Atmosfer: Sifat fisik-kimia dan pembentukan lapisan

Atmosfer: Sifat fisikkimia dan
pembentukan lapisan
Bagian 1
General of Atmosfer

Atmosphere:
 Blanket
of air that surrounds the earth
 Comprises mainly nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour
and dust particles

Function:
 prevents
overheating
 blocks asteroids
 absorbs harmful UV rays
 contains the necessary gases for us to survive
We need the layers of atmosphere to survive



Atmosphere = the thin layer of gases that surrounds
Earth
 Absorbs radiation and moderates climate
 Transports and recycles water and nutrients
 78% nitrogen gas, 21% oxygen gas, 1% other gases
 Its four layers differ in temperature, density and
composition
Minute concentrations of permanent (remain at stable
concentrations) and variable gases (varying
concentrations)
Human activity is changing the amounts of some gases
Fakta dan Estimasi di Atmosfer
Komposisi
 Perubahan Temperatur
 Perubahan Tekanan
 Perubahan Kerapatan
 Lapisan
 Pergerakan Atmosfer
 Reaksi Kimia, Fisika
 Fotoreaksi

The atmosphere’s composition
Komposisi Atmosfer


The atmosphere consists of the thin layer of
mixed gases covering the earth’s surface.
Exclusive of water, atmospheric air is 78.1% (by
volume) nitrogen, 21.0% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and
0.03% carbon dioxide.
Normally, air contains 1-3% water vapor by
volume; large variety of trace level gases at levels
below 0.002% (neon, helium, methane, krypton,
nitrous oxide, hydrogen, xenon, sulfur dioxide,
ozone, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and carbon
monoxide)
Profil
temperatur
dan
tekanan
atmosfer
Stratifikasi
Atmosfer
dan
Spesies
yang
dipengaruhi
fotoreaksi
“Lee Chateleur” Principle
Strata Atmosfer
Sifat Fisik dan Kimia
Troposphere
Makin tinggi  tekanan makin naik,
temperatur menurun. Reaksi makin
cepat ke arah exotermis, dan
pemecahan molekul.
Stratosphere
Makin tinggi  tekanan makin turun,
temperatur makin naik. Reaksi kimia
makin cepat ke arah endotermis dan
pemecahan molekul.
Mesosphere
Makin tinggi  tekanan makin rendah
dan suhu makin rendah. Reaksi
molekul menjadi lebih sulit karena
tekanan terlalu rendah, tumbukan
antar molekul makin jarang.
Thermosphere
Makin tinggi  tekanan makin rendah,
suhu extrem makin tinggi, reaksi
makin sulit terjadi.
Gambaran (Profil) Vertical, Densitas dan
Tekanan Atmosfer

Dipengaruhi oleh gaya gravitasi
FG = Gaya Gravitasi
FG
mGM E
r2
mg
The ME massa bumi = 5.98*1024 kg
Konstanta gravitasi=6.67x10-11 Nm2kg2
T=7 oC
7oC
T=8 oC
8oC
T=9
oC
9oC
Solar energy causes air to circulate
SIRKULASI ATMOSFIR
The Coriolis Effect Influences the Movement of Air in Atmospheric
Circulation Cells
Sirkulasi Udara Global