PERAN PERENCANA WILAYAH DAN KOTA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN DI INDONESIA 1. 2. 3. 4. POSITIONING CARA PANDANG TT PARIWISATA PANDANGAN KEDEPAN HARAPAN THD IAP BANDUNG, 20 -02-2021 PARIWISATA & KEPARIWISATAAN • PARIWISATA VS KEPARIWISATAAN • ………..the growth of the tourist industry cannot be left to follow market forces alone … (Pearce, Douglas, 1981 – applied geography) • …. Tourism pl. should seek to coordinate different sectors ……in terms of their time and through SPACE with regard to market demand and specific objectives. • OBJECTIVES ….berbeda pd tingkat yang berbeda: nasional, regional, lokal atau tergantung dari kondisi dan posisi suatu daerah yang direncanakan • ……… although economic objective remains important …….., growing emphasis is being placed on SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL goals MYRA P GUNAWAN 2 Spatial aspect of tourism planning …. Little attempt in the literature to review ….this important field of planning !! !! MYRA P GUNAWAN Source : Jafar Jafari and J. R. B. Ritche 1981 MA JORITAS : PEMASARAN, SOSIOLOGI, REKREASI & LEISURE, EKONOMI & GEOGRAFi; PL & DEVELOPMENT HANYA 6% JURNAL PARIWISATA DAN JURNAL PLANNING ▪ JURNAL PARIWISATA – TDK BANYAK MEMBAHAS TT SPATIAL PLANNING ▪ JURNAL (URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING) – TDK BANYAK MEMBAHAS TT PARIWISATA 3 WHY TOURISM PLANNING PROMOTION HAS ITS PLACE AND CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE ROLE OF MOST TOURISM ORGANIZATION; BUT • MORE AND MORE LEADERS, ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS ARE SHOWING THEIR CONCERN OF WHAT IS TO BE PROMOTED, WHERE IT IS, AND • NOT ONLY HOW WELL IT MEETS THE MARKET NEEDS, BUT ALSO HOW WELL IT FITS THE COMMUNITY; • HOW IT UTILIZE RESOURCES RESPONSIBLY & SUSTAINABLY • WHICH ARE BEYOND BASIC HOSPITALITY BUSINESSES ONCE THOUGHT TO BE THE CORE OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT → PLANNING FOR TOURISM IS MORE THAN THEORY AND IS MORE & MORE BEING SEEN BY MANY AS A PRACTICAL BASIC NECESSITY MYRA P GUNAWAN 4 MENGAPA PROGRAM PERENCANAAN KEPARIWISATAAN ? • UNIVERSITIES HAVE NOT VISUALIZED THE NEW DEMAND FOR PROFESSIONALLY TRAINED PLANNERS WITH EXPERTISE IN TOURISM (GUNN, 1992) → HAL INI MASIH BERLANGSUNG DI INDONESIA …….., meskipun • KEBUTUHAN AKAN PERENCANA CUKUP BESAR & MINAT MAHASISWA TT PARIWISATA CKP BESAR, SEJAK 1970 AN, • PERMINTAAN DR DITJENPAR (1980-AN)…. • MK PILIHAN, PUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENERBITAN JURNAL MENDAHULUI DIBUKANYA PROGRAM S2PAR – YG MSIH TERUS BERJUANG UNTUK MENCAPAI AMBANG BATAS UNTUK MENJADI SUATU KELOMPOK KEAKHLIAN KHUSUS MYRA P GUNAWAN 5 KEBUTUHAN VS SEDIAAN SIAPA YG MEMBUTUHKAN ? • • • • PEMERINTAH , 34 PROV, 93 KOTA & 421 KAB, SEJUMLAH DESA/PERDESAAN DIANTARA 72.944 : RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT; SEJUMLAH NATIONAL PARKS (Taman Nasional, FOREST RECREATION PARK (Taman Hutan Raya), NATURE PARK (Taman Wisata Alam) and other FOREST AREAs (Perhutani); PRIVATE OWNED RESORTS & ESTABLISHMENT MYRA P GUNAWAN BERAPA YANG TERSEDIA ? • • SIAPA YANG DAPAT (BERHAK) DISEBUT /MENYEBUT DIRINYA SEBAGAI TOURISM PLANNER ? SELURUH LULUSAN PWK KAH ? LULUSAN PROGRAM STUDI PARIWISATA YG SEKARANG BANYAK TERSEBAR DG PROGRAM S2-S3 JUGA ??? BANYAK LAINNYA YANG JUGA