PERANAN SUMBER DAYA HUTAN DAN INDUSTRI KEHUTANAN

PERANAN
SUMBERDAYA HUTAN DAN INDUSTRI KEHUTANAN
DALAM PEMBANGUNAN JANGKA PANJANG KEDUA
Oleh:
G i n a n d j a rK a r t a s a s m i t a
M e n t e r iN e g a r aP e r e n c a n a a P
n e m b a n g u n a nN a s i o n a l /
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S e m i n a rN a s i o n a lW
: A J A H H U T A N I N D O N E S I AA B A D 2 1
J a k a r t a ,2 J u n i 1 9 9 4
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PERANAN
SUMBERDAYA
HUTANDAN INDUSTRI
KEHUTANAN
DALAMPEMBANGUNAN
JANGKAPANJANGKEDUA
Oleh:
Gi n andjarKar tasasm ita
M e n t e r iN e g a r aP e r e n c a n a aPne m b a n g u n aNn a s i o n a l /
K etuaBAPPENAS
PENDAHULUAN
1.
M a s y a r a k astu d a hl a m am e n g e n adl a n m e n g a m b im
l a n f a a td a r ia d a n y as u m b e r
d a y a h u t a n , b a h k a ns a m p a is e k a r a n gi n i m a s i h b a n y a km a s y a r a k ayt a n g s u m b e r
k e h i d u p a n n ytae r g a n t u n gk e p a d as u m b e rd a y a h u t a n s e p e r t im a s y a r a k atte r a s i n g ,
p e l a d a n gb e r p i n d a hd, a n b a h k a nm a s y a r a k apt e d e s a a nd i s e k i t a rh u t a n , M a n f a a t
s u m b e rd a y a h u t a nl e b i hl u a sl a g i ,t i d a k h a n y ad i n i k m a toi l e h p e n d u d u ks e t e m p a td i
d a l a md a nd i s e k i t ahr u t a nt e t a p i j u g ao l e hp a r ap e n g u s a hsae r t am a s y a r a k ayta n gl e b i h
l u a sd a nb a h k a no l e hm a s y a r a k adtu n i a B
. e n t u km a n f a a t n yjau g al e b i hb e r a n e k a r a g a m ,
m u l a i d a r i m a n f a a t e k o n o m i s e p e r t i p e n y e d i a a nl a p a n g a n k e r j a , p e n d a p a t a n
n e v i s a ,s a m p a i k e p a d am a n f a a t l i n g k u n g a ns e p e r t i
m a s y a r a k a td, a n p e n g h a s i l a d
p e l e s t a r i a nk e a n e k a r a g a m ahna y a t i , p e m e l i h a r a a n
iklim dunia dan pencegahan
p e m a n a s a bn u m i .
2 . S e b e n a r n ysae j a ka w a l b a n g s aI n d o n e s itae l a hm e m a h a mai r t i p e n t i n g n y a
sumber
d a y a h u t a n b a i k d a l a mt a t a - n i l ab
a a u p u nd a l a m b e r b a g a i
i u d a y am a s y a r a k a t n y m
i U D ' 4 5 ,G B H Nd a n R E P E L I T AB. e r b a g aui s a h a
a r a h a np e m b a n g u n afno r m a ls e p e r t U
t e l a hd i l a k u k a n
u n g s ih u t a n .D i l a i nf i h a ks u m b e l
o l e hm a s y a r a k autn t u km e l e s t a r i k af n
h u t a n h a r u sp u l a b e r p e r a nd a l a mm e n i n g k a t k akne m a m p u a ne k o n o m ib a n g s a ,O l e h
k a r e n ai t u h uta na l a md i ma n fa a tka untuk
n
meningkatkan
kem ampuanekonom ibangs a
I n d o n e s i as, e k a l i g u sd i l e s t a r i k aang a r f u n g s i n y as e b a g a p
i e m a s o kb a h a nb a k u d a n
p e n y a n g g ap e r i k e h i d u p a tne r u s b e r l a n g s u nsge c a r ab e r k e l a n j u t a n .
3.
L a n d a s a np e m b a n g u n a kne h u t a n a na d a l a hP a s a l3 3 A y a t 3 U U D ' 4 5 , y a n g
menyatakab
n a h w ab u m id a n a i r d a n k e k a y a a n
y a n gt e r k a n d u n d
g i d a l a m n y ad i k u a s a i
o l e h N e g a r ad a n d i p e r g u n a k aunn t u ks e b e s a r - b e s kaer m a k m u r a n
rakyat.
4.
G a r i s - g a r i sB e s a r H a l u a n N e g a r a ( G B H N ) 1 9 9 3 m e n g a m a n a t k a nb a h w a
p e n d a y a g u n a asnu m b e r d a y a l a m h u t a n d i l a k s a n a k asne c a r at e r e n c a n a r, a s i o n a l ,
o p t i m a l ,b e r t a n g g u njga w a bd a n s e s u adi e n g a nk e m a m p u a d
n a y ad u k u n g n y ad e n g a n
m e n g u t a m a k asne b e s a r - b e s ka er m a k m u r a n
r a k y a ts e r t a m e m p e r h a t i k akne l e s t a r i a n
f u n g s id a n k e s e i m b a n g al n
i n g k u n g a nh i d u p b a g i p e m b a n g u n ayna n g b e r k e l a n j u t a n .
