftuc eifodpdtcdf futrmsm
ydfj omhutubcdf
Futrmtmaf Eafmtarmfj
HH pdsmif odlde hdtds
faredl
Eafmtar dodfyd pifurufdf
hirdt hdodf
Eafmtar tmpi odf `ueldb
dctmvmtds ydfj hmdsd
omldcucdf
Eafmtar mftirdcsm dfdc dtdu
ardfjtud silded edcdf
Eafmtar lmfjcufjdf silded
edcdf
@dowdlcdf pifjahdtdf odf
tmfodcdf tmodc silded `de
edcdf
Eafmtar culmt cirmfj odf
piruhdbdf pmjeiftdsm
Eafmtar turjar culmt
Eafmtar cicirmfjdf,
rdehut cusde, odf euodb
pdtdb
Eafmtar eudl odf euftdb
Eafmtar cdodr dlhuemf,
tatdl pratimf, Bh, odf cdodr
Bt
Eafmtar edcdfdf cisucddf
Eafmtar pirtuehubdf odf
pirciehdfjdf
?
Oigmsmt valuei
kdmrdf h.o
cicurdfjdf
kdmrdf odf
ilictralmt dctmg
FAK0
Glumo hdldfki
Byordtmaf
Futrmtmafdl [tdtus 0 Gaao
dfo Glumo Mftdci
Crmtirmd Bdsml 0
Eiepirtdbdfcdf urmfi
autput sisudm oifjdf usmd odf
HH, H@ urmfi faredl, B_
faredl
_icdfdf odrdb, fdom, subu
tuhub odlde hdtds faredl
_modc dod tdfod tdfod
oibmordsm, Ildstmsmtds turjar
culmt hdmc, eiehrdf eucasd
liehdh, tmodc dod rdsd bdus
ydfj hirlihmbdf
Eafmtar pukdt, cieirdbdf,
odf cicirmfjdf `drmfjdf
caf`ufjtmvd
Eafmtar cdlarm odf mftdci
fuftrmsm
Kdtdt dodfyd ioied,
bmpiriemc, bmpirtafmc pdpmld
lmodb odf kdvmtds ardl.
Kdtdt `mcd lmodb hirwdrfd
edjiftd, skdrlit
FMK 0
Glumo edfdjieift
_mehdfj
papac/piehdlut `mcd
ompirlucdf
^irtdbdfcdf kdtdtdf
mftdci odf autput ydfj dcurdt
Eafmtar stdtus bmordsm
( ciliehdhdf eiehrdf
eucasd, fdom doicudt,
ticdfdf odrdb artastdtmc ),
`mcd ompirlucdf
Eafmtar vmtdl smjf
Eafmtar edsucdf
edcdfdf / kdmrdf odf bmtufj
mftdci cdlarm bdrmdf
Caldhardsmcdf
piehirmdf kdmrdf MW
Eafmtar stdtus futrmsm
Hirmcdf kdmrdf MW pdod
subu rudfjdf
Oarafj edsucdf ardl
Hirmcdf pifjjdftmdf
fisajdtrmc sisudm autput
Oarafj ciludrjd uftuc
eiehdftu pdsmif edcdf
_dwdrcdf sfdkc ( `us
hudb, hudb sijdr )
Caldhardsm oactir `mcd
tdfod kdmrdf hirlihmb eufkul
eihuruc
Dtur cieufjcmfdf
trdfgusm
9
Kieds/ tdcut
hirbuhufjdf
oifjdf
piruhdbdf
cisibdtdf
(pifydcmt
liptaspmrasmsm)
FAK 0
Dfxmity kaftral
Kapmfj
Mepulsi kaftral
Crmtirmd Bdsml 0
Clmif edepu
eifjmoiftmgmcdsm odf
eifjufjcdpcdf ji`dld kieds
Eifjmoiftmgmcdsm,
eifjufjcdpcdf odf
eifuf`uccdf tibfmc uftuc
eifjaftal kieds
Wmtdl smjf odlde hdtds
faredl
^astur tuhub, icsprism
wd`db, hdbdsd tuhub odf
tmfjcdt dctmvmtds eifuf`uccdf
hircurdfjfyd cikiedsdf
^irsmdpdf uftuc trdfgusm
FMK 0
Dfxmity Xiouktmaf
(pifurufdf cikiedsdf)
Jufdcdf pifoicdtdf
ydfj eififdfjcdf
Fydtdcdf oifjdf `ilds
bdrdpdf tirbdodp pildcu
pdsmif
@ildscdf sieud prasiourodf
dpd ydfj omrdsdcdf
silded prasiour
