skripsi sistem pendukung keputusan penentuan
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SKRIPSI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN KELAYAKAN PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR TANAH Oleh : Moh Khoirudin 2011-51-262 PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS 2015 i SKRIPSI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN KELAYAKAN PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR TANAH Oleh : Moh Khoirudin 2011-51-262 PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS 2015 ii iii iv v vi ABSTRACT The bridge is a means of connecting between places separated by the river, the bridge construction project aims to mmemperlancar path of the economy, development and connecting lines between the place or region .. In this paper the authors designed sustu system capable of supporting decisions that determine the structure of the soil to membangu bridge. Applications built a web-based applications using the programming language PHP and using MySQL databse. The method used in this application is Analytichal Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method is a method known as weighted summation method used to find the optimal alternative of a number of alternatives with the following criteria: soil structure, layout area, bridge type, soil type, the type of foundation. then also requires the decision matrix normalization process to a scale which can be compared with all the ratings of existing alternatives so as to determine the feasibility of building a bridge that is based on the structure of the soil. Keywords: bridge, project, site, Systems, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Php, MySQL vii ABSTRAK Jembatan adalah suatu sarana penghubung antar tempat yang terpisah oleh sungai, proyek pembangunan jembatan bertujuan untuk mmemperlancar jalur perekonomian, pembangunan dan jalur penghubung antar tempat atau wilayah.. Pada skripsi ini penulis merancang sustu sistem Pendukung keputusan yang mampu menentukan struktur tanah untuk membangu jembatan. Aplikasi yang dibangun merupakan aplikasi berbasis web dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman php dan menggunakan databse MySQL. Metode yang digunakan dalam aplikasi ini adalah Analytichal Hierarchy Process(AHP). Metode ini merupakan metode yang dikenal dengan metode penjumlahan berbobot yang digunakan untuk mencari alternatif optimal dari sejumlah alternatif dengan kriteria-kriteria sebagai berikut: struktur tanah, letak daerah, jenis jembatan, jenis tanah, jenis pondasi. kemudian juga membutuhkan proses normalisasi matriks keputusan ke suatu skala yang dapat diperbandingkan dengan semua rating alternatif yang ada sehingga dapat menentukan kelayakan bangunan jembatan yang berdasarkan struktur tanah. Kata kunci :jembatan, proyek, Web, Sistem, Analytichal Hierarchy Process(AHP), Php, MySQL viii KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas Rahmat dan Hidayah-Nya penulis mampu menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi ini dengan judul “sistem pendukung keputusan penentuan kelayakan pembangunan jembatan berdasarkan struktur tanah dengan menggunakan metode analitychal hierarchy process (AHP). Skripsi ini disusun guna melengkapi salah satu persyaratan untuk memperoleh Gelar Kesarjanaan Progam Studi Teknik Informatika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muria Kudus. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan Rahmat dan Hidayah-Nya. 2. Bapak Dr. Soeparnyo, selaku Rektor Universitas Muria Kudus. 3. Bapak Rochmad Winarso, ST., MT., selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muria Kudus. 4. Bapak Ahmad Jazuli, M.Kom, selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Muria Kudus. 5. Ibu Rina Fiati, S.T,M.Cs selaku pembimbing I yang telah banyak memberikan masukan selama penyusunan skripsi ini. 6. Bapak Arief Susanto, S.T, M.Kom, selaku pembimbing II yang telah banyak memberikan masukan selama penyusunan skripsi ini. 7. Teman-Teman Teknik Informatika Angkatan 2011, yang sudah memberikan masukan dan nasehat untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini dan proses akhir laporan skripsi, serta semua pihak yang telah membantu penyusunan skripsi ini yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu persatu, yang telah memberikan semangat dan motivasi. Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa dalam penyusunan skripsi ini masih terdapat banyak kekurangan. Selain itu penulis juga berharap semoga karya tulis ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi semua. Kudus, 22 Desember 2015 Penulis ix DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN SAMPUL ......................................................................................................... i HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................................. ii PENGESAHAN STATUS SKRIPSI ................................................................................... iii PERNYATAAN PENULIS ................................................................................................. iv PERSETUJJUAN SKRIPSI ................................................................................................. v PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ................................................................................................... vi ABTRACT ............................................................................................................................ vii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................ viii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................. xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................ xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... xix BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................... 2 1.3 Batasan Masalah.................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................................. 3 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 4 2.1 Penelitian Terkait ................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Landasn Teori...................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Pengertian Sistem Pendukung Keputusan…..................................... ................................................................... 8 x 2.2.2 Tujuan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan ....................................................... 8 2.2.3 Fase Pengambilan Keputusan .................................................................... 9 2.2.4 Arsitektur Sistem Pendukung Keputusan................................................... 10 2.2.5 Karateristik Sisitem Pendukung Keputusan ............................................... 11 2.2.6 Metode Analitychal hierarchy process ....................................................... 12 2.2.6.1 Prinsip dasar Metode Analitychal hierarchy process .................... 12 2.2.7 Database Sistem Pendukung Keputusan .................................................... 14 2.2.8 Analisa Sistem ............................................................................................ 14 2.2.9 Perancangan Sistem ................................................................................... 