P e m b a n g u n akne h u t a n adni l a k s a n a k abne r d a s a r k aans a sm a n f a a d
t a nk e s e r a s i asne r t a
k e s e l a r a s a nd a l a m k e h i d u p a n .P e m b a n g u n a nk e h u t a n a nb e r t u m p u p a d a T r i l o g i
pembangungan
d a n d i m a k s u d k a nu n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a np e r a n s e r t a e, f i s i e n s id a n
p r o d u k t i v i t as
ra kya td a l a mme n j a g akelestar ian
sum berdaya hutandan m eningkat k an
p r o d u k shi a s i l - h a shi u
l t a n .P e m b a n g u n akne h u t a n a m
n e n c a k u pb e r b a g aai s p e ks e p e r t i
p e n i n g k a t am
n a n f a ah
t u t a nb a g im a s y a r a k adta np e n d a p a t anne g a r ak, e l e s t a r i ahnu t a n
d a n p e m e l i h a r a a nf u n g s i l i n g k u n g a nh i d u p , p e n i n g k a t a np r o d u k s i h a s i l h u t a n ,
p e n i n g k a t a rne h a b i l i t a shiu t a nd a n t a n a h k r i t i s ,p e r a n s e r t m
a a s y a r a k a tp, e n g u r u s a n
h u t a nb e r s a m ad a e r a hp, e n y e m p u r n a apne m u k i m a n
m a s y a r a k apt e l a d a n gb e r p i n d a h ,
p e n i n g k a t a nk e m a m p u a np e n g u s a h a ahnu t a n y a n g b e r k e l a n j u t adna n p e n i n g k a t a n
p e r a n a ni l m u p e n g e t a h u adna n t e k n o l o gdi a l a mp e m b a n g u n akne h u t a n a n .
5'
U n t u km e m a n t a p k apne r a ns u m b e rd a y ah u t a nd a l a mp e m b a n g u n anna s i o n a l ,
m a k a p e r l ut e r u s d i l a k s a n a k abne r b a g aki a i d a hp e n g e l o l a asnu m b e r d a y a l a m y a n g
b e r k e l a n j u t a ny,a n g d i s a m p i n gm e m b e r ik e m a n f a a t a nm a s a k i n i j u g a m e n j a m i n
k e h i d u p a nm a s a d e p a n , S u m b e rd a y a h u t a n y a n g m e r u p a k a ns u m b e rd a y a y a n g
terbarukan
h a r u sd i k e l o l a
s e d e m i k i arnu p as e h i n g g fau n g s i n y ad a p a ts e l a l ut e r p e l i h a r a
s e p a n j a n gm a s ad a n m e m b e r m
i a n f a a tb a g im a s y a r a k al tu a s .
6 . D a l a mm e n u n j a n p
g e r t u m b u h adna n s t a b i l i t a se k o n o m i m
, a k ap e r a ns u m b e rd a y a
h u t a na d a l a hm e n d u k u n gp e n g e m b a n g ai n d u s t rki e h u t a n a nd a l a mb a t a sk e l e s t a r i a n
h u t a n n y ad a n m e n g g a l ib e r b a g asi u m b e ra l a mh u t a nb a r ub a g ip e n i n g k a t apne n y e d i a a n b a h a nb a k uy a n g l e b i hb e r a n e k a r a g abma g ii n d u s t r iP
. e m b a n g u n asnu m b e rd a y a
h u t a nm e r u p a k a b
n a g i a np u l ad a r iu p a y an a s i o n adl a l a mp e n i n g k a t adna n p e m e r a t a a n
p e r t u m b u h aenk o n o mai n t a rd a e r a hp, e n y e d i a alna p a n g a kne r j a ,p e m b a n g u n adna e r a h
m i s k i n d a n t e r p e n c i l ,p e n g e m b a n g apne r a n s e r t am a s y a r a k a d
t an usahanasional
t e r u t a m ay a n gk e c i ld a nm e n e n g a hp, e n g e n t a s akne m i s k i n a ns,e r t ap e l e s t a r i afnu n g s i
lingkungah
n i d u p , O l e hk a r e n ai t u p u l a ,m a k at u g a sm e l e s t a r i k asnu m b e rd a y ah u t a n
m e n j a d i t a n g g u n g j a wsaebm u ao r a n g: m a s y a r a k a dt ,u n i au s a h ad a n p e m e r i n t a yha n g
m e n d a p a tm a n f a a td a r i h u t a nt e r s e b u t e r m a s u km a s y a r a k adt u n i ay a n g m e n d a p a t
p e r l i n d u n g adna r i h u t a nk i t a .
PERANAN KEHUTANAN DALAM PJP-1
Pertumbuhan nilai produksi
7.
S a l a h s a t u m o d a l d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a nk e h u t a n a na d a l a h k a w a s a n h u t a n
n e g a r aL
, u a sk a w a s a nh u t a nn e g a r at e r s e b u d
t a l a mP J P - 1a d a l a hs e k i t a r1 4 0 j u t a h a ,
y a n g b e r d a s a r k af nu n g s iu t a m a n y at e r d i r id a r ih u t a np r o d u k s(i 6 4 j u t a h e k t a r ) h
, utan
p r o d u k syi a n g d a p a td i k o n v e r s(i2 7 j u t a h e k t a r ) h
, u t a nl i n d u n g( 3 Oj u t a h e k t a r ) ,d a n
k a w a s a nk o n s e r v a sai l a m ( 1 9 j u t a h e k t a r ) .H a m p i rs e l u r u ha s e t h u t a n l n d o n e s i a
b e r u p ah u t a na l a my a n g s e b a g i a nb e s a rt e r d a p a d
t i S u m a t e r aK, a l i m a n t a nS, u l a w e s i
d a n l r i a nJ a y a .
B. Fungsu
i t a m ah u t a np r o d u k sai d a l a hm e n y e d i a k abna h a nb a k us e c a r al e s t a r u
i ntuk
b e r b a g asi e k t o rp e m b a n g u n a n
t e, r u t a m as e k t o ri n d u s t r i .H u t a np r o d u k syi a n g d a p a t
d i k o n v e r s i k am
n e m p u n y afiu n g s iu t a m am e n y e d i a k abna h a nb a k u i n d u s t r di a n l a h a n
b a g i b e r b a g a ik e g i a t a nl a i n s e p e r t i p e r t a n i a n ,t r a n s m i g r a s id, a n p e m b a n g u n a n
p r a s a r a n ap e m b a n g u n a nS. e d a n g k a nh u t a n l i n d u n g d a n h u t a n k o n s e r v a s a
i lam
m e m p u n y a i - f u n gustia m am e n y e d i a k ajna s al i n g k u n g a bn a g ip e m b a n g u n atne r u t a m a
j a s ap e r l i n d
u n g a nt a t a - a idr a ni k l i m ,p e l e s t a r i akne a n e k a r a g a m ha an y a t d
i a np e n y a n g g a
k e h i d u p a ns, e r t aj a s a i l m u p e n g e t a h u a dn a n w i s a t a . M e s k i p u nb e l u ms e m p u r n a ,
s e l a m aP J P - 1k i t at e l a hb e r h a s im
l e m p e r t a h a n k akna w a s a nh u t a nt e r s e b u t s, e h i n g g a
l n d o n e s i am a s i hm e r u p a k a sn a l a hs a t u n e g a r ay a n g m e m i l i kliu a sh u t a na l a mt r o p i k a
y a n gt e r b e s a d
r i dunia.
