Organ sensoris I

dr. May Valzon
ORGAN SENSORIS I
Mata
 ORBITA
 KELOPAK MATA (PALPEBRA)
 OTOT MATA
 FASCIA MATA
 APARATUS LACRIMALIS
 BOLA MATA (BULBUS OCULI)
 Vaskularisasi dan inervasi
Orbita
Orbita
 Memiliki basis, apex dan 4 dinding:
 Atap : pars orbitalis os frontale (utama), ala minus
os spenoidale. Fossa lacrimalis  anterolateral
 Dinding medial: os. Ethmoidale (utama).
 Struktur lain: sulcus lacrimalis, fossa saccus
lacrimalis
 Dinding lateral: processus frontalis
os.zygomaticus, ala mayus os sphenoidale
 Lantai : maxilla, zymaticus dan palatina
 Apex: terdapat canalis opticus dan fisurra orbitalis
superior
Otot mata
 Otot ekstrinsik (ekstra-oculer) : Skelet membuka palpebra dan
pergerakan bola mata
 Otot intrinsik : involunter kecembungan lensa dan ukuran pupil
 Gerakan bolamata: elevasi, depresi, abduksi, adduksi, intorsi, dan
ekstorsi
fascia orbita
Periorbita  septum orbitalis +
annulus tendineus communis
Vagina bulbi = fascia bulbi =
capsula tenon)
Lemak orbita
Ligamentum palpebralis: medial
et lateral
Pembuluh darah orbita
INERVASI
 NERVUS OPTICUS
 NERVUS OCULOMOTORIUS
 NERVUS TROCHLEARIS
 NERVUS ABDUCENS
 NERVUS OPTHALMICUS
 SISTEM SARAF AUTONOM : PARA SIMPATIS
DAN SIMPATIS
Nervus Opticus (NC II)
 Bukan merupakan nervus cranialis sesunguhanya
 jadi apa?
 Diselubungi oleh meninges  lengkap
 ↑↑ TIK  papiledema  opthalmosop
NC V1
Bercabang menjadi:
1. N. lacrimalis  hanya
membawa sensoris glandula
lacrimal
1. Di dekat ujung menerima
cabang dari n.
zygomaticotemporale (N
V2)  membawa
simpatis dan
parasimpatis
2. N. frontalis  sensoris luar
orbita, bercabgna dua:
1. N. supra-orbitalis
2. N. supra-trochlearis
3. N. nasociliaris
1. N. ciliaris longus
2. N. infra-trochlearis
3. N. ethmoidalis ant & post
Ganglion cilliare
 Ganglion parasimpaticus NC III
PALPEBRA
 Disusun oleh (luar – dalam):
 Kulit
 Subkutan
 Otot volunter (pars
-- Septum orbitalis
-- Tarsus dan m. levator P
-- Konjunctiva palpebra
palpebralis m. orbicularis
oculi)
 Kelenjar: glandula Meibom, glandula Moll, dan
glandula Zeis
 Konjunctiva
 Konjunctiva palpebra
 Fornix conjunctiva
 Konjunctiva bulbaris
Vaskularisasi dan inervasi
 the supratrochlear, supra-orbital, lacrimal, and dorsal nasal






arteries from the ophthalmic artery;
the angular artery from the facial artery;
the transverse facial artery from the superficial temporal
artery
branches from the superficial temporal artery itself
Vena  mengikuti arteri
Limfe  lnn. parotid
Inervasi:
 Sensoris : the supra-orbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, and
lacrimal branches of the ophthalmic nerve [V1]; the infra-orbital
branch of the maxillary nerve [V2]
 Motoris: the facial nerve [VII], which innervates the palpebral part
of the orbicularis oculi; the oculomotor nerve [III], which
innervates the levator palpebrae superioris; sympathetic fibers,
which innervate the superior tarsal muscle.
Klinis
 Loss of innervation of the orbicularis oculi by the
facial nerve [VII] causes an inability to close the
eyelids tightly and the lower eyelid droops away,
resulting in a spillage of tears.
 Loss of innervation of the levator palpebrae
superioris by the oculomotor nerve causes an
inability to open the superior eyelid voluntarily,
producing a complete ptosis.
 Loss of innervation of the superior tarsal muscle by
sympathetic fibers causes a constant partial
ptosis.