MERASA TAHU & 6 BISA ??? CARA PANDANG TENTANG PARIWISATA/KEPARIWISATAAN CARA PANDANG TT PARIWISATA VS PLANNERS & PLANNING • PARIWISATA SEBAGAI BISNIS • PARIWISATA SEBAGAI INDUSTRI • • • • PARIWISATA SEBAGAI HUMAN EXPERIENCE PERILAKU SOSIAL PARIWISATA SEBAGAI FENOMENA GEOGRAFIK TOURISM AS A RESOURCE MYRA P GUNAWAN APA TUGAS PLANNER ? PENGETAHUAN APA YANG DIPERLUKAN ? CARA PANDANG MANA YANG HARUS DIANUT ??? TANPA MENGABAIKAN CARA PANDANG LAIN; PARIWISATA HARUS DIPANDANG SBG SUATU SISTEM YG MELANDASI PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN TIDAK TERBATAS KPD SISTEM ANTAR DAERAH/NEGARA ASAL & TUJUAN; TETAPI JUGA BANYAK SISTEM-SISTEM YG LAIN SISTEM PERENCANAAN & KERJASAMA ANTAR INSTANSI, DAN ANTAR PEMANGKU (Stephen Smith, Tourism Analysis) 8 KOMPLEKSITAS SISTEM KEPARIWISATAAN (1) (2) MYRA P. GUNAWAN 9 (1) MYRA P. GUNAWAN 10 (2) MYRA P. GUNAWAN 11 KEBERHASILAN DESTINASI & CATATAN PENTING LAIN • Dalam laporan UNWTO tentang City Tourism Performance Research, ada 10 faktor keberhasilan: (i) LONG TERM VISION and STRATEGIC PL; (ii) Public nad Private involvement,(iii) Economic support, (iv) AUTHENTICITY, (v) COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, (vi) CULTURAL HERITAGE INVESTMENT, (vii) PRODYCT DEVELOPMENT; (viii) events, (ix) POLICY for STD and management; (x) technology • 80 % wstw global berasal dari (penduduk) kota; TIONGKOK: KUNJUNGAN KE PERDESAAAN = 300 JUTA/TH DAN 70% penduduk urban memilih perdesaan sebagai destinasi; • Di Indonesia, wstw nusantara terbanyak berasal dr dan menuju ke JATIM, JABAR, JATENG dan DKI, neraca masuk – keluar, semua positif kecuali DKI; di LUAR JAWA : SUMUT dan BALI (keduanya positif) MYRA P GUNAWAN 12 UU NO 10-2009/PP50-2011 – THE POLITICS OF TOURISM CAKUPAN PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN (DAN PERENCANAANNYA) • PEMBANGUNAN DESTINASI • PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI (SANGAT MEWARNAI UU SEBELUMNYA … NO 9-1990) • PENGEMBANGAN PASAR • PENGEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KEPUTUSAN POLITIK; ………. WHERE TOURISM SUCCEED OR FAILS IS LARGELY A FUNCTION OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION AND IS NOT A FUNCTION OF ECONOMIC OR BUSINESS EXPERTISE (Linda Richter, 1989) DESTINASI PRIORITAS !!! • Th 60-an juga banyak keputusan politik di Jakarta (HI, Sarinah, Senayan, Monas ….: untuk ‘internasionalisasi’ elemen2 pariwisata di ibukota dengan identitas Indonesia!) • CONTOH KEPUTUSAN POLITIK TENTANG 10 MYRA P GUNAWAN 13 INTEGRASI PERENCANAAN KEPARIWISATAAN KE DALAM RENCANA TATA RUANG TANTANGAN – - CAKUPAN PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN YANG TERKAIT DENGAN PENGEMBANGAN DESTINASI SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI MUATAN DALAM RENCANA TATA RUANG : NASIONAL LOKAL - APAKAH DG DEMIKIAN PEDOMAN PERENCANAAN KOTA/PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN PERLU DIKEMBANGKAN ? - BAGAIMANA PLANNER TATA RUANG DAPAT BEKERJA SAMA DENGAN PLANNER PRODUK PRWST’ PERMASALAHAN: ▪ PLANNER TR DALAM TUNTUTAN INTER/TRANSDISIPLIN SERINGKALI MERASA TAHU SEMUA ▪ PEMAHAMAN TENTANG PASAR DAN PRODUK ▪ BANYAK PIHAK MERASA TAHU TT PARIWISATA, SBG YG IDENTIK DG PENGALAMAN PRIBADI/KELOMPOK SBG WISATAWAN… ATAU PENGARUH BERITA2 DAN MEDSOS MYRA P GUNAWAN 14 TANTANGAN LAIN - PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI TDK IDENTIK DENGAN PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS !! PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI MEMIKIRKAN MATA RANTAI PRODUK PARIWISATA !! - PENGEMBANGAN PASAR – MENINGKATKAN PANGSA PASAR TTT & MENGEMBANGKAN PASAR SESUAI DENGAN KEUNIKAN PRODUK POTENSIAL DIKEMBANGKAN; - KELEMBAGAAN – HARUS DICIPTAKAN SSD FUNGSI DAN PERAN YG DIHARAPKAN (MASALAH NOMENKLATUR ???) SEBAGAI BIDANG SPESIALISASI, ………… PLANNER DAPAT MENDALAMI MASALAH INDUSTRI PARIWISATA, PEMASARAN ATAU MASALAH YG MENYANGKUT MATRA KEPARIWISATAAN LAINNYA DILUAR MASALAH TATA MYRA P GUNAWAN 15 RUANG KESENJANGAN: “TATA RUANG” (KE)PARIWISATA(AN) & DESTINASI TATA RUANG NASIONAL KEPARIWISTAAN INDONESIA ? PP 50-2011 – TDK TERKAIT DG SEKTOR/UNSUR LAIN MYRA P GUNAWAN 17 ‘TATA RUANG’ REGIONAL DALAM PP 50-2011 ”STRUKTUR” RUANG/”PUSAT” PARIWISATA ?? MYRA P GUNAWAN 18 ‘GENERAL CHECK UP OF DESTINATION’S 10 As üAWARENESS – well known & popular GEOPARK status will improve awareness DESTINATION’S üATTRACTIVENESS – bio- geocultural diversity are there IMAGE COMPETITIVENESS • AVAILABILITY – limited variation PERFORMANCE and access to online services No, LOS üACCESS – progressing, ; infrastructure lifecycle is short; traffic distribution,limited flight connections • APPEARANCE – many nice Source: Morrison, A.M natural appearance have been poorly treated 2013 MYRA P GUNAWAN Marketing and managing Destinations Routledge, page 20, • ACTIVITIES – limited option available, as mentioned in tourists notes; • ASSURANCE quality of water, implementation of safety and security measures; road safety due to landslides and others; • APPRECIATION – there are still many complains about behavior front liners: eg drivers from Medan/kuala Namu • ACTION; implementation of plans is limited, no marketing plan as such, limited to promotion • ACCOUNTABILITY – no formal monitoring and/for evaluation; 19 50 10 AIMS - TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN Economic growth – PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI cultural development – MEMA JUKAN KEBUDAYAAN Community welfare – KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT Image of the nation – MENGANGKAT CITRA BANGSA Poverty eradicationPENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN Love of the country – MEMUPUK RASA CINTA TANAH AIR 10 AIMS of INDONESIA TOURISM Strengthening and unity of the nation MEMPERKUKUH JATIDIRI DAN KESATUAN BANGSA Environment and resource Enhance international friendship -sustainability – MELESTARIKAN ALAM, MEMPERERAT PERSAHABATAN ANTAR LINGKUNGAN DAN SUMBERDAYA BANGSA MYRA P GUNAWAN 20 Employment creation – MENGATASI PENGGANGGURAN OPTIONS/APPROACHES FOR TOURISM PLANNING EDUCATION (RITCHIE , GUNN) • TOURISM PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES TO BE ADDED TO EXISTING CURRICULA IN ARCHITECTURE, URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN; • SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY (TOURISM ) MANAGEMENT TO BE MODIFIED TO INCLUDE TOURISM PLANNING • CONSIDERING MANY OTHER DISCIPLINES THAT HAVE IMPORTANT BEARING ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT : ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHEOLOGY, HISTORY, MARKETING, FORESTRY, GEOGRAPHY, POLITICAL SCIENCE ……… THEY NEED ADDITION TO THEIR CURRICULA ON TOURISM PLANNING RELATIONSHIP →ITB TRIES TO PUT ALL THREE OPTIONS TOGETHER INTO THE PROGRAM MYRA P GUNAWAN 21 ITB ‘COMBINE’ THE THREE APPROACHES • STARTING WITH ELECTIVE COURSE ON TOURISM IN REGIONAL AND CITY PLANNING UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM → MASTER PROGRAM IN TOURISM PLANNING; • THE MASTER PROGRAM IS DESIGNED BY COMBINING PLANNING & TOURISM SUBJECTS; UNDERLINING THE NEED FOR INTER/TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN TOURISM PLANNING. • ACCEPTING STUDENTS FROM TOURISM & HOSPITALITY GRADUATES AS WELL AS GRADUATES FROM OTHER DISCIPLINES → CREATING A MIXED GROUPS TO INTERACT AND COLLABORATE IN TOURISM PLANNING EXERCISES; PLANNERS TO BE AWARE OF THE INPUT NEEDED FROM OTHER DISCIPLINE/S, AND ON THE OTHER HAND, THE OTHER DISCIPLINES UNDERSTAND HOW THEY CAN POSITIONED THEMSELVES IN THE PALNNING EXERCISES. MYRA P GUNAWAN 22 S2 PAR = MAGISTER PROGRAM ON TOURISM PLANNING INTAKES DURING THE PREVIOUS YEARS: • • • • • • ARCHITECTURE, URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNER TOURISM MANAGEMENT & HOSPITALITY, RESORT MGMT, HOTEL MGMT, ELEKTRICAL ENG, INTERIOR DESIGN, MARINE ENG., AGRIBUSINESS, MARKETING, SOCIAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, COMMUNICATION, INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY & LANGUAGES MYRA P GUNAWAN 23 PANDANGAN KE DEPAN … PESAN REKTOR • ITB IS COMMITED TO HARMONIZE EDUCATION AND SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY WITH HUMANITY AND COMMUNITY TO IMPROVE SOLIDARITY AND SOCIAL WELL BEING…. • ITB IS ALSO COMMITTED TO RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGE FACED BY THE NATION THROUGH MULTI AD TRANSDICIPLINARY EDUCATION, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND RELEVANT COMMUNITY SERVICES CREATING AN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM TO IMPROVE COMPETITIVENESS • CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT TO BE DEVELOPED TO SPEED UP THE PROCESS OF BECOMING A LOCALLLT RELEVANT AND GLOBALLY RESPECTED INSTITUTION MYRA P GUNAWAN 25 VISION OF THE SCHOOL FOR ARCH, PL & POLICY DEV’T • SAPPK 2024 : BEYOND BOUNDARIES : PROGRAM, SPATIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL • INCLUSIVE – MULTI, INTER & TRANSDISCIPLINES COLLABORATION & INTEGRATION • ADAPTIVE - IN RESPONDING TO DYNAMIC CHANGES OF NEEDS • FLEXIBLE – IN COPING WTH CHANGING POLICIES MYRA P GUNAWAN 26 BEYOND BOUNDARIES UNTUK PROGRAM PRWST • INCLUSIVE: ACCEPTING STUDENTS FROM MANY DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS, • ADAPTIVE: TO CHANGING NEEDS/MARKET + ELECTIVE COURSES & COPING WITH STUDENT’S INTEREST • FLEXIBLE : MANAGEMENT IN COPING WITH CHANGING POLICIES & AVAILABLE OPPORTUITIES ETC. MYRA P GUNAWAN 27 TANTANGAN BAGI IAP APA YANG DIHARAPKAN DARI IAP • MENEGASKAN SIAPA YANG DAPAT DISEBUT SBG TOURISM PLANNER ? • APAKAH PERLU ADA SERTIFIKASI KHUSUS ? • BAGAIMANA MENINDAKLANJUTI INTEGRASI ANTARA PERENCANAAN DESTINASI DAN PERENVCANAAN TATA RUANG SECARA MELEMBAGA? • MENYUARAKAN PERLUNYA PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK HUKUM/PEDOMAN2 RENCANA TR YANG ADA? • MENYUARAKAN LEBIH KERAS TT PERAN PLANNER DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN ??? MYRA P GUNAWAN 29 TERIMA KASIH & SAMPAI JUMPA