9 . S e j a kt a h u n 1 9 6 9 s a m p a is e k a r a n gi n i p e r a n a ns u m b e rd a y a h u t a na l a m d a l a m
p e m b a n g u n ai n d u s t rdi a np e r d a g a n g ai n t e r n a s i o n a l a mbaet s a r .S u m b e d
r a y ah u t a n
t e l a hm e m u n g k i n k at n
u m b u hb e r k e m b a n g n ykae m a m p u ainn d u s t rpi e r k a y u a n a s i o n a l
d a n p a d a ' g i l i r a n n ymae n d o r o n g
e k s p o rh a s i lh u t a nd a l a mj u m l a hd a n n i l a iy a n g c u k u p
b e s a r . S e l a m aP J P - 1 ,n i l a ie k s p o rh a s i lh u t a ns e l a l ub e r a d ad i u r u t a np a l i n ga t a sd a r i
s e m u an i l a ie k s p o rn o n - m i g a sP. a d at a h u n 1 9 9 3 , n i l a ie k s p o rh a s i lh u t a n d a n h a s i l
i n d u s t r i n ym
a e n c a p asi e k i t a r2 6 , 9 V od a r i s e m u an i l a ie k s p o rn o n - m i g a lsn d o n e s i ad,a n
s e d i k i tl e b i ht i n g g id a r i n i l a ie k s p o rp r o d u kt e x t i e ll n d o n e s i ya a n g m e n j a d pi r i m a d o n a
e k s p o ri n d u s t r ki i t a . E k s p o rh a s i lh u t a ni n i a m a t p e n t i n gk a r e n ak o m p o n e ni m p o r n y a
p a l i n gr e n d a hd i b a n d i n g k adne n g a nk o m p o n e ni m p o r d a r i p r o d u k - p r o d ulka i n y a n g
d i e k s p o rs. e h i n g g aa m a t b e s a rp e r a n a n n ydaa l a mp e n g h a s i l adne v i s ad a n p e r b a i k a n
n e r a c ap e m b a y a r a lnu a rn e g e r ib a g in e g a r a .
1 O . S e j a kt a h u n 1 9 6 9 s a m p a id e n g a nt a h u n 1 9 9 2 , i n v e s t a sdi i b i d a n gk e h u t a n a n
r a t a - r a t am e n c a p aR
i p 3 , 3 t r i l i u np e r t a h u n . P a d at a h u n 1 9 9 3 t o t a l i n v e s t a ssi w a s t a
p a d a b i d a n gk e h u t a n a nd i p e r k i r a k am
n e n c a p asi e k i t a rR p 7 , 3 t r i l i u n ,d i m a n aR p 7
t r i l i u n d i a n t a r a n y aa d a l a h i n v e s t a s id a l a m k e g i a t a nH P H . l n d u s t r i p e n g g e r g a j i a n
m e r u p a k a inn d u s t rki e h u t a n a nt e r b e s a ry, a i t us e k i t a r5 6 , 7 p e r s e nd a r i t o t a lk a p a s i t a s
i n d u s t r i . I n d u s t r ki a y u l a p i s ,p u l p d a n m e u b e jl u g a t e r u s b e r k e m b a n g .
1 1 . S u m b e rd a y a h u t a nd a n i n d u s t r i n ytae l a h b e r h a s im
l e n y e d i a k a4n j u t a l a p a n g a n
k e r j ab a g im a s y a r a k al n
t d o n e s i ay,a n gt e r d i r d
i a r i 1 j u t a d a l a mk e g i a t a np e m b a n g u n a n
h u t a nt a n a m a nd a n i n d u s t rpi e r k a y u a n1, , 1 j u t a d a l a mk e g i a t a np e m b a n g u n asna r a n a
d a n p r a s a r a n ap e n d u k u n g ,d a n 2 j u t a d a l a m k e g i a t a nm a s y a r a k apt e d e s a a ny a n g
b e r k a i t a nd e n g a nh u t a nd a n h a s i lh u t a n .
1 2 . S e l a m aP J P - 1s u m b e rd a y a h u t a nd a n i n d u s t r ik e h u t a n a nm e m p u n y api e r a n a n
y a n g p e n t i n gd a l a mp e m b a n g u n aInn d o n e s i aS
. e l u r u hp r o d u k ski e h u t a n a nt ,e r m a s u k
in d u s t r ik e h u ta n a nte
, ru s tu mb u h menjadisekitarUS$ 9 milyarper tahun atau 7 o/o
d a r iG D P .
1 3 . J e n i sh a s i li n d u s t r ki e h u t a n a nl n d o n e s i jau g a t e r u s b e r t a m b a h .D i m u l a di e n g a n
k a y ub u l a tu n t u ke k s p o rd a n k a y ug e r g a j i a nk,e m u d i a nd i i k u t o
i l e hk a y ul a p i sd a n p u l p
s e r t ap e r a l a t a n
r u m a ht a n g g a ,S e h i n g g a
p e r a n a nk e h u t a n a nm e n j a d i s e m a k im
nantap
d a n s e m a k i n l u a s j a n g k a u a n n y ad a l a m p e m b a n g u n a ne k o n o m i I n d o n e s i a .
