BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................................5 A. Latar belakang..........................................................................................................5 B. Permasalahan...........................................................................................................7 C. Tujuan......................................................................................................................8 1. Tujuan umum.....................................................................................................8 2. Tujuan khusus....................................................................................................8 D. Sasaran.....................................................................................................................9 E. Skema alur dan rujukan pasien stroke....................................................................10 BAB 2 METODOLOGI...........................................................................................................12 A. Pertanyaan klinis utama.........................................................................................12 B. Penelusuran kepustakaan.......................................................................................12 C. Peringkat bukti dan derajat rekomendasi...............................................................13 BAB 3 STROKE......................................................................................................................14 A. Definisi...................................................................................................................14 B. Epideiologi.............................................................................................................14 C. Pencegahan primer.................................................................................................15 1. Faktor risiko.....................................................................................................15 a. Riwayat keluarga........................................................................................15 b. Penyakit kardiovaskuler..............................................................................15 c. Hipertensi....................................................................................................15 d. Merokok......................................................................................................16 e. Diabetes......................................................................................................16 f. Dislipidemia...............................................................................................16 g. Fibrilasi Atrium..........................................................................................17 h. Patent foramen ovale (PFO).......................................................................17 i. Penyakit jantung lain..................................................................................18 j. Stenosis karotis asimtomatik......................................................................18 k. Sickle cell disease.......................................................................................19 l. Polisitemia..................................................................................................20 m. Terapi sulih hormon....................................................................................20 n. Kontrasepsi oral..........................................................................................20 o. Obesitas dan lemak tubuh...........................................................................20 2. Modifikasi gaya hidup......................................................................................21 a. Diet dan Nutrisi..........................................................................................21 b. Aktivitas Fisik............................................................................................21 c. Mengatur pola makan yang sehat...............................................................21 d. Penanganan stress dan beristirahat yang cukup.........................................24 3. Pemeriksaan kesehatan teratur dan taat anjuran dokter perihal diet dan obat..24 D. Perawatan fase hiperakut........................................................................................25 1. Manajemen pra rumah sakit.............................................................................25 2. Manajemen rumah sakit...................................................................................27 a. Tata laksanan di ruang gawat darurat........................................................27 b. Tata laksanan umum di ruang rawat..........................................................33 3.