daftar isi

DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................................... iii
PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... vi
INTISARI.............................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
1.1
Latar Belakang ............................................................................................... 1
1.2
Perumusan masalah ....................................................................................... 2
1.3
Keaslian penelitian......................................................................................... 3
1.4
Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 5
1.5
Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................................. 7
2.1
Tinjauan Pustaka............................................................................................ 7
2.2
Landasan Teori ............................................................................................ 10
2.2.1 Pemeliharaan dalam keadaan bertegangan ......................................... 10
2.2.2 Isolator ................................................................................................ 24
2.2.3 Kayu .................................................................................................... 30
2.2.4 Pengujian tegangan tinggi................................................................... 38
2.3
Hipotesis ...................................................................................................... 40
BAB III METODOLOGI ...................................................................................... 41
3.1
Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................................ 41
3.1.1 Alat ..................................................................................................... 41
3.1.2 Bahan .................................................................................................. 48
3.2
Langkah Pengujian ...................................................................................... 51
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BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .............................................................. 56
4.1
Pengujian Kegagalan Isolasi ........................................................................ 56
4.1.1 Pengaruh kandungan kadar air ........................................................... 56
4.1.2 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu jati................................................ 58
4.1.3
Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu bengkirai .................................. 60
4.1.4
Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu akasia ....................................... 61
4.1.5 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu mahoni ......................................... 63
4.1.6 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu meranti ........................................ 64
4.1.7
4.2
Perbandingan kegagalan isolasi terhadap 5 jenis kayu ................... 66
Pengujian arus bocor.................................................................................... 68
4.2.1 Pengaruh kandungan kadar air terhadap arus bocor ........................... 68
4.2.2 Arus bocor pada kayu jati ................................................................... 71
4.2.3 Arus bocor pada kayu bengkirai ......................................................... 73
4.2.4 Arus bocor pada kayu mahoni ............................................................ 75
4.2.5 Arus bocor pada kayu meranti ............................................................ 76
4.2.6 Arus bocor pada kayu akasia .............................................................. 78
4.2.7 Perbandingan arus bocor pada 5 jenis kayu ........................................ 80
4.3
Kayu sebagai isolator pendukung pekerjaan dalam keadaan bertegangan 20
kV ................................................................................................................ 82
4.3.1 Pengujian tegangan 25 kV pada kayu jati........................................... 83
4.3.2 Pengujian tegangan 25 kV pada kayu bengkirai................................. 84
4.3.3 Pengujian tegangan 25 kV pada kayu mahoni .................................... 86
4.3.4 Pengujian tegangan 25 kV pada kayu meranti ................................... 87
4.3.5 Pengujian tegangan 25 kV pada kayu akasia ...................................... 88
4.3.6 Perbandingan arus bocor saat diberi tegangan 25 kV pada 5 jenis kayu
.............................................................................................................. 90
4.4 Analisis berat jenis kayu ................................................................................. 91
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 92
5.1
Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 92
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5.2
Saran ............................................................................................................ 93
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 94
LAMPIRAN Alat dan Bahan uji ............................................................................ 1
LAMPIRAN 2 Tegangan Lewat denyar ................................................................. 3
LAMPIRAN 3 Arus bocor .................................................................................... 20
LAMPIRAN 4 Arus bocor pada tegangan 25 kV ................................................. 51
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 PDKB dengan metode hot stick .........................................................11
Gambar 2.2 Universal stick ....................................................................................13
Gambar 2.3 Ratchet wrench ...................................................................................13
Gambar 2.4 Hammer head .....................................................................................14
Gambar 2.5 Pin hole ...............................................................................................14
Gambar 2.6 Cutout tools ........................................................................................15
Gambar 2.7 Chuck blank........................................................................................15
Gambar 2.8 Sheperd hook ......................................................................................15
Gambar 2.9 Snapout Cutter Key Remover ............................................................16
Gambar 2.10 Screwdriver ......................................................................................16
Gambar 2.11 Locating pin......................................................................................17
Gambar 2.12 Tegangan sentuh dan rangkaian ekivalen.........................................20
Gambar 2.13 Tegangan pindah dan rangkaian ekivalen ........................................20