P e r t u m b u h a inn d u s t r id a l a m n e g e r id a n e k s p o rh a s i lh u t a n y a n g b e r u p ab a h a nj a d i
m e r u p a k a nh a s i l n y a t a d a r i k e b i j a k s a n a apne l a r a n g a ne k s p o r k a y u b u l a t y a n g
d i t e r a p k a nb e r t a h a ps e j a k t a h u n 1 9 8 O d a n d i l a k s a n a k asne p e n u h n y ap a d a t a h u n
1 9 8 5 . l n d o n e s i at e l a h m e n j a d ki e k u a t a ny a n g b e s a rd a l a mi n d u s t r ip e r k a y u a nd a n
d a l a mp e r d a g a n g akna y u t r o p i sd u n i a .
1 4 . P e r k e m b a n g ai nnd u s t rhi a s i lh u t a nm e m e r l u k abna h a nb a k uy a n gl e b i hb a n y a kd a n
l e b i hb e r a n e k a r a g a mP. a d at a h u n 1 9 9 3 k e b u t u h a nb a h a nb a k ui n d u s t ryi a n g t e r k a i t
d e n g a nH P Hd i p e r k i r a k am
n e n c a p asi e k i t a r4 3 j u t a m 3 k a y ub u l a t . K a p a s i t aisn d u s t r i
y a n gt e l a hb e r k e m b a nbge s a ri n i m a s i hb e l u md i i m b a n goi l e hk e m a m p u a h
n u t a ny a n g
a d ay a n gb e r d a s a r k aanz a sk e l e s t a r i ahna n y am a m p um e n y e d i a k abna h a nb a k us e k i t a r
61 o / od a r i k a p a si ta si n d u stri p e n golahanyang ada. Hutan alam Indonesiater us
m e n u r u nb a i k m u t u n y am a u p u nl u a s a n n y aP. a d at a h u n 1 9 9 3 , l u a s k a w a s a nh u t a n
t e t a p y a n g m a s i h p r o d u k t i fm e n c a p aliu a s 9 2 , 4 j u t a h a , d i a n t a r a n y a d a l a hh u t a n
p r o d u k s4i 6 , 1 j u t a h a , d a n h u t a np r o d u k syi a n g d a p a td i k o n v e r s1i 8 , 7 j u t a h a .
15.
U n t u k m e n g h a d a p ik e k u r a n g a ns e d i a a n k a y u y a n g b e r m u t u b a i k t e l a h
d i k e m b a n g k abne r b a g aui p a y a ,s e p e r tpi e n i n g k a t am
n u t u h u t a n ,p e n i n g k a t aenf i s i e n s i
i n d u s t rpi e n g o l a h a nd,a n p e m b a n g u n ahnu t a nt a n a m a ni n d u s t rdi i k a w a s a ny a n gt i d a k
b e r h u t a nS
. e l a m aP E L I T AV s a m p a id e n g a nt a h u n 1 9 9 3 i n i t e l a h b e r h a s idl i b a n g u n
H u t a nT a n a m a nI n d u s t r(i H T l )s e k i t a r1 j u t a h a d a n r e b o i s a shi u t a nl i n d u n gy a n g r u s a k
s e l u a s7 0 0 r i b u h e k t a r .
16.
D a l a mu p a y au n t u km e m e n u hki e b u t u h a nb a h a nb a k ub a g ii n d u s t r ri a k y a td a n
meningkatkap
neranserta
m a s y a r a k adt a l a m p e m b a n g u n a kne h u t a n a nm
, akatelah
d i k e m b a n g h n p u l a h u t a n r a k y a t d a n p e r h u t a n a ns o s i a l . P e n g e m b a n g ahnu t a n
juga untuk meningkatkan
k e m a s y a r a k a t ainn i d i m a k s u d k a n
manfaat hutan bagi
m a s y a r a k adt a n m e n d a y a g u n a k al anh a nm a r g i n asl e k i t a rh u t a n u n t u k a n e k au s a h a
k e h u t a n a ny a n g d i l a k u k a n
o l e hd a n m e m b e r m
i a n f a a tl a n g s u n gb a g im a s y a r a k a t .
17.
H u t a nr a k y a t e r s e b u st u d a hs e j a kl a m at e r d a p a dt i l n d o n e s i aL. e b i hd a r i T Oo / o
k e b u t u h a nb a h a nb a n g u n a n
m u r a hb a g im a s y a r a k apte r d e s a abne r a s adl a r ih u t a na t a u
k e b u nk a y u r a k y a ti n i , K e b u t u h a ne n e r g im u r a hb a g i m a s y a r a k am
t i s k i nd i p e d e s a a n
j u g a d i p e n u hoi l e h k a y u b a k a ry a n g d i h a s i l k a d
n a r i k e b u nk a y u d a n h u t a nr a k y a t .
18. Sampad
i e n g a nt a h u n 1 9 9 2 , m e l a l u ki e g i a t a ns e p e r t ri e b o i s a sdi a n p e n g h i j a u a n ,
pembangunan
hutankemasyarakatan
d ,a n p e r h u t a n a ns o s i a l ,t e l a h d i k e m b a n g k a n
h u t a n r a k y a tb a r u s e k i t a r3 6 5 . 0 0 Oh a . D o r o n g a np a s a ry a n g k u a t t e l a h m e m b a n t u
u p a y ap e n g e m b a n g ahnu t a nr a k y a ti n i ,t e r u t a m au n t u kj e n i s - j e n ki sa y ut e r t e n t us e p e r t i
k a y u s e n g o n d a n b a m b u b e t u n g . P e r a n a nh u t a n r a k y a t d a l a m k e h i d u p a ns o s i a l e k o n o mm
i a s y a r a k at e
t l a ht e r b u k t a
. i d a e r a hp e d e s a a tne r p e n c i lh, u t a n
i m a tp e n t i n gD
r a k y a t e l a hm e m b e r i k asnu m b a n g ayna n gp e n t i n gb a g ip e n d a p a t am
n a s y a r a k amt i s k i n
( 1 0 - 6 0 o / od a r i p e n d a p a t a n b
) ,e l u mt e r h i t u n gn i l a id a r i k a y u b a k a ry a n g d i g u n a k a n
d a l a mk e h i d u p a ns e h a r i - h adr ii d a e r a hp e d e s a a n .
