Penyakit Jantung Anak: Congenital Heart Diseases & Murmurs

Penyakit Jantung Anak
Normal heart pressure
Normal heart saturation
Normal heart saturation
Chapter 21. The Heart: I. Structure & Function;
Congenital Diseases
Concise pathology 3 edition
Cardiac Cycle
Source : Lauralee S. Introduction to Human Physiology.
2012;1–773
Atrial septal
defect
Ventricular
Septal Defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by four associated
anomalies(1) A ventricular septal defect, (2) obstruction
to right ventricular outflow (jagged arrow), (3) an
overriding aorta that receives blood from both
ventricles, and (4) right ventricular hypertrophy. Ao,
aorta; IVC, in erior vena cava; LA, le t atrium; LV , left
ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery; RA, right atrium; RV ,
right ventricle; SVC, superior vena cava.
Transposition of
the Great
Arteries
Patent
Ductus
Arteriosus
Pulmonic
valve
stenosis
Aortic
Stenosis
DORV
7 poin deskripsi murmur
• Murmurs can be classified by seven different characteristics:
1. Timing  terjadi saat sistol, diastol, atau kontinyu (mulai
pada sistol dan berlanjut ke diastol)?
2. Intensity  diklasifikasikan lebih lanjut dengan grading
(sistol 6 grade, diastol 4 grade)
3. Pitch  frekuensi murmur : high frequency (large pressure
gradient antara ruang jantung, co : AS) atau low frequency
(pressure gradient kurang, co : MS)
4. Shape : bagaimana murmur berganti intensitasnya dari
onset hingga berakhir ; co crescendo, uniform, crescendodecrescendo
5. Location : regio intensitas maksimum, biasanya
dideskripsikan berdasarkan area auskultatori
6. Radiation
7. Response to maneuvers : seperti berdiri, Valsava
maneuver, mengepalkan tangan
Murmurs are blowing, whooshing, or rasping sounds. They are the
result of vibrations caused by turbulent blood flow patterns. This
can happen when a valve does not close tightly (such as with mitral
regurgitation), or when the blood is flowing through a narrowed
opening or a stiff valve (such as with aortic stenosis).
GRADING MURMUR