KA2113 - Ruang Lingkup ERP

Pertemuan 1
Ruang Lingkup ERP
KA2113 Enterprise Resource Planning Dasar
Semester Ganjil 2014/2015
Disampaikan oleh:
<<Nama>>
<<email>>
"Hanya dipergunakan untuk kepentingan pengajaran di lingkungan Telkom University"
Disusun oleh:
Magdalena Karismariyanti, S.T., M.B.A
[email protected]
D3 Komputerisasi Akuntansi
Telkom University, Bandung 2014
dac.telkomuniversity.ac.id
Agenda
Reference:
Monk, E. F., & Wagner, B. J. (2013).
Concept in Enterprise Resource
Planning 4Ed. Mason.
O'Brien, J. A. (2005). Introduction to
Information Systems. McGrawHill/Irwin.
Ray, R. (2011). Enterprise Resource
Planning: Text & Cases. New Delhi:
Tata McGraw Hill Education Private
Limited.
Jacobs, F. Robert, and F.C. ‘Ted’ Weston
Jr. "Enterprise resource planning
(ERP)—A brief history." Journal of
Operations Management, 2007: 357–
363.
•
•
•
•
Evolusi sistem informasi
Definisi ERP
Vendor ERP Sistem
Keuntungan dan kerugian
penggunaan ERP sistem
Definisi ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
ERP is
an integrated information system
built on centralized database and having
a common computing platform that helps in
effective usage of enterprise’s resource
and facilities the flow of information
between all business function of the
enterprise (and with external stakeholders)
Sistem Informasi adalah
suatu kombinasi terartur apapun dari
people (orang),
hardware (perangkat keras),
software (piranti lunak),
computer networks dan data
communications (jaringan komunikasi), dan
database (basis data)
yang mengumpulkan, mengubah dan menyebarkan informasi
di dalam suatu bentuk organisasi. (O’Brien, 2005, p5)
Evolusi Sistem Informasi
Point of Sales
Unintegrated
Information systems
Marketing
IS
supported only the activities of
individual business functional areas
Production
IS
Accounting
IS
work well within individual
functional areas
Unconnected information:
printed out and re-entry or
write data to a file and read by
others
The Evolution of
Information System
Point of Sales
Unintegrated
Information systems
Marketing
IS
Production
IS
Accounting
IS
The concept of silos
of information
Point of Sales
Unintegrated
Information systems
Marketing
IS
Production
IS
Accounting
IS
Disadvantages:
Duplikasi data
Tidak ada interaksi informasi
antar sistem informasi
Sistem tidak memberikan
informasi relevan
Unintegrated
Information systems
Integrated
Information systems
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
1. Perangkat Keras
Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan
Perkembangan Perangkat Lunak
(Software Development)
2. Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber
Daya (Resource Sharing)
3. Manufaktur akar dari ERP
4. Dorongan Manajemen
Mengadopsi ERP
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
Sumber: Concept of Enterprise Resource Planning 3rd Ed, page 19
•
Perangkat Keras Komputer dan perkembangan
perangkat lunak membuka jalan untuk
pembangunan sistem ERP.
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
Sumber: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/azure/CloudProgrammingConcept/cloud3.png
•
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
•
By the mid-1980s, telecommunications developments
allowed users to share data and peripherals on local
networks.
Servers (central computers) became more powerful
and less expensive and provided scalability.
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Sumber: http://faculty.babson.edu/dewire/Readings/gifs/1ssdbev.gif
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
•
The technology to hold that data in an organized
fashion, and to retrieve data easily, is the database
management system, known as a DBMS.
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
Sumber: http://www.moghtadaei.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/web-evolution1.jpg
•
By the end of the 1980s, much of the hardware needed
to support the development of ERP systems was in
place: fast computers, networked access, and advanced
database technology.
