viii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL

DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI............................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN..................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ...................................................................................... xii
INTISARI............................................................................................................. xiv
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….. xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................... 1
A.Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1
B.Perumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 4
C.Tujuan .......................................................................................................... 4
D.Urgensi Penelitian ........................................................................................ 4
E. Tinjauan Pustaka .......................................................................................... 5
1. Kanker Payudara dan Sel 4T1 .................................................................. 5
2. Metastasis ................................................................................................. 8
3. Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) ......................................................... 13
4. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) dan Perannya dalam Metastasis 17
F. Landasan Teori........................................................................................... 21
G.Hipotesis..................................................................................................... 22
BAB II METODE PENELITIAN......................................................................... 23
A.Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................................. 23
B.Bahan Penelitian......................................................................................... 24
C.Alat Penelitian............................................................................................ 27
D.Prosedur Penelitian..................................................................................... 27
E. Analisis Data .............................................................................................. 33
F. Bagan Pelaksanaan Penelitian.................................................................... 34
BAB III HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN............................................................... 35
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A. Determinasi Simplisia Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.
Kumm.) .......................................................................................................... 35
B. Pembuatan Ekstrak Etanolik Jamur Tiram................................................ 36
C. Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia EEJT ........................................................ 38
D. Uji Sitotoksik EEJT pada sel kanker payudara 4T1.................................. 40
E. Efek Pemberian EEJT pada Migrasi Sel Kanker Payudara 4T1 ............... 44
F. Efek Pemberian EEJT pada Penurunan Ekspresi Protein MMP-9............ 46
BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 50
A.KESIMPULAN .......................................................................................... 50
B.SARAN ...................................................................................................... 50
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 52
LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................... 61
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Jamur Tiram ........................................................................................ 15
Gambar 2. Struktur Lovastatin.............................................................................. 16
Gambar 3. Struktur domain gelatinase.................................................................. 17
Gambar 4. Reaksi MTT assay............................................................................... 26
Gambar 5. Skema Penelitian ................................................................................. 34
Gambar 6. Simplisia Jamur Tiram ........................................................................ 35
Gambar 7. Ekstrak Kental Jamur Tiram ............................................................... 36
Gambar 8. Profil KLT EEJT dalam Deteksi Steroid............................................. 39
Gambar 9. Efek sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanolik Jamur Tiram (EEJT) terhadap
viabilitas sel kanker payudara 4T1 melalui MTT assay ..................... 41
Gambar 10. Efek perlakuan EEJT terhadap migrasi sel kanker payudara 4T1 .... 45
Gambar 11. Efek perlakuan EEJT terhadap ekspresi Protein MMP-9.................. 47
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Surat Pernyataan Hasil Determinasi ...........................................
Lampiran 2. Hasil Rendemen Ekstrak Etanolik Jamur Tiram ........................
Lampiran 3. Penentuan Nilai IC50............................…………………………
Lampiran 4. Scratch Wound Healing Assay............................………………
Lampiran 5. Hasil Anova Data Scratch Wound Healing Assay.......................
Lampiran 6. Hasil Uji Gelatin Zymograph............................………………...
Lampiran 7. Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian ...........................................
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64
65
67
69
72
73
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
4T1
AlCl3
Bax
Bcl
BFGF
BRCA1
BRCA2
CCRC
Cdc42
CIPI/WAF1
c-myc
COLO-205
DMEM
DMSO
ECM
EDTA
EEJT
EGF
EGFR
ELISA
ER
ERBB-2/HER-2
FAK
FBS
FGF
HCl
HCT-116
HIF
hRf
HT-29
IARC
IC50
IGF
IL-1b
KLT
KS
LAF
MAPK
MAPK
MCF-10
MCF-7
MDA-MB-231
= Mouse mammary tumor cell line 4T1
= Alumunium klorida
= Bcl-2-associated X protein
= B-cell lymphoma-2
= Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
= Breast Cancer type 1
= Breast Cancer type 2
= Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center
= Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-42
= Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1
= Cloning Myelocytomation Oncogene
= Homo sapiens colon cancer cell
= Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
= Dimetil Sulfoksida
= Extracellular Matrix
= Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid
= Ekstrak Etanolik Jamur Tiram
= Epidermal Growth Factor
= Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
= Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
= Estrogen Receptor
= Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
= Focal Adhesi Kinase
= Fetal Bovine Serum
= Fibroblast Growth Factor
= Asam klorida
= Homo sapiens colon colorectal carcinoma
= Hypoxia-inducible Factor
= Homologous Retention Factor
= Homo sapiens colon colorectal adenocarcinoma
= International Agency for Research on Cancer
= Inhibitory Concentration 50%
= Insulin-like Growth Factor
= Interleukin 1 Beta
= Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
= Kontrol Sel
= Laminar Air Flow
= Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase
= Mitogen-activated protein kinase
= Michigan Cancer Foundation-10
= Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
= Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Isolated from
Caucasian Women
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MMP
MMP-2
MMP-9
MTT
NaNO2
NF-ĸB
NIH 3T3
p53
PBS
PR
PTEN
Ras
ROS
SDS
SK-MEL-28
TGFα
TGF-β
TNF-α
VEGF
VEGF-A
v-H-Ras 3T3
WHO
= Matrix Metalloproteinase
= Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
= Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
= [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromida]
= Natrium Nitrat
= Nuclear Factor kappa-B
= mouse embryonic fibroblast cells
= Protein 53 (Tumor suppressor gene)
= Phosphat Buffer Saline
= Progesterone Receptor
= Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog
= Rat Sarcoma
= Reactive Oxygen Species
= Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
= Homo sapiens skin malignant melanoma
= Transformation Growth Factor
= Transforming Growth Factor Beta
= Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
= Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
= Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
= transformed phenotypes of v-H-ras-transformed NIH 3T3
cells
= World Health Organization
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