Gambar 2.14 Tegangan langkah ............................................................................22
Gambar 2.15 Medan elektrik dalam dielektrik ......................................................25
Gambar 2.16 Variasi kekuatan breakdown terhadap waktu..................................26
Gambar 2.17 Fenomena treeing .............................................................................28
Gambar 2.18 Peluahan listrik pada suatu rongga dan rangkaian ekivalen .............29
Gambar 2.19 Penampang melintang kayu .............................................................31
Gambar 2.20 Arus bocor pada isolator ..................................................................40
Gambar 2.21 Kapasitor dengan nilai impedansi tinggi ..........................................40
Gambar 3.1 Transformator step up ........................................................................42
Gambar 3.2 Panel kendali ......................................................................................43
Gambar 3.3 Elektroda cincin..................................................................................45
Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian pembagi tegangan.............................................................46
Gambar 3.5 Osiloskop GDS 2104..........................................................................47
Gambar 3.6 Lignomat Scanner D...........................................................................48
Gambar 3.7 Diagram alir penelitian .......................................................................52
Gambar 3.8 Jarak elektroda pada sampel uji .........................................................53
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Gambar 3.9 Skema pengujian tegangan lewat denyar ...........................................53
Gambar 3.10 Skema pengujian arus bocor ...........................................................55
Gambar 4.1 Jarak elektroda 5 cm ...........................................................................56
Gambar 4.2 Perubahan kadar air terhadap kegagalan isolasi .................................58
Gambar 4.3 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu jati ...............................................59
Gambar 4.4 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu bengkirai .....................................61
Gambar 4.5 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu akasia ..........................................62
Gambar 4.6 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu mahoni ........................................64
Gambar 4.7 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu meranti ........................................65
Gambar 4.8 Perbandingan tegangan flashover pada 5 jenis kayu ..........................66
Gambar 4.9 Perbandingan tegangan flashover dengan interval jarak elektroda 10
cm......................................................................................................67
Gambar 4.10 Perbandingan nilai kadar air terhadap nilai arus bocor ....................71
Gambar 4.11 Arus bocor pada kayu jati.................................................................73
Gambar 4.12 Arus bocor pada kayu bengkirai.......................................................73
Gambar 4.13 Arus bocor pada kayu mahoni ..........................................................75
Gambar 4.14 Arus bocor pada kayu meranti .........................................................77
Gambar 4.15 Arus bocor pada kayu akasia ............................................................79
Gambar 4.16 Perbandingan arus bocor pada 5 jenis kayu pada jarak 15 cm .........81
Gambar 4.17 Perbandingan arus bocor pada tegangan 25 kV dan 50 kV..............83
Gambar 4.18 Arus bocor kayu jati pada tegangan 25 kV ......................................84
Gambar 4.19 Arus bocor kayu bengkirai pada tegangan 25 kV ............................85
Gambar 4.20 Arus bocor kayu mahoni pada tegangan 25 kV ...............................86
Gambar 4.21 Arus bocor kayu meranti pada tegangan 25 kV ...............................88
Gambar 4.22 Arus bocor kayu akasia pada tegangan 25 kV .................................89
Gambar 4.23 Perbandingan arus bocor pada tegangan 25 kV ...............................90
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Jarak aman minimum PDKB .................................................................17
Tabel 2.2 Jumlah elemen pelindung pada tegangan menengah .............................18
Tabel 2.3 Pengaruh arus listrik terhadap tubuh manusia .......................................24
Tabel 2.4 Klasifikasi kelas kuat kayu berdasarkan nilai berat jenis ......................37
Tabel 4.1 Pengaruh perubahan nilai kadar air pada tiga jenis kayu .......................56
Tabel 4.2 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu dengan kadar air dibawah 6% ........57
Tabel 4.3 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu jati ...................................................59
Tabel 4.4 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu bengkirai .........................................60
Tabel 4.5 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu akasia ..............................................62
Tabel 4.6 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu mahoni ............................................63
Tabel 4.7 Tegangan lewat denyar pada kayu meranti ............................................65
Tabel 4.8 Perbandingan arus bocor pada kayu mahoni terhadap kadar air ............68
Tabel 4.9 Perbandingan arus bocor pada kayu jati terhadap kadar air...................69
Tabel 4.10 Perbandingan arus bocor pada kayu akasia terhadap kadar air ............70
Tabel 4.11 Arus bocor pada kayu jati ....................................................................72
Tabel 4.12 Arus bocor pada kayu bengkirai ..........................................................74
Tabel 4.13 Arus bocor pada kayu mahoni .............................................................76
Tabel 4.14 Arus bocor pada kayu meranti .............................................................78
Tabel 4.15 Arus bocor pada kayu akasia ...............................................................80
Tabel 4.16 Perbandingan arus bocor pada tegangan 25 kV dan 50 kV .................82
Tabel 4.17 Arus bocor kayu jati pada tegangan 25 kV ..........................................83
Tabel 4.18 Arus bocor kayu bengkirai pada tegangan 25 kV ................................85
Tabel 4.19 Arus bocor kayu mahoni pada tegangan 25 kV ...................................86
Tabel 4.20 Arus bocor kayu meranti pada tegangan 25 kV ...................................87
Tabel 4.21 Arus bocor kayu akasia pada tegangan 25 kV .....................................89
Tabel 4.22 Hubungan berat jenis kayu terhadap arus bocor pada
tegangan 25 kV....................................................................................91
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