DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................... i PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ...................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... iii ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. x DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR TAEBL ......................................................................................... xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................... Tujuan ...................................................................................................... Pembatasan Masalah ................................................................................ Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................. 1 3 4 4 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 6 2.1 Kapasitansi ............................................................................................... 2.2 Tomografi ................................................................................................ 2.3 Arduino Uno ............................................................................................ 2.4 Operasional Amplifier (Op-Amp) ............................................................ 2.4.1 Penguat Tak-Membalik (Non-Inverting Amplifier) ....................... 2.4.2 Penguat Pembalik (Inverting Amplifier) ........................................ 2.5 Filter Analog ............................................................................................ 2.5.1 Low Pass Filter (LPF) .................................................................... 2.5.2 High Pass Filter (HPF) .................................................................. 2.6 Rangkaian Pengukur Kapasitansi Berbasis PSD ..................................... 2.6.1 Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) ...................................................... 2.6.2 AC-Based ....................................................................................... 2.6.3 Rangkaian Inverting Amplifier (Penguat Pembalik)........................ 2.6.4 Analog Multiplier ........................................................................... 2.6.5 Rangkaian Low-pass filter (LPF) ................................................... 2.7 Karakteristik Alat Ukur ............................................................................ 6 8 11 11 13 15 16 19 21 23 24 27 29 30 32 33 x BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ................................................... 35 3.1 Tahapan Penelitian ................................................................................... 35 3.1.1 Diagram Alir ................................................................................... 35 3.1.2 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................... 36 3.2 Perbandingan Metode Penelitian ............................................................. 36 3.2.1 Eksperimen Pengukuran Kapasitor Menggunakan Arduino Uno .. 36 3.2.2 Eksperimen Pengukuran Kapasitor Menggunakan Rangkaian Berbasis PSD .................................................................................................. 37 3.3 Pengambilan Data Eksperimen ................................................................ 41 3.3.1 Pengujian Rangkaian PSD .............................................................. 41 3.3.2 Pengambilan Data Pengukuran Kapasitor Rankaian PSD .............. 41 3.3.3 Pengambilan Data Pengukuran Kapasitor Rangkaian Arduino ...... 41 3.4 Pengolahan Data Eksperimen .................................................................. 42 3.4.1 Menentukan Nilai Ketelitian (Akurasi) .......................................... 42 3.4.2 Menentukan Nilai Ketepatan (Presisi) ............................................ 42 3.4.3 Menetukan Nilai Linieritas ............................................................. 43 3.4.4 Menentukan Nilai Sensitivitas ........................................................ 43 3.4.5 Menentukan Nilai Stabilitas ........................................................... 43 3.4.6 Perbandingan Karakteristik Alat Ukur ........................................... 43 3.5 Uji Coba Kedua Metode Pengukuran dengan Sensor ECVT 8 Elektrode ................................................................................................................... 43 3.6 Perhitungan Cx (Cx’) ............................................................................... 44 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................................... 46 4.1 Hasil Penujian ........................................................................................... 4.1.1 Alat Ukur Kapasitansi Berbasis Rangkaian PSD ........................... 4.1.2 Alat Ukur Kapasitansi Berbasis Arduino Uno R3 .......................... 4.2 Data Eksperimen ...................................................................................... 4.2.1 Data Pengukuran Kapasitor Rangkaian PSD .................................. 4.2.2 Data Pengukuran Kapasitor Rangkaian Arduino ............................ 4.3 Analisa Karakteristik Alat Ukur .............................................................. 4.3.1 Ketelitian (Akurasi) ........................................................................ 4.3.2 Ketepatan (Presisi) .......................................................................... 4.3.3 Sensitivitas ...................................................................................... 4.3.4 Linieritas ......................................................................................... 4.3.5 Stabilitas ......................................................................................... 4.3.6 Perbandingan Karakteristik Alat Ukur ........................................... 4.4 Data Hasil Uji Coba Alat dengan Sensor ECVT 8 Elektrode .................. 4.4.1 Keadaan Kosong ............................................................................. 4.4.2 Keadaan Terdapat Objek Air .......................................................... 4.5 Analisis Hasil Uji Coba Alat dengan Sensor ECVT 8 Elektrode ............ 4.6 Keadaan Kosong ...................................................................................... 46 46 51 51 51 54 56 56 57 58 58 59 60 61 61 62 64 64 xi 4.7 Keadaan terdapat Objek Air ..................................................................... 65 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................ 66 5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 66 67 Daftar Pustaka Lampiran xii