Perlindungan
i 9.
fu ngsi lingku ngan hidup
P e r a n a nh u t a n d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a jnu g a m e n c a k u pu p a y a y a n g b e r k a i t a n
d e n g a np e r l i n d u n g afnu n g s il i n g k u n g a n
h i d u p . O l e hk a r e n ai t u d a l a mp e m b a n g u n a n
s u m b e rd a y ah u t a nj u g ad i u p a y a k aunn t u km e m b a n g u kn a w a s a nk o n s e r v a sail a md a n
3 1 T a m a n N a s i o n asl e l u a sl e b i hd a r i 1 4 , 6 j u t a h e k t a r .P e m e l i h a r a ahnu t a n l i n d u n g
l e r u s d i t i n g k a t k a nd, e m i k i a np u l au p a y ap e l e s t a r i atne r u m b uk a r a n g ,f l o r ad a n f a u n a
l a n g k a ,s e r ta ke a n e ka ra g a mahna yati.Upayater sebuttelah melibatkanm asyar ak at,
d u n i au s a h ad a n p e m e r i n t a h .
2 O . M a s y a r a k attr a d i s i o n asle j a kl a m am e m a h a mpi e r l u n y ad a n b e r u s a h am e l i n d u n g i
lingkungan
h i d u p n y ay a n g b e r u p ah u t a nd a n a l a ms e k i t a r n y m
a e l a l ub
i e r b a g aai t u r a n
a d a tt i d a kt e r t u l i s .P e r a n a n
s u m b e rd a y ah u t a nd a l a mp e n i n g k a t afnu n g s il i n g k u n g a n
h i d u pt e r s e b u tm e n c a k u pp u l a p e n g e m b a n g am
n a n f a a tp e r l i n d u n g atne r s e b u tb a g i
k e s e j a h t e r a amna s y a r a k at tr a d i s i o n adl i d a l a md a n s e k i t a rh u t a n .
MENINGKATKAN PERANANKEHUTANAN DALAM PJP.2
Tantangan
21.
D a l a m P J P - 2 b a n y a k h a r a p a n d i t a r u h p a d a p e r a n a n k e h u t a n a nd a l a m
p e m b a n g u n anna s i o n a n
l , a m u na k a nb a n y a kp u l ad i h a d a p i t a n t a n g aTna. n t a n g a yn a n g
p a l i n gp e n t i n gd i a n t a r a n yaad a l a hm e n i n g k a t k a n : ( am) u t u k a w a s a nh u t a nd a n m u t u
h u t a na l a m ,( b ) k e m a m p u a n
p e n g e l o l a ahnu t a nd a n i n d u s t r i n yyaa n g l e b i he f i s i e n (, c )
p e n g e m b a n g ah
n u ta n ta n a ma nb a ru, seper tiHTI dan hutan r akyat, ( d) eksporhas i l
h u t a nb e r u p ab a r a n gj a d i y a n g l e s t a r i d, a n ( e )p e r a n s e r tm
a a s y a r a k ayt a n g l e b i hl u a s
d a l a mu s a h ak e h u t a n a nd a n k e p e d u l i a m
n a s y a r a k adt a l a mp e l e s t a r i afnu n g s ih u t a n .
9
2 2 . P a d aw a k t u i n i s e b a g i a nt e r b e s a rd a r i h u t a np r o d u k s di i k e l o l ao l e h d u n i au s a h a
d e n g a ns i s t i m H P H . P a d at a h u n 1 9 9 0 h a n y a s e k i t a r7 1 o / " d a r i h u t a n p r o d u k s i
t e r s e b u ty a n g m a s i hu t u h . M u t u h u t a na l a mt e r u s m e n u r u nk a r e n ab e r b a g asi e b a b
s e p e r t ip e n g g a r a p a tna n a h o l e h m a s y a r a k a tp, e m b a l a k a ny a n g k u r a n g b a i k , d a n
k e m a m p u a pn e n g e l o l a ahnu t a ny a n gm a s i hk u r a n gK
. e m a m p u am
n e n g e l o lhau t a ny a n g
m a s i hk u r a n gi n i m e n y e b a b k arne n d a h n y e
a f i s i e n spi e n g e l o l a ahnu t a ns e h i n g g am u t u
h u t a nm e n u r u nd a n t e r j a d ip e m b o r o s a dn a l a mp e m a n f a a t asnu m b e rd a y a h u t a n .
2 3 , D e n g a nb a h a nb a k uy a n gs e m a k i nt e r b a t a sm
, a k ai n d u s t rki e h u t a n a nh a r u sl e b i h
e f i s i e nd a l a mp e m a k a i abna h a nb a k u n y at a n p am e n g u r a n gmi u t ud a nj u m l a hh a s i yl a n g
d i h a s i l k a nD. e m i k a nj u g a h a l n y ad a l a me f i s i e n spi e n g e l o l a aH
n P H ,d i m a n ai n v e s t a s i
y a n g d i t a n a m k a nd i d a l a mh u t a n s e h a r u s n y a
d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n i l a id a r i s u m b e r
d a y a h u t a n n y as e h i n g g al u a sh u t a ny a n g a d a m a m p um e n d u k u n gi n d u s t ryi a n g l e b i h
b a n y a kl a g i .