15 2.2.9.1 Bagan Alir (Flowchart) .................................................................. 15 2.2.9.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) .............................................. 17 2.2.9.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ............................................................ 18 2.2.9.4 Perangkat Lunak yang Digunakan ................................................. 19 2.2.9.4.1 PHP ....................................................................................... 19 2.2.9.4.2 MySQL................................................................................... 21 2.2.9.4.3 HTML .................................................................................... 21 2.2.9.4.4 CSS ........................................................................................ 22 2.2.9.4.5 Jquery .................................................................................... 22 2.2.9.4.6 Macromedia Dreamweaver CS5 ........................................... 22 2.3 Kerangka pemikiran ............................................................................................ 23 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN........................................................................................ 24 3.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................. 24 3.2 Metodologi Pengembangan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan ................................ 24 xi BAB IV PERANCANGAN SISTEM ................................................................................... 26 4.1 Deskripsi Masalah ............................................................................................... 26 4.2 Tujuan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan ................................................................ 26 4.3 Pengguna Sistem Pendukung Keputusan ............................................................ 26 4.4 Variabel-variabel Keputusan / Kriteria-kriteria .................................................. 26 4.5 Diagram / Arsitektur Sistem Pendukung Keputusan .......................................... 29 4.6 Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process(AHP) digunakan untuk menghitung kelayakan pembangunan jembatan berdasarkan struktur tanah.................................................................................................................... 30 4.7 Perhitungan Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process(AHP) ................................. 31 4.7.1 Pemberian Bobot Kriteria ......................................................................... 31 4.7.2 Pemberian Bobot Subkriteria .................................................................... 32 4.7.3 Penilaian Subkriteria ................................................................................. 34 4.7.4 Perkalian kriteria ....................................................................................... 36 4.8 Desain.................................................................................................................. 37 4.8.1 Pemodelan Data ........................................................................................ 37 4.8.1.1 ERD (Entity Relational Diagram) ................................................... 37 4.8.1.2 Tabel-tabel........................................................................................ 38 4.8.1.3 Relasi antar tabel .............................................................................. 45 4.8.2 Pemodelan Proses...................................................................................... 46 4.8.2.1 Bagan Air (Flowchart) ..................................................................... 46 4.8.2.2 Context Diagram .............................................................................. 49 4.8.2.3 Dekomposisi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan kelayakan pembangunan jembatan ............................................................................... 51 4.8.2.4 DFD (Data Flow Diagram) ............................................................. 52 4.8.3 Desain Antarmuka (Interface)................................................................... 60 4.8.3.1 Halaman User ................................................................................... 60 xii 4.8.3.2 Desain Input dan Output .................................................................. 64 BAB V IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM .................................................................................... 70 5.1 Kebutuhan Sistem ............................................................................................... 70 5.2 Imtplementasi Aplikasi ....................................................................................... 71 5.3 pengujian ............................................................................................................. 80 5.3.1 Hasil Pengujian Sistem Menggunakan Black box...................................... 80 5.3.2 Kesimpulan Hasil Pengujian Black box ..................................................... 82 BAB VI PENUTUP ............................................................................................................. 83 6.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 83 6.2 Saran.................................................................................................................... 83 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN xiii DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 2.1 Perbandingan Penelitian Terkait ......................................................................... 5 Tabel 2.2 Penilaian kriteria dan alternatif ........................................................................... 13 Tabel 2.3 Simbol-simbol Flowchart ................................................................................... 16 Tabel 2.4 Komponen- komponen ERD............................................................................... 17 Tabel 4.1 Matrix perbandingan kriteria .............................................................................. 31 Tabel 4.2 Matrix perbandingan kriteria struktur tanah ....................................................... 32 Tabel 4.3 Matrix perbandingan kriteria letak daerah .......................................................... 33 Tabel 4.4 Matrix perbandingan kriteria jenis jembatan ...................................................... 33 Tabel 4.5 Matrix perbandingan kriteria jenis tanah ............................................................ 33 Tabel 4.6 Matrix perbandingan kriteria jenis pondasi ........................................................ 34 Tabel 4.7 Matrix penilaian kriteria struktur tanah .............................................................. 34 Tabel 4.8 Matrix penilaian kriteria letak daerah ................................................................ 34 Tabel 4.9 Matrix penilaian kriteria jenis jembatan ............................................................. 35 Tabel 4.10 Matrix penilaian kriteria jenis tanah ................................................................. 35 Tabel 4.11 Matrix penilaian kriteria jenis pondasi.............................................................. 