fungsi makrofag - Website Staff UI

JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN
JENIS KOLAGEN
TIPE I (~ 90%)
(tersusun atas
dua jenis rantai-α)
TEMPAT
SEL-SEL YANG
DIHASILKAN
Lapisan kulit, tendon
Fibroblas
Tersebar (areolar),
memadati jaringan
penyambung, seratserat kolagen
Sel retikular dan otot
halus
CIRI-CIRI
Hidroksilisin rendah,
karbohidrat rendah
Hampir kebanyakan
tersebar di organ
interna
TIPE II (tersusun
hanya satu jenis
rantai-α)
Tulang
Osteoblas
Dentin (Gigi)
Odontoblas
Tulang rawan hialin
dan elastin
Lensa mata, jaringan
invertebral
Kondrosit
Sel-sel retina
Kondrosit
Hidroksilisin tinggi,
karbohidrat tinggi
(Fibril lebih tipis dari
tipe I)
1
JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN
JENIS KOLAGEN
TEMPAT
TIPE III (tersusun
hanya atas satu
jenis rantai-α)
Menyebar di jaringan
penyambung; serabut
retikuler, lapisan kulit
papiler (pada fase
perkembangan)
Fibroblas dan sel-sel Hidroksiprolin tinggi,
retikular
hidroksilisin rendah,
karbohidrat rendah
Pembuluh darah
Sel otot halus, sel
endotelial
Lamina basal
Sel epitelial dan sel
endotelial
Kapsul lensa mata
Epitel lensa
Membran fetal
(plasenta)
Membran lapisan
dasar
Tulang
Otot halus
Fibroblas
TIPE IV (tersusun
atas dua jenis
rantai-α)
TIPE V
SEL-SEL YANG
DIHASILKAN
CIRI-CIRI
Hidroksilisin sangat
tinggi, karbohidrat
tinggi, (menahan
prokolagen menjadi
peptida)
Sel-sel epitelial
Osteoblas
Sel-sel otot halus
2
In addition, a number of other collagens have been recently identified in the following
location:
TIPE VI
Short triple helical segment about 100 nm long; occur in small amounts in
kidney, liver, and uterus, where type I and III collagens are found
TIPE VII
Basal laminae of many ephitelia
TIPE VIII
Secretory product of endothelial cells; major component of Decemet’s
membrane in the cornea
TIPE IX
Mainly in cartilage; found with type II collagen
TIPE X
Confined to cartilage; in matrix surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes
TIPE XI
Associated with type OO collagen in cartilage; function unknown
TIPE XII
Tendon; properties in common with type IX collagen
TIPE XIII
Endothelium
TIPE XIV
Fetal skin and tendon
Thus far, some 25 distinct collagen α-chains, each encoded by a separate gene, have
been identified.
3
PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
GAMBARAN
KOLAGEN
RETIKULER
ELASTIS
Jaringan
molekuler
Triple-stranded helix;
Tiap helai ~ 1000 AA;
Molekul ~ panjang 300
nm, diameter 1,5 nm
(glisin, hidroksiprolin,
hidroksilisin)
Kolagen tipe III
Elastin 830 amino
acid residues long;
contains desmocine,
isodesmocine
(dibentuk dari empat
molekul lisin)
Jaringan Fibrilar
Diameter fiber 2-10 μm
(tidak bercabang);
diameter fibril ~ 50nm;
mikrofibril yang lebih kecil
Diameter fiber
Diameter fiber 1-4
0,2-2 μm, fibril 25- μm; cabang fiber
45 nm
Tidak ada fibril
Diameter mikrofibril
~ 12 nm
Axial periodicity
Fibrils 670 A; axial
periodicity
670 A
Air mendidih
Merubah kolagen menjadi
gelatin
Asam dan basa
lemah
Membengkak
Tidak ada
Resisten
Sama dengan
kolagen
Resisten terhadap
asam dan basa
lemah
4
PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
GAMBARAN
KOLAGEN
Asam dan basa
kuat
Larut
Pewarnaan
Dengan pewarnaan
asidofilik
Efek enzim
Larut dalam pepsin dan
kolagenase
Sel penghasil serat
Fibroblas
Sel otot halus di pembuluh
darah
Osteoblas
Kondroblas
Odontoblas
Kolagen tipe IV
Diproduksi oleh sel
epitel dan sel endotelial
RETIKULER
Silver (argirofilik)
PAS+
ELASTIS
Resorsin fuchsin,
resorsin orsein
Sensitif terhadap
elastase
Sel retikuler
Fibroblas
Fibroblas
Sel otot halus di
pembuluh darah
Sel Schwan (untuk
endoneurium)
5
JENIS SEL DI JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
JENIS SEL
FUNGSI UMUM
Fibroblas
Menghasilkan serat-serat (kolagen, retikuler, elastin) dan
selaput tak beraturan (glikosaminoglikans, proteglikans)
Makrofag
Fagosit (mis: bakteri)
Pemaparan antigen
Perisit
Membedakan antara fibroblas, sel retikuler, makrofag, otot
halus dalam pembuluh darah, adiposit
Sel Mast
Secrete heparin, histamine, slow-reacting substanse of
anaphylaxis, eosinophilic chemotactic factor anaphylaxis
Foreign body giant cell
Phagocytic (larger particulate material)
Sel retikuler