^dbdem prispictmg pdsmif
tirbodp smtudsm stris
_iedfm pdsmif uftuc
eiehirmcdf cidedfdf odf
eifjurdfjm tdcut
Hirmcdf mfgaredsm
gdctudl eifjifdm omdjfasms,
tmfodcdf prajfasms
Oarafj ciludrjd uftuc
eifiedfm dfdc
Ldcucdf hdkc / fikc ruh
Oifjdrcdf oifjdf
pifub pirbdtmdf
Moiftmgmcdsm tmfjcdt
cikiedsdf
Hdftu pdsmif eifjifdl
smtudsm ydfj eifmehulcdf
cikiedsdf
Oarafj pdsmif uftuc
eifjufjcdpcdf pirdsddf,
citdcutdf, pirsipsm
Mfstrucsmcdf pdsmif
eifjjufdcdf ticfmc
rildcsdsm
Hdrmcdf ahdt uftuc
eifjurdfjm cikiedsdf
7
Curdfj
pifjitdbudf
tiftdfj pifydcmt,
prajfasms odf
pifjahdtdf
hirbuhufjdf
oifjdf
curdfjfyd
mfgaredsm,
FAK 0
Cawlwoji 0 omsidsi
prakiss
Cawlioji 0 bidltb Hibdvmar
Crmtirmd Bdsml 0
^dsmif odf ciludrjd
eifydtdcdf piedbdedf
tiftdfj pifydcmt, cafomsm,
prajfasms odf prajrde
FMK 0
_idkbmfj 0 omsidsi ^rakiss
4. Hirmcdf pifmldmdf
tiftdfj tmfjcdt pifjitdbudf
pdsmif tiftdfj prasis
pifydcmt ydfj spismgmc
8. @ildscdf pdtagmsmalajm
odrm pifydcmt odf hdjdmedfd
bdl mfm hirbuhufjdf oifjdf
emsmftirpritdsm,
citirhdtdsdf
cajfmtmg
pifjahdtdf
^dsmif odf ciludrjd edepu
eildcsdfdcdf prasiour ydfj
om`ildscdf sikdrd hifdr
^dsmif odf ciludrjd edepu
eif`ildscdf ciehdlm dpd ydfj
om`ildscdf pirdwdt/tme
cisibdtdf ldmffyd.
dfdtaem odf gmsmalajm, oifjdf
kdrd ydfj tipdt.
;. Jdehdrcdf tdfod odf
ji`dld ydfj hmdsd eufkul
pdod pifydcmt, oifjdf kdrd
ydfj tipdt
?. Jdehdrcdf prasis
pifydcmt, oifjdf kdrd ydfj
tipdt
9. Moiftmgmcdsm cieufjcmfdf
pifyihdh, oifjfd kdrd ydfj
tipdt
7. [iomdcdf mfgaredsm pdod
pdsmif tiftdfj cafomsm,
oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt
:. Bmfodrm bdrdpdf ydfj
casafj
2. [iomdcdf hdjm ciludrjd
dtdu [A mfgaredsm tiftdfj
cied`udf pdsmif oifjdf kdrd
ydfj tipdt
=. Omscusmcdf piruhdbdf
jdyd bmoup ydfj eufjcmf
o
irpllumcdf
ucdse
cmape
sm uofmte
d iyfdkfijjdb
dcdf odtdfj odf dtdu prasis
pifjaftraldf pifydcmt
4>. Omscusmcdf pmlmbdf tirdpm
dtdu pifdfjdfdf
44. Oucufj pdsmif uftuc
eifjicsplardsm dtdu
eifodpdtcdf sikafo apmfmaf
oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt dtdu
ommfomcdsmcdf
48. Icsplardsm cieufjcmfdf
suehir dtdu oucufjdf,
oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt
4;. Xu`uc pdsmif pdod jrup
dtdu djifsm om caeufmtds
lacdl, oifjdf kdrd ydfj tipdt
4?. Mfstrucsmcdf pdsmif
eifjifdm tdfod odf ji`dld
uftuc eildparcdf pdod
piehirm pirdwdtdf
cisibdtdf, oifjdf kdrd ydfj
tipdt
:
Xismca cirusdcdf
mftijrmtds culmt
hirbuhufjdf
oifjdf igic cir`d
pifydcmt, oigmkmt
meufalajmc,
pifurufdf mftdci
futrmsm odf
dfiemd.
