Article Articles is an adjective. It can modify nouns. English has two articles (the, a/ an). We can also call “the” a definite article, it means that “the” is used to refer specific or particular nouns and “a, an” as indefinite article is used to modify nonspecific or non – particular nouns. a AND THE “Let’s read the book”, I mean a specific book “Let’s read a book”, I mean any book A/ an "A/an" is used to refer to a non- specific or non-particular member of the group. "I would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not talking about Examples: a specific movie. We're talking about any movie. There are many movies, and I want to see any movie. I don't have a specific one in mind. "Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't need a specific policeman; we need any policeman who is available. Remember, using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word. So... a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a unicycle an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse In some cases where "h" is pronounced, such as "historical," you can use an. However, a is more commonly used and preferred. A historical event is worth recording. A and an are also used when talking about your profession,examples: an english teacher, a builder The The as definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. Examples: The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me. "I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular policeman. Even if we don't know the policeman's name, it's still a particular policeman because it is the one who saved the cat. Here's another way to explain it: The is used to refer to a specific orThe particular member of a group. For example, "I just saw the most popular movie of the year." There are many movies, but only one particular movie is the most popular. Therefore, we use ‘the.” 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. The with adjectives used as nouns The British The poor The in phrases after words expressing quantity Most of the students Many of the persons The majority of the teachers Notes about the: Something unique/ When there is only one thing mentioned such as Eg: The sun is shining. The sky is blue. When it is clear both the speaker and the listener which thing or person is referred to E.g: Could you open the door please? ( both the speaker and the listener know which door it is). Before a noun mentioned for the second time E.g: A bird flew into the classroom.The bird sat on my desk. Before superlatives adjectives E.g : The biggest island is Greenland The most beautiful girl in the class is Anisa Before ordinal numbers (the definite article is not used with cardinal numbers): Ordinal Cardinal The first One The second day Day two The sixth lesson Lesson six The Before names of countries, states, cities, universities, colleges, and school, that contain the word of, and before countries that have s plural name or have an adjective in the name, except for Great Britain: The United States of America The University of Texas The State of Florida The Netherlands No article For liquid and non countable thing Eg: Water is important for our life. Milk is good for children Do not use article before the names of contries, except where they indivate multiple area/ contain words state, kingdom, republic, union Eg: Italy, Mexico With names of holidays Eg: Lebaran, Christmas, Thanksgiving but The fourth of July For many places like continents, countries, cities, lakes, streets, parks in the form of singular Eg: Lake Toba, Central park For names of magazine Eg: Lfe, Vogue For sports Eg: football, tennis Names of academic subjects Eg: Biology, Mathematics IN CONCLUSION "A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group. The as definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. Exercises: Fill in the blank with a/ an / the 1. Sukarno was …the…. first president in Indonesia. 2. I am studying in..the… State Islamic Institute of Surakarta 3. The students study structure for ……an… hour 4. Most of …the…. people still believe in myth.