2 4 . U n t u k m e n d u k u n gp e r t u m b u h a ni n d u s t r ik e h u t a n a nd i m a s ad e p a n d i p e r l u k a n
s e d i a a nb a h a n b a k u y a n g l e b i h b a n y a k .H u t a n a l a m y a n g m a s i h a d a d a n h u t a n
t a n a m a n y a n g b a r u h a r u s t e r u s d i k e m b a n g k a nI.n i b e r a r t i p e m e l i h a r a a nd a n
p e n i n g k a t apnr o d u k t i v i t aksa w a s a nh u t a np r o d u k s i y a n b
g e r u p ah u t a na l a ms e l u a s4 6
j u t a h a t e r u s d i t i n g k a t k a nd, a n h u t a n p r o d u k s yi a n g t i d a k p r o d u k t i fs e l u a si 8 j u t a
h e k t a rd i r e h a b i l i t a sdia n 6 j u t a h e k t a rd i a n t a r a n y a
y a n g r u s a k b e r a td i t i n g k a t k a n
m e n j a d ih u t a n t a n a m a ni n d u s t r iy a n g b a r u . U n t u k m e w u j u d k a nh a l i t u d i p e r l u k a n
10
w a k t u s e d i k i t n y a1 5 t a h u n , t e t a p i a k a n d a p a t m e n g h a s i l k apne n d a p a t a n a s i o n a l
s e d i k i t n y aU S $ 1 2 m i l y a rs e t a h u n n y a . D e n g a nj u m l a h p r o d u k s iy a n g m e n i n g k a t
t e r s e b u tm
, a k ai n d u s t rpi e r k a y u a n
d a p a tt u m b u hd e n g a nb a i kd a n m e n g h a s i l k anni l a i
t a m b a hy a n gl e b i hb e s a rp u l ab a g in e g a r au n t u km e m b a n t um e n i n g k a t k asnu m b a n g a n
s e k t o ri n d u s t r m
i e n j a d 3i 2 , 5 o / od a r i P D Bp a d aa k h i rP J P - 2 .
2 5 . P e r k e m b a n g ai n d u s t r ki e h u t a n a ny a n g d i l a n d a soi l e h m u t u s u m b e rd a y a h u t a n
y a n g l e b i hb a i km e m b e r ai n d i ly a n g b e s a rp u l ad a l a mp e n y e d i a a lna p a n g a nk e r j ad a n
n a g im a s y a r a k a tD. i s a m p i n g
s u m b e rp e n d a p a t a b
i t u k e d u d u k a nl n d o n e s i a
yangbaik
d a l a mp e n y e d i a akna y ut r o p i sd u n i aa k a nd a p a td i p e r t a h a n k abna i kd a r is e g ie k o n o m i
m a u p u ne k o l o g i .
2 6 . M e m b a i k n y ah a r g ak a y u o l a h a nd i p a s a r a n
d a l a md a n l u a r n e g e r it e l a h m e m b e r i
k e s e m p a t ayna n gb a i kb a g ip e r k e m b a n g ahnu t a nr a k y a t .S e l a n j u t n y ap,e n g e m b a n g a n
h u t a n r a k y a td i t a n a h - t a n a h
k r i t i sa m a t m e m b a n t um e n i n g k a t k a kne s e m p a t a n
kerja
d a n b e r u s a h ab a g i m a s y a r a k a p
t e d e s a a ny a n g m i s k i n s e r t a m e n i n g k a t k a fnu n g s i
l i n g k u n g a nh i d u p . P e r a n s e r t m
a a s y a r a k adt a l a mp e n i n g k a t a n
p e r a n a ns u m b e r d a y a
h u t a ni n i p e r l ut e r u s d i k e m b a n g k atni d a k h a n y ad a l a mp e n g e m b a n g ahnu t a n r a k y a t
t e t a p i. i u g ad a l a mp e n g e l o l a ahnu t a nd i k a w a s a nh u t a nn e g a r a .
2 7 . D e n g a nm e n i n g k a t k am
n u t u s u m b e rd a y ah u t a nd a n i n d u s t r i n ym
a a k ap e r a n a n n y a
d a l a mp e n y e d i a a kne s e m p a t a kn e r j ad a n s u m b e rp e n d a p a t a b
n a g i m a s y a r a k ayt a n g
11
l e b i hl u a sa k a nm e n i n g k apt u l a . H a r u sd i i n g a tb a h w as e l a m aP J P - 2k i t a h a r u sd a p a t
m e n c i p t a k a sne k i t a r6 8 , 6 j u t a t a m b a h a nk e s e m p a t a kne r j a .P o t e n s pi e r a n a ns u m b e r
d a y a h u t a n da n i n d u stri n yau n tu k m embantum enciptakankesem patanker jaselam a
P J P- 2t e r s e b u tcu ku pb e sa r.S e ku rang- kur angnya
10 juta tambahankesem patan
ke r j a
b a r ud a p a td i c i p t a k a o
n l e hk e g i a t a nk e h u t a n a n
y a n g l e b i hb a i k ,s e p e r t pi e m b a n g u n a n
h u t a n t a n a m a n d a n i n d u stri n ya(sekitar4 juta kesem patanker ja) , r eboisasidan
p e n g h i j a u a(n1 j u t a k e s e m p a t akne r j a ) p, e m e l i h a r a ahnu t a np r o d u k s i y a n g
m a s i hu t u h
( s e k i t a r6 j u t a k e s e m p a t a nk e r j a ) ,s a r a n d a n p r a s a r a n ap e n u n j a n g n y a( 1 , 1 j u t a
l a p a n g a nk e r j a ) .
28.
L e b i hd a r i1 . 5 j u t a p e n d u d u km i s k i nh i d u pd i s e k i t a rd a n d i d a l a mh u t a ns e b a g a i
p e l a d a n gb e r p i n d a d
h a n p e r a m uh a s i lh u t a ns e r t am a s y a r a k at tr a d i s i o n i P
l . a d aw a k t u
i n i j u m l a hp e n d u d u km i s k i nd i I n d o n e s i m
a e n c a p aj iu m l a h2 5 , 9 j u t a o r a n g . P e n d u d u k
m i s k i nt e r s e b u pt e r l us e g e r am e n d a p a t k am
n a n f a ad
t a r ip e m b a n g u n akne h u t a n a a
ng a r
s e g e r ab e b a sd a r ik e m i s k i n a nA. k s e sp e n d u d u km i s k i ni n i k e p a d as u m b e rd a y a h u t a n
y a n g b a i kp e r l ud i t i n g k a t k a m
n e l a l ubi e r b a g aui p a y as e p e r t ki o p e r a s ip, e n g e m b a n g a n
u s a h ak e c i ld a n m e n e n g a d
h a l a mk e h u t a n a nD. i s a m p i n igt u k e m i t r a a n
a n t a r ak o p e r a s i ,
u s a h ak e c i l d a n m e n e n g a hd e n g a nu s a h ab e s a rd a n B U M N k e h u t a n a nm e r u p a k a n
s a r a n ap e n t i n gu n t u k m e m p e r c e p autp a y ap e n g e n t a s akne m i s k i n a n .