• 1960s
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
– Competitiveness: COST
– Reorder point (ROP) systems
– MRP (material requirements planning)
• 1970s
– Competitiveness: MARKETING
– MRP II (manufacturing resource planning)
– ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
• 1980s
– Not only manufacturing  human resource
 across enterprise
– real-time capture of transactions
– Large enterprise package software
• 1990s
–
–
–
–
Customer growth for each vendor
Internet grows rapidly
Increase Computer capabilities
small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
package software
• 2000s
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
– High ERP vendor competition
– Improve product offerings and
increase market share
– Acquisitions of competing
companies, mergers.
• Future ERP
ERP reach maturity level
– ERP needs “easy
configuration”
– ERP for niche market
– Cloud ERP
– Systems will become much
more intelligent
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Sumber: Concept of Enterprise Resource Planning 3rd Ed, page 22
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
•
The functional business model illustrates the concept
of silos of information, which limit the exchange of
information between the lower operating levels.
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
•
This model was successful. In the quickly changing
markets of the 1990s, however, the functional model
led to top-heavy and overstaffed organizations
incapable of reacting quickly to change.
Faktor Penyebab Evolusi SI
Pangkat Keras Komputer(Computer
Hardware) dan Perkembangan
Perangkat Lunak (Software
Development)
Upaya untuk Berbagi Sumber Daya
(Resource Sharing)
Sumber: Concept of Enterprise Resource Planning 3rd Ed, page 23
Manufaktur akar dari ERP
•
In a process-oriented company, the flow of information
and management activity is “horizontal” across
functions, in line with the flow of materials and
products.
•
These company overhauls were a stimulus to ERP
development.
Dorongan Manajemen Mengadopsi ERP
THESIGNIFICANCE AND
BENEFITS OF ERP
SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS
• ERP allows easier global
integration
• ERP integrates people and
data while eliminating the
need to update and repair
many separate computer
systems
• ERP allows management
to manage operations, not
just monitor them
Tantangan dalam Implementasi
ERP
Biaya vs Manfaat
Biaya
Manfaat
1. Biaya Langsung:
1. Manfaat langsung
Investasi perangkat keras, lisensi sistem
Persediaan
gudang
berkurang,
operasi dan software basis data, lisensi
peningkatan
kualitas
layanan
aplikasi ERP, biaya maintenance aplikasi
pelanggan dan mengurangi kerugian
ERP, jasa konsultan ERP, biaya
penjualan, mengurangi jumlah uang tak
pelatihan, dan lain-lain.
tertagih, pengurangan biaya material
dan tenaga kerja.
2. Biaya Tidak Langsung:
Biaya pegawai yang terlibat dalam 2. Manfaat tidak langsung
Kemudahan data entry, kemudahan
proyek, biaya penggantian pegawai
informasi,
kegiatan
operasional
proyek, biaya atas gangguan kegiatan
dikerjakan dengan cepat.
operasional
1.
2.
3.
4.
How Much Does an ERP System Cost?
Should Every Business Buy an ERP Package?
Is ERP Software Inflexible?
What Return Can a Company Expect from Its
ERP Investment?
5. How Long Does It Take to See a Return on an
ERP Investment?
6. Why Do Some Companies Have More Success
with ERP Than Others?
Vendor ERP
• Founded 1972
• Latest version
mySAP ERP
a former IBM employee
• Founded 1987
• Beginning Human
resources and
payroll accounting
• 2003, merger with
• 2005, acquired by
David Duffield
a former IBM employee
• Founded 1977
• Beginning: Data
Management
• Oracle Financials
successor of
Oracle’s ERP
product.
Larry Ellison
One of Oracle founders
Sumber: http://www.erpsoftware360.com/erp-software.htm
ERP Modules
SAP Modules
Oracle e-business Suite Modules
Strategi Implementasi
ERP
Lokasi tertentu
Semua lokasi
Modul tertentu
Semua modul
Rollout dan
Modular
Rollout
Big Bang dan
Modular
Big Bang
End of This Session