35 Tabel 4.12 Petugas .............................................................................................................. 39 Tabel 4.13 Data jembatan ................................................................................................... 40 Tabel 4.14 Kriteria .............................................................................................................. 40 Tabel 4.15 Subkriteria ......................................................................................................... 41 Tabel 4.16 Penilaian ............................................................................................................ 42 Tabel 4.17 Batas keputusan................................................................................................. 43 Tabel 4.18 Tipe Jembatan ................................................................................................... 43 Tabel 4.17 Lokasi Jembatan................................................................................................ 43 Tabel 4.17 Detail Penilaian ................................................................................................. 44 xiv Tabel 5.1 Hasil Pengujian Halaman Kriteria ...................................................................... 81 Tabel 5.2 Hasil Pengujian data kriteria ............................................................................... 81 Tabel 5.3 Hasil Pengujian Halaman penilaian .................................................................... 82 xv DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 2.1 Proses pengambilan keputusan.......................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.2 Arsitektur Decision Support System.................................................................. 11 Gambar 2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran .......................................................................................... 23 Gambar 4.1 Diagram Arsitektur Sistem pendukung keputusan penentuan kelayakan pembangunan jembatan metode AHP ............................................................... 29 Gambar 4.2 Struktur hierarki sistem pendukung keputusan penentuan kelayakan pembangunan jemabatan ................................................................................... 30 Gambar 4.3 ERD ................................................................................................................... 38 Gambar 4.4 Relasi Antar Tabel ............................................................................................. 46 Gambar 4.5 Bagan Alir (Flowchart) yang sedang berjalan .................................................. 47 Gambar 4.6 Bagan Alir (Flowchart) Sistem Yang diusulkan ............................................... 48 Gambar 4.7 Context Diagram ............................................................................................... 50 Gambar 4.8 Analysis Report-Rule Check Context Diagram ................................................. 50 Gambar 4.9 Analysis Report-Level Balance Context Diagram ............................................ 51 Gambar 4.10 Dekomposisi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan kelayakan pembangunan jembatan ................................................................................................................................ 51 Gambar 4.11 DFD level 0 ..................................................................................................... 52 Gambar 4.12 Analysis Report-Rule Check DFD level 0 ....................................................... 53 Gambar 4.13 Analysis Report-Level Balace DFD Level 0 ................................................... 54 Gambar 4.14 DFD level 1 Pendataan Kriteria ...................................................................... 54 Gambar 4.15 Analysis Report-Rule Check DFD level 1 Pendataan Kriteria ........................ 55 Gambar 4.16 Analysis Report-Level Balance DFD level 1 Pendataan Kriteria .................... 55 Gambar 4.17 DFD level 1 Pendataan SubKriteria ................................................................ 56 Gambar 4.18 Analysis Report-Rule Check DFD level 1 Pendataan SubKriteria .................. 56 xvi Gambar 4.19 Analysis Report-Level Balance DFD level 1 Pendataan SubKriteria ............. 57 Gambar 4.20 DFD level 1 Proses perhitungan Keputusan .................................................... 58 Gambar 4.21 Analysis Report-Rule Check DFD level 1 Perhitungan Keputusan................. 59 Gambar 4.22 Analysis Report-Level Balance DFD level 1 Perhitungan Keputusan ............ 59 Gambar 4.23 Layout Halaman .............................................................................................. 60 Gambar 4.24 Struktur Menu Petugas .................................................................................... 61 Gambar 4.25 Halaman Menu Utama Petugas ....................................................................... 62 Gambar 4.26 Struktur Menu kontraktor ................................................................................ 63 Gambar 4.27 Halaman Menu Utama kontraktor ................................................................... 63 Gambar 4.28 Desain Halaman Login .................................................................................... 64 Gambar 4.29 Desain Peringatan Login gagal ....................................................................... 64 Gambar 4.30 Desain Halaman menu kriteria ........................................................................ 64 Gambar 4.31 Desain Halaman subkriteria ............................................................................ 65 Gambar 4.32 Desain Halaman batas keputusan .................................................................... 66 Gambar 4.33 Desain Halaman menu data jembatan ............................................................. 66 Gambar 4.34 Desain Halaman output data jembatan ............................................................ 67 Gambar 4.35 Desain Halaman data penilaian ....................................................................... 68 Gambar 4.36 Desain Halaman output daftar hasil penilaian................................................. 69 Gambar 5.1 Tampilan Utama Pada sistem ............................................................................ 71 Gambar 5.2 Tampilan script menu utama ............................................................................. 71 Gambar 5.3 Tampilan Menu kriteria..................................................................................... 73 Gambar 5.4 Tampilan script menu kriteria ........................................................................... 74 Gambar 5.5 Tampilan halaman penilaian ............................................................................. 75 Gambar 5.6 Tampilan script inputan penilaian ..................................................................... 77 Gambar 5.7 Tampilan Menu cetak data ................................................................................ 78 Gambar 5.8 Tampilan script cetak data................................................................................. 79 xvii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Data penilaian jembatan Lampiran 2 Buku Konsultasi Skripsi Lampiran 3 Lembar Revisi Sidang Skripsi xviii