Kendala dan Peluang
2 9 . T e n t u s a j a b a n y a k h a m b a t a ny a n g a k a n d i t e m u i d a l a m u p a y a m e m p e r t a h a n k a n
12
((o))
d a n m e n g e m b a n g k apne r a n a ns u m b e rd a y ah u t a nd a n i n d u s t r i n y aH
. a m b a t a np e n t i n g
d a l a mb i d a n gk e h u t a n aand a l a ht e r b a t a s n ysau m b e r d a ym
a a n u s i ay a n gp r o f e s i o n a l d a n
b e r d e d i k a st i n g g i ,b e l u mm e m a d a i n ykae m a m p u a inl m up e n g e t a h u a n
d a nt e k n o l o g i ,
d a n m a s i hb e l u md i k e m b a n g k a n n ykae l e m b a g a akne h u t a n a ny a n g d a p a t m e n j a m i n
t e r c a p a i n y ab e r b a g a is a s a r a n i t u .
H a m b a t a ni n i d i h a d a p ib u k a n h a n y a o l e h
p e m e r i n t a ht,e t a p i j u g a o l e h d u n i a u s a h ad a n m a s y a r a k akt e h u t a n a nl a i n n y ab a i k
d a l a m u p a y a p e n i n g k a t a np e n g e l o l a a hn u t a n m a u p u nd a l a m p e n g o l a h a nh a s i l n y a ,
H a m b a t a nh a r u sd a p a td i a t a s si e c a r ab e r t a h a p .
30.
M e s k i p u nb a n ya kh a mb a ta n,tetapi banyakjugapeluangyang dapat member i
d o r o n g a nb e s a rb a g ip e n g e m b a n g apne r a n a ns u m b e rd a y ak e h u t a n a n
d a ni n d u s t r i n y a
d a l a mp e m b a n g u n anna s i o n a lP. e l u a n gy a n g p a l i n gp e n t i n gd i a n t a r a n yaad a l a h:
( 1 ) p o t e n s ih u t a n y a n g m a s i h c u k u p b e s a r d a n k e a n e k a r a g a m a n n ys a
erta letak
g e o g r a f i sI n d o n e s iyaa n g s t r a t e g i su n t u km e m a n f a a t k apne r t u m b u h aenk o n o m yi a n g
c u k u p p e s a td a n p a n g s a p a s a rh a s i lh u t a ny a n g b e s a rd i k a w a s a nA s i a - P a s i f idka n
b a h k a n d i d u n i a ,( 2 ) p a s a ry a n g s e m a k i nb e r k e m b a n g
b a g i b e r b a g api r o d u kh u t a n
t r o p i s ,( 3 ) p e n g a l a m adna l a mm e n g e l o l ha u t a n ,m e n g e m b a n g k asni s t i m p e n g u s a h a a n
d a n i n d u s t r ki e h u t a n a ns, e r t ap e r d a g a n g ainn t e r n a s i o n a(l4, ) k e p e d u l i a m
n asyarakat
y a n g b e s a r ,b a i k d i I n d o n e s i a m a u p u nd i d u n i a ,t e r h a d a pk e l e s t a r i a fnu n g s i h u t a n
k l i m u s a h a y a n g m a k i n k o m p e t i t i fy a n g m e n d o r o n g
t r o p i s , ( 5 ) - b e r k e m b a n g n yi a
a a n p e m a n f a aht u t a nl a i n n y au n t u k m e n g e l o l a
t u m b u h n y am o t i v a s pi a r a p e n g u s a h d
h u t a ns e c a r ae f i s i e nd a n l e s t a r i .
13
Harapan dalam pengembangan sumberdaya hutan dalam PJP-2
3 1 . P e n g a l a m a nd i m a s a l a l u d a n t e k a d k i t a u n t u k m e m b a n g u nk e m a s a d e p a n
d i h a r a p k adna p a tm e n d o r o n gd u n i au s a h ak e h u t a n a nu n t u kt u m b u hd a n b e r k e m b a n g
m e n j a d id e w a s ad a n l e b i ht a n g g u h ,l e b i h b e r a n e k a r a g a m
l e, b i he f i s i e nd a n e f e k t i f
d a l a mu s a h a n y am e m b a n g u np e r a ny a n g l e b i hb e s a rd a l a mp e m b a n g u n an a s i o n a l .
P a d a a k h i r n y a h a n y a k e m a m p u a nd a n m o t i v a s i y a n g t i n g g i d a r i p a r a p e l a k u
p e m b a n g u n a nk e h u t a n a ny a n g a k a n m a m p u m e n j a m i n k e l e s t a r i a nd a n m u t u
s u m b e r d a yh
a u t a ny a n g s e m a k i nb a i k .S e b a l i k n y sau m b e rd a y a h u t a ny a n g s e m a k i n
i e l u a n gy a n g l e b i hb a i k p u l a b a g i p e n g e m b a n g akne m a m p u a nu s a h a
baikmemberp
n a s i o n adl i b i d a n gk e h u t a n a n .
