English_Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya2005-01

MENDEL LAW AND ITS
DEVIATIONS
The Standard of Competency :
Applying principles of plant &
animal genetics.
Basic Competency :
Applying the Mendel Law & its
Deviation.
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Objectives:
The students are able to explain
principles of nature heritage and
count the comparison between
phenotype and genotype in
interaction of genes couple.
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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A. THE HERITAGE LAW OF
MENDEL
The heritage law of Mendel is a law
about heritage nature to organism
elaborated by Gregor Johann Mendel.
Mendel carried out experiment about
plant cross breeding by using Pisum
sativum.
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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Model of Ercis Mendel
Sumber : Internet
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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Variety of morphology Pisum sativum
Source : Campbell, 2006
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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MENDEL LAW I
Couple of gene spilt freely during
meiosis, so that every gamet gets one
gene from its alel.
Monohibrid example:
P
G
=
TT
(high)
=
T
x
tt
(short)
t
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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MENDEL LAW I
F1
F2
=
=
Tt
F1
Tt
G
= T
t
F2 = TT
Tt
Tt
tt
Phenotype
(high)
x F1
x Tt
T
t
(high)
(high)
(high)
(short)
comparison high : short = 3 : 1
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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MENDEL LAW II
 Every gen can be formed in pair or
groups freely with another gene.
 Example of cross-breeding
P
=
BBKK
x
bbkk
(yellow circle) (wrinkle green)
G =
BK
bk
F1 =
BbKk (yellow circle)
G = BK, Bk, bK, bk
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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Table F2 :
gamet
BK
Bk
bK
bk
BK
BBKK
Yello
Circle
BBKk
Yello
Circle
BbKK
Yello
Circle
BbKk
Yello
Circle
Bk
BBKk
Yello
Circle
BBkk
Green
circle
BbKk
Yello
Circle
Bbkk
Green
circle
bK
BbKK
Yello
Circle
BbKk
Yello
Circle
bbKK
Green
wrinkle
bbKk
Yello
wrinkle
bk
BbKk
Yello
Circle
Bbkk
Green
circle
bbKk
Keriput
kuning
bbkk
Green
wrinkle
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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Comparison of phenotype F2 at hybrid
cross breeding:
Yellow circle: green circle: yellow wrinkled : green
wrinkled = 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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B. DEVIATION OF MENDEL LAW
1. INTERACTION OF SEVERAL GENES
 There is an interaction between 2 dominant
genes or recessive gene causes differ from
the two parents. E.g. Pial shape to chickens.
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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INTERACTION OF SEVERAL
GENES
P
=
RRpp
x
rrPP
(rose)
(pea)
G = Rp
rP
F1 = RrPp
(walnut)
G = RP, Rp, rP, rp
F2 = 9 R-P- (walnut)
3 R-pp (rose)
3 rrP(pea)
1 rrpp (single)
Comparison fenotip walnut : rose : pea : single
=9:3:3:1
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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2. POLIMERI
Polimeri is there are some couples of
gene that are not alel but influence
the same nature.
E.g. flower of Antherinum mayus
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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2. POLIMERI
P
=
M1M1M2M2
x
m1m1m2m2
(red)
(white)
G
= M1M2
m1m2
F1 = M1m1M2m2
(red)
G
= M1M2, M1m2, m1M2, m1m2
F2 = 9 M1-M2(red)
3 M1-m2m2
(red)
3 m1m1M2(red)
1 m1m1m2m2 (white)
Comparison of red phenotype : white = 15 : 1
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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3. CRYPTHOMERY
 Influential hidden gene, if meet with
other dominant genes that are not alel.
 E.g. flower of Linaria marocana
 Antosian factor (A) & Alkali pH (B) are
red. There is no white antosian factor (a)
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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CRYPTHOMERY
P
=
AAbb
x
aaBB
(red)
(white)
G
= Ab
aB
F1 = AaBb (purple)
G
= AB, Ab, aB, ab
F2 = 9 A-B(purple)
3 A-bb
(red)
3 aaB(white)
1 aabb
(white)
Comparison purple phenotype F2 : red : white
=9:3:4
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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4. EPISTASIS AND HIPOSTASIS
 Epistasis adalah penutupan gen lain yang
bukan alelnya.
 Gen yang ditutupi disebut hipostasis
 Misalnya gen pada anjing
Gen B : penyebab warna bulu hitam
Gen b : bulu coklat
Gen I dan i adalah pengatur produksi
pigmen
Gen I tidak dapat menghasilkan pigmen
meski punya gen B dan b.
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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EPISTASIS DAN HIPOSTASIS
P
=
BBII
x
bbii
(putih)
(coklat)
G = BI
bi
F1 = BbIi
(putih)
G = BI, Bi, bI, bi
F2 = 3 B-ii
(hitam)
1 bbii
(coklat)
12 I--- (putih)
Perbandingan fenotip putih : hitam : coklat
= 12 : 3 : 1
Gen I epistasis terhadap gen B dan b
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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5. GEN KOMPLEMENTER
Gen komplementer adalah gen yang
saling melengkapi dan berinteraksi.
Bila salah satu gen tidak hadir maka
suatu karakter akan muncul tidak
sempurna / terhalang.
Contoh penyakit bisu tuli pada
manusia. Cacat ini timbul jika gen
resesif d atau e dalam keadaan
homozigot secara sendiri – sendiri
atau bersamaan.
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
Adaptif
GEN KOMPLEMENTER
P
=
DDee
x
ddEE
(bisu tuli)
(bisu tuli)
G =
De
dE
F1 =
DdEe
(normal)
G =
DE, De, dE, de
F2 =
9 D-E- (normal)
3 D-ee
(bisu tuli)
3 ddE(bisu tuli)
1 ddee
(bisu tuli)
Perbandingan fenotip normal : bisu tuli = 9 : 7
Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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Hukum Mendel dan Penyimpangannya
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