FAK 0 _mssui Mftijrmty 0 [cmf
dfo Eukaus Eiehrdfis
Crmtirmd Bdsml 0
Mftijrmtds culmt ydfj hdmc
hmsd ompirtdbdfcdf (sifsdsm,
ildstmsmtds, tiepirdtur, bmordsm,
pmjeiftdsm)
_modc dod lucd/lism pdod
culmt
^irgusm `drmfjdf hdmc
Eifuf`uccdf piedbdedf
odlde prasis pirhdmcdf culmt
odf eifkijdb tir`domfyd
sioird hiruldfj
Edepu eilmfoufjm culmt
odf eiepirtdbdfcdf
ciliehdhdf culmt odf
pirdwdtdf dldem
FMK 0 ^rissuri
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Df`urcdf pdsmif uftuc
eifjjufdcdf pdcdmdf ydfj
lafjjdr
Bmfodrm cirutdf pdodd
tiepdt tmour
@djd cihirsmbdf culmt djdr
titdp hirsmb odf cirmfj
Eahmlmsdsm pdsmif (uhdb
pasmsm pdsmif) sitmdp oud `de
sicdlm
Eafmtar culmt dcdf dodfyd
cieirdbdf
Aliscdf latmaf dtdu
emfydc/hdhy aml pdod oirdb
ydfj tirticdf
Eafmtar dctmvmtds odf
eahmlmsdsm pdsmif
Eafmtar stdtus futrmsm
pdsmif
Eiedfomcdf pdsmif
oifjdf sdhuf odf dmr bdfjdt
ODG_DX ^Y[_DCD
Kdrpifmta, L.@. 8>>;. Xifkdfd Dsubdf & Oacueiftdsm Cipirdwdtdf. @dcdrtd0 IJK
@abfsaf, E., it dll. 8>>>. Fursmfj Autkaeis Kldssmgmkdtmaf (FAK) [ikafo Iomtmaf. Fiw
@irsiy0 Yppir [dooli Xmvir
@uodrwdfta, Z. 8>>=. Kiremf Oufmd Cioactirdf3 Liptaspmrasms pdod Edfusmd.
@dcdrtd0 Dllirjy Hibdvmaur Klmfmk, ^mkcy Idtirs Klmfmk Xuedb [dcmt Hufod
Edfs`air,
D occ.
8>>:. Cdpmtd
[ilictd
Cioactirdf,
@mlmo Cioud.
@dcdrtd0
Eiomd
Diskuldpmus GCYM
Ek Klasciy, K.@., it dll. 4==7. Fursmfj Mftirviftmafs Kldssmgmkdtmaf (FMK) [ikafo
Iomtmaf. Fiw @irsiy0 Yppir [dooli Xmvir
F[Z
Eultmkulturdl Bidltb Kaeeufmkdtmaf [irvmki. 8>>;. Liptaspmrasms.
odlde bttp0//ebks.bidltb.fsw.jav.du (Omdcsis 8> Gihrudrm 8>48)
Omeudt
[dftasd, Huom. 8>>:. ^dfoudf Omdjfasd Cipirdwdtdf FDFOD 8>>9-8>>7. @dcdrtd0 ^rmed
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