3 2 . D e n g a nk e m a m p u a yn a n g s e m a k i nb a i kt e r s e b u t ,m a k ad a l a mR E P E L I T V
Al n i l a i
pr o d u k s si u mb e rd a ya h u ta n d i h a ra pkanmasihdapattum buh tala- r atasekitar3,5 o/o
n a s i hd a p a tt u m b u h
s e t a h u ns, e d a n g k a n i l a ip r o d u k s i i n d u s tprei r k a y u a nd i h a r a p k am
. i s a m p i n gi t u , n i l a ie k s p o rh a s i li n d u s t r ki e h u t a n a n
r a t a - r a t as e k i t a r8 , 2 o / "s e t a h u n D
j u g a d i h a r a p k a dn a p a tm e n i n g k arta t a - r a t as e k i t a r6 , 8 o / os e t a h u n .
3 3 . S e l a m aP J P - 2p e r a n a nh u t a n r a k y a td e n g a ni n d u s t r i n y ad a l a m p e m b a n g u n a n
n a s i o n adl i h a r a p k a m
n e n i n g k apt u l a .P e r t u m b u h anni l a ii n i d i h a r a p k atne r j a d im e l a l u i
p e n i n g k a t am
n u t u d a n n i l a ip r o d u k shi u t a nr a k y a ty a n g d i s e b a b k a on l e hp e n i n g k a t a n
a a s y a r a k ayta n gl e b i hl u a sd a l a m
k e t e r a m p i l ap
ne
, n g u a s a at ne k n o l o g id, a np e r a n s e r tm
14
p e m b a n g u n akne h u t a n a n . A p a b i l ak i t a b e r h a s im
l e m e l i h a r da a n m e m u l i h k a nm u t u
s u m b e r d a y ah u t a n d i d a l a m k a w a s a n h u t a n t e t a p s e l u a s 1 1 3 j u t a h e k t a r d a n
m e n i n g k a t k apne r a n a nt a n a h m i l i kr a k y a ty a n g m a r g i n am
l e n j a dh
i u t a n r a k y a ty a n g
p r o d u k t i f ,m aka me n i n g ka tp u l a l a hper anansum ber daya hutan untuk m enduku ng
i n d u s t r i d a n b e r s a m a - s a m am e n d u k u n g p e r t u m b u h a nd a n p e m e r a t a a nd a l a m
p e m b a n g u n aenk o n o m in a s i o n a l .
n u t u s u m b e rd a y a h u t a n ,s e c a r ae k o n o m i sd a n
3 4 . K e b e r h a s i l adna l a mp e n i n g k a t am
e k o l o g i sa, k a n m a m p um e m b a n g u ni n d u s t ryi a n g m e n g h a s i l k abna r a n ge k s p o ry a n g
m e m e n u hpi e r s y a r a t alni n g k u n g ayna n gd i a c uo l e hp a s a r a nd u n i a ,d a n o l e hk a r e n ai t u
a k a n m a m p u m e m p e r t a h a n k adna n b a h k a nm e n i n g k a t k a kn e d u d u k a nI n d o n e s i ad i
p a s a r a nk a y ut r o p i k ad u n i a .
3 5 . H a r u sp u l ad i i n g a tb a h w ad a l a mu p a y ap e n i n g k a t apne r a n a nk e h u t a n a n
tersebut
a s a h ak e c i l d a n m e n e n g a hm a s i hp e r l ud i t i n g k a t k a np u l a s e b a g a i
maka peransertu
p e m b a n g u n a dn a n p e n g e n t a s a n
s a r a n ay a n g b a i k u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k apne m e r a t a a n
kemiskinan.
PENUTUP
36.
A k h i r n y as, a y ai n g i nm e n e g a s k akne m b a l bi a h w ap e l u a n gu n t u km e n i n g k a t k a n
p e r a n a ns u m b e rd a y ah u t a nd a n i n d u s t r i n ydaa l a mP J P - 2m a s i ha m a t b e s a r ,B e r b a g a i
15
a l a s a nd a p a td i k e m u k a k aunn t u km e n d u k u n p
g e r n y a t a atne r s e b u tm
, i s a l n y a: ( a )h u t a n
y a n g u t u h m a s i hc u k u p l u a s ,{ b ) k e m a u a np o l i t i ky a n g k u a t u n t u k m e m p e r t a h a n k a n
hutanr akyat,( c) kemampuanm asyar akat,
k a w a s a nh u t a nte ta p d a n me n g e mbangkan
h a l a mp e n g e l o l a asnu m b e rd a y a h u t a n d a n i n d u s t r i n y a
d u n i au s a h ad a n p e m e r i n t a d
y a n gs e m a k i nb a i k ,( c )p e r m i n t a apna s a rt e r h a d a ph a s i lh u t a ny a n gt e r u sb e r k e m b a n g ,
d a n k e s a d a r am
n a s y a r a k ayta n gs e m a k i nt i n g g iu n t u km e l e s t a r i k af nu n g s ih u t a nb a g i
k e p e n t i n g asne l u r u hm a s y a r a k a t .
37.
B a g a i m a n a p u jnu g a s e l u r u h s e k t o r k e h u t a n a nh a r u s m e m p e r s i a p k a n
diri
m e n g h a d a pbi e r b a g atia n t a n g a nd a l a m P J P - 2d a n m e m e n u h ih a r a p a nm a s y a r a k a t
t e r h a d a pu s a h ap e n g e m b a n g asnu m b e rd a y ah u t a nd a ni n d u s t r i n y aK. e b e r h a s i l akni t a
menjawab tantangantersebut akan tergantung kepada mutu sumber daya
m a n u s i a n y a , k e l e s t a r i a nd a n m u t u s u m b e r d a y a h u t a n n y a , k e m a m p u a n
t e k n o l o g id a n m a n a j e m e ny a n g t e p a t , d a n
m e n g e m b a n g k adna n m e m a n f a a t k a n
k e p e d u l i a nt e r h a d a p m a s y a r a k a ty a n g t e r t i n g g a ld a n r a k y a t k e c i l y a n g h a r u s
m e n g a m b im
l a n f a a tp u l ad a r i k e k a y a a na l a mh u t a nk i t a .
file: hh\pjp2-hut.mp6
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