Atmosfer: Sifat fisik-kimia dan pembentukan lapisan
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Atmosfer: Sifat fisikkimia dan pembentukan lapisan Bagian 2 SIRKULASI ATMOSFIR IKLIM DAN SIRKULASI GLOBAL The surface currents 24 Climate patterns and moisture distribution ENERGY BALANCE ATMOSFIR BUMI Termodinamika Atmosfer menjelaskan konversi energi matahari (input) ke atmosfer dan thd respon atmosfer (turbulensi, sirkulasi, link sirkulasi dengan transfer energi (radiasi), panas sensibel dan laten antara permukaan bumi dengan atmosfer Atmosfer merupakan rekator kimia low temperatur Important Chemistry: UV Stratosphere O3 layer Tropopause -70oC 14 km visible UV absorption by O3 Troposphere Regional and global biogenic emissions (CH4) Urban Anthropogenic emissions Surface O3 IR absorption by Greenhouse gases (H2O, CH4, CO2) Surface emissions resulting in O3 and aerosol formation, and acid rain Atmospheric Chemistry starts with sunlight O3 v = c/ O +O2 • Breaking chemical bonds requires energy • Sunlight has energy • If sufficient energy is deposited in the bond, then it will break • O3 has a bond energy of ~105 kJ mol-1 visible E = hv Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Near UV Far UV 700 620 580 530 470 420 400-200 200-50 Energy/kJ mol-1 170 190 210 230 250 280 300-600 600-2400 The Troposphere Stratosphere, upper atmosphere 10-16 k m, -56ūC Troposphere O2, N2, Ar, CO2, trace gas es Vapor NO 2 + h NO + O Photoche mical reactions H2O Droplets Air pollutan ts Particle s Temperature invers ion We athe r TRAPPED BY MIXED LAYER Mixed layer Thermal inversion Temperature Inversion Transport, Reaksi, dan Presipitasi Areas Surrounding the Site of Release