Aparatus lacrimalis
•
•
•
•
•
Glandula lacrimalis
Ductus lakrimalis
Canliculi lacrimalis
Saccus lacrimalis
Ductus nasolacrimalis
Inervasi
Reflek lakrimasi
Iritasi conjunctiva atau
cornea
Parasimpatis
ganti neuron
Glnadula
lakrimalis
r. Lakrimalis n.
opthalmicus & n. infra
orbitalis
Otak
n. Facilais
Nucleus
salivarius
sup
Ganglion
pterygoplatina
n.Spinalis
segmen thorak
superior
Lakrimasi
BOLA MATA (BULBUS OCULI)
 Terdiri dari 3 lapisan:
 Tunica fibrosa
 5/6 post = sclera
 1/6 ant = cornea
 Tunica vascularis (tractus uvealis) = choroid, corpus
cilliaris, iris
 Tunica interna (retina)
 Lamina pigmentosa
 Lamina neuralis
Tunica fibrosa
 Sclera: putih tak tembus cahaya “putih mata”
 F(x) : melindungi dan menjaga bentuk bola mata,
tempat insertio musculi ekstrinsik
 Berlanjut sebagai duramater
 Cornea: transparan (1/6 anterior bola mata)
 5 lapisan: epithelium, membrana bowmen, stroma,
membrana descement, endothelium
 Corneo-scleral junction (limbus)
 Kaya vaskularisasi
 Canalis schlemm
Tunica vascularis (uvea)
 Choroid : kaya vascularisasi berwarna hitam (kaya
melanosit), f(X)= nutrisi retina
 Lamina eksterna, Lamina choriocapilari, Membrana bruch
 Corpus cilliaris
 M. ciliaris  2 bundel otot polos
 Processus ciliaris  oxytalan fibers/zonula,
menghasilakan humor aqueous
Iris
 Pupil  mengatur cahaya, Ø 1 – 8 mm
 Otot iris: M. dilator pupil dan M. spincter pupil
 Vaskularisasi: a. siliaris anterior dan a.siliaris
posterior longus
 Inervasi :
para simpatis /
N. nasociliaris
simpatis
r. Ciliaris longus
m. Spincter
pupil
r. Ciliaris brevis
m. Dilator
pupil
N. III
Trujnkus
simpatik
us sup
Gln.
ciliaris
Ganglion siliaris
Retina
 Lamina pigmentosa:
 Menyerap kelebihan cahaya
 Fagosit  sel potoreceptor rusak
 Penyimpan vit A untuk fotoreceptor
 Lamina neuralis
 Fotoreceptor : sel konus dan basilus
 Sel bipolar
 Sel ganglion
Discus opticus dan
vaskularisasi retina
Media refraksi mata
 Cornea
 Aqueous humor: dihasilkan oleh epithelium
non pigmentosum corpus ciliary
 Aliran: corpus cilliary  camera oculi post  pupil
 camera oculi ant  angulus iridocornealis
sinus venosus sclera (canalis schlemm)  limbal
plexus  v. Verticose dan v. Ciliaris ant
 Glucoma: peningkatan tekanan intra oculi karena
obstruksi pd angulus iridocornealis
 Lensa
 Viterous body
Lensa
 Campsula lentis di gantung oleh lig. Suspensorium
lentis (zonula fibers) dari processus ciliaris
 Akomodasi oleh m. ciliaris oleh saraf simpatis
 Rangsangan parasimpatis  kontaksi m. siliaris 
longgarnya lig. Supensorium  lensa mencembung:
untk melihat dekat
 Hilangnya rangsang para simpatis  melihat jauh
(lensa memipih)
Corpus viterous
 Berisi viterous humor (gel),
 4/5 bola mata
Melihat (vision)
Visual defect
Control neuronal pandangan
 Saccades  merubah pandang dg gerakan
cepat
 Smoot persuit system atau Vestibulo-ocular
dan optokinetic system  fokus sewaktu
bergerak
 Gerakan horizonatal: PPRF
 Gerakan vertikal
Figure 24.3 Summary of eye movement control. The central drawing shows the supranuclear connections from the frontal eye field
(FEF) and the posterior eye field (PEF) to the superior colliculus (SC), rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
(riMLF), and the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). The FEF and SC are involved in the production of saccades, while the
PEF is thought to be important in the production of pursuit. The drawing on the left shows the brain stem pathways for horizontal gaze.
Axons from the PPRF travel to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus innervating lateral rectus (LR). Abducens internuclear axons cross the
midline and travel in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) to the portion of the oculomotor nucleus (III) innervating medial rectus (MR)
of the contralateral eye. The drawing on the right shows the brain stem pathways for vertical gaze. Important structures include the
riMLF, PPRF, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC), and the posterior commissure (PC). Other abbreviations: DLPFC, dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex; IV, trochlear nucleus; SEF, supplementary eye field; VN, vestibular nucleus.
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