Supply Chain - Industrial Engineering 2011

Supply Chain Management
Andary A Munita Hanafiah
Rule Of Conduct
• Min 80% Present in Class
• Don’t Use Sandal, Kaos Oblong and Hand
Phone During the Lecture
• Having Good Attitude
• Complete all assignment On time
Tantangan Yang Dihadapi
• Perubahan kondisi Pasar : Seller’s Market  Buyer’s
Market.
• Kebutuhan Konsumen :
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•
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Keragaman dari produk
Ketersediaan produk
Harga yang bersaing
Layanan yang ditawarkan
Prilaku beli Konsumen
• Kompetisi Global
Kebutuhan Manufaktur
Variety
Product
Foreign
Shorter Lead
Time
Lower Cost
Competitive
Price
Good Quality
Technology
Investment
Customer
Satisfaction
Local
Rantai Pasokan
Definitions and Terminology
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•
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Supply Chain
Supply Chain Management
Distribution Channel
Demand management
Logistics management
Supply Chain
Sekelompok pendekatan yang berdaya guna
untuk memadukan para pemasok, manufaktur,
channel distribusi, sehingga produk dapat
diproduksi dan didistribusi dalam jumlah, lokasi,
dan pada waktu yang tepat untuk meminimasi
biaya systemwide sementara memenuhi system
level requirement. [David Simchi Levi ]
Aliran dalam Rantai Pasokan
Supplier
Manufacture
Distributor
Customer
Financial (Invoice, TOP), Material/Products, Information (Capacity, Delivery)
Payment, Retur, Information (Order, Forcast)
Konsep Rantai Pasokan
Dalam konsep SC ini juga termasuk didalamnya
Perencanaan & Pengaturan :
- New product development
- Marketing
- Operations
- Distribution
- Finance
- Customer service
Manfaat SCM :
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•
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Mengurangi inventory barang
Menjamin kelancaran penyediaan barang
Menjamin mutu
Mengembangkan supplier partnership
Performance of a Supply Chain
• Cost of the products delivered to markets
• Level of service provided to customers
Managing the supply chain effectively can improve
customer service levels dramatically, reduce excess
inventory in the system, and cut excess costs from the
logistic network
Fase Pengambilan Keputusan Dalam SC
 Merancang Strategi
• Menentukan Struktur & Proses pada tiap tahapan dalam SC
• Mentukan Keputusan Strategic dalam SC :
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Lokasi & Kapasitas Fasilitas
Produk
Moda Transportasi
Sistem Informasi
 Perencanaan
– Lokasi Target Pemasaran
– Level Inventory
– Promosi & Pemasaran
 Operational
• Horizon Perencanaan lebih pendek (Alokasi pesanan, due date,
Jadwal penghantaran)
• Tingkat ketidakpastian yang lebih rendah
Kerangka Pengambilan Keputusan
Corporate Strategy
Competitive Strategy
Supply Chain Strategy
Supply Chain Structure
Inventory
Transport
W’housing
Information
Area Cakupan SCM
BAGIAN
CAKUPAN KEGIATAN
Pengembangan Produk
Riset Pasar, merancang produk baru, melibatkan supplier
dalma perancangan produk baru
Pengadaan
Memilih supplier, mengevaluasi kinerja supplier, melakukan
pembelian bahan baku dan komponen, membina hubungan
dengansupplier
Perencanaan dan
pengendalian
Demand planning, peramalan permintaan, perencanaan
kapasitas, perencanaan produksi dan persediaan
Operasi/produksi
Eksekusi produksi, pengendalian persediaan dan mutu
Pengiriman/distribusi
Perencanaan jaringan distribusi, penjadualan pengiriman,
memelihara hubungan dengan perusahaan jasa pengiriman,
memonitor service level ditiap pusat distribusi
The Supply Chain
VISA
Material Flow
Supplier
®
Credit Flow
Manufacturing
Supplier
Schedules
Order
Flow
Retailer
Consumer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Cash
Flow
Inventory
 Sumber daya menganggur (Idle) yang menunggu proses lebih lanjut
 Jenis Inventori :
• Bahan Mentah (RAW MATERIAL)
• Barang Setengah Jadi (WIP)
• Barang Jadi (Finished Goods)
 Fungsi :
• Menjamin kelancaran proses pemenuhan permintaan sesuai
dengan kebutuhan pemakai
• Meredam fluktuasi permintaan agar tidak terjadi kekurangan
• Motif spekulasi
Siklus Pengadaan Barang
RENCANA
KEBUTUHAN
( RK )
PEMASOK
1
PROGRAM
PENGADAAN
2
PENYIMPANAN
3
PEMAKAIAN
(1) PROSES TENDER DAN KONTRAK
(2) TRANSAKSI PENERIMAAN
(3) TRANSAKSI PENGELUARAN
Integrasi Rantai Supply Vs Inventory
Stage 1: baseline
Purchasing
Material
Control
Production
Sales
Distribution
Stage 2: functional integration
Materials
Management
Manufacturing
Management
Distribution
Stage 3: internal integration (logistics)
Materials
Management
Manufacturing
Distribution
Management
Stage 4: external integration(supply chain)
Suppliers
Internal supply
Customers
chain
Why Supply Chain Management?
Parts
$5,000
1950-1980s Manufacturing
Labor
4000
• 1950, U.S. is the only country that can
manufacture cars.
Overhead
2000
● You buy a car from GM, all the money
will go to the GM.
1980-2000s Supply Chain
Management
• Today, foreign parts and labors are
much cheaper than that in US.
● You buy a car from GM, only a portion
of money will go to the GM.
Management
Marketing
3000
Total Cost
$14,000
Transportasi
• Fungsi :
– Perpindahan Barang
– Penyimpanan Barang
• Prinsip :
– Skala Ekomonis : Biaya per satuan unit vs Jumlah pengiriman
– Jarak Ekonomis : Biaya per satuan unit vs Jarak pengiriman
• Pengaturan dalam Transportasi :
- Transport Planning
- Vehicle Routing and Scheduling
- Delivery Execution and Shipment Tracking
Distribution Channel For Consumer Good
Consumer
Manufacture
Manufacture
Manufacture
Wholesaler
Retailer
Consumer
Retailer
Consumer
Retailer
Consumer
Jobber
Manufacture
Wholesaler
Transportation & Logistic
• Physical movement of goods and services
• Companies need to adopt a strategic transportation
sourcing (STS) approach
• Strategic sourcing considers costs within the total
manufacturing and distribution supply and demand
environment
• Companies sometimes outsource the
transportation activities
Distribution
• Pengaturan dalam saluran distribusi :
• Specialization
• Assortment
Information Technology for Supply Chain
Management
• Software Systems
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Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM)
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Internet-based Software
• Network Infrastructure
– Wide Area Network
– Internet (for E-commerce: B2B, B2C)
Andary A Munita Hanafiah
Global Supply Chain Issue
Supply chains in a global environment must be:
– Flexible enough to react to sudden changes in parts
availability, distribution, or shipping channels,
import duties, and currency rates
– Able to use the latest computer and transmission
technologies to manage the shipment of parts in
and finished products out
– Staffed with local specialists to handle duties, trade,
freight, customs and political issues