Memproduksi serat retikuler (kolagen tipe ke-3) untuk
pembuluh limf, limpa, sum-sum tulang, dll
Adiposit
Penimbunan lemak, mobilitas
Kondroblas (kondrosit)
Mengeluarkan kolagen atau serat elastis seperti halnya
substansi intersel amorf (glikosaminoglikans, proteoglikans),
dan protein lainnya
Osteoblas
Mengeluarkan kolagen, susunan tulang (proteoglikans)
6
FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Reseptor permukaan
bagi:
Receptors that bind C3b component of complement
Fc receptors, IgG
IL-2, IL-1, IL-6
Tumor necrosis factor (TFN)
(interferon)
ATPase
5’-Nucleotidase
Muatan Lisosom
Hidrolase asam
Lisozim
Mieloperoksidase
Makrofag aktifator
Lipopolisakarida
Interferon-γ
Efek Interleukin yang
dihasilkan oleh
makrofag
Mengaktifkan B limfosit
Faktor kemotaktis untuk neutrofil
Meningkatkan sirkulasi neutrofil
Bagian dari fibroblas
7
FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Menghasilkan Fagosit
Sel mati
Seluler debris
Bakteri
Pemaparan Antigen
Present antigen with MHC II molecules to helper T lymphocytes
(TH cells)
IL-1 (a mitogenic protein for T lymohocytes)
IL-6, Il-8
TNF- α
Interferon- α, -β; involved in fighting virus
Colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Erythropoietin
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
8
FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Menghasilkan sekret
khusus
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β)
Protease inhibitors
Elastase, collagenase
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Neutral proteases
Coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X, XII)
Thrombospondin
Plasminogen activator
Factor inducing monocytopoiesis
Complement componenets
Pyrogens (mediate fever)
Proteoglycan-degrading enzymes
Hydrogen peroxide
Lipases
Superoxide
9
SISTEM MACROPHAGE
NAMA SEL
FUNGSI
TEMPAT
Macrophage
Fagositosis, antigen
presentation
Loose (areolar) connective
tissue
Peritoneal or pleural
macrophages
Fagositosis
Serous cavities
Macrophage
Blood cell destruction,
antigen presentation
Bone marrow, spleen,
thymus, lymph node
Alveolar macrophage (or
dust cell)
Fagositosis
Alveoli of lung
Sel Langerhans
Antigen presentation
Epidermis
Sel Kuppfer
Fagositosis
Liver (perinsinusoidal
makrofag)
10
SISTEM MACROPHAGE
NAMA SEL
FUNGSI
TEMPAT
Microglia
Fagositosis, antigen
presentation
Sistem saraf pusat
Osteoklas (multinukleat)
Penyerapan tulang
Permukaan tulang (form
from fusion of monocytederived macrophages)
Fibroblast –derived
macrophage
Fagositosis
Lamina propria usus halus
Uterus-endometrium
Foreign body giant cell
(multinucleate)
Fagositosis
Induced in areas of large
particulate material (e.g.,
talc on mesentery) (fusion
of monocytes,
macrophages)
11
SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST
Heparin (acidic GAG)
Anticoagulant: binds to fibronectin, growth
factors, coagulation proteins, complement
compounds; has anticancer activity, causes
tumor regression, inhibits tumor metastasis
Chondroitin sulfate
Sometimes present in mast cell granules
rather than heparin: thus, different types of
mast cells exist
Histamine
Causes contraction of smooth muscle of
bronchioles: causes increased capillary
permeability (leakiness)
Leukotrienes (slow-reacting substance of
anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
Causes contraction of smooth muscle (not
stored in cell-synthesized from membrane
phospholipids)
12
SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST
Eosinophil chemotactic factor of
anaphilaxis (ECF-A)
Attracts eosinophils to regions of antigenantibody interaction; eosinophils
phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes:
eosinophils produce histaminase, which
depresses histamine effects, and aryl
sulfatase, which counteracts leukotrienes
Lysosomal enzymes
Functional role unclear: may degrade
Including β-glucuronidse, hexosaminidase, GAGs in extracellular matrix
aryl sulfatase
Neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF)
Chemoattractant for neutrophils
Other subtances include platelet-activating factor, prostoglandins (several), and neutral
proteases (tryptase, chymase) (most of the IgE molecules in the body are fixed on the
surface of mast cells rather than in the plasma)
13