xii INTISARI Gangguan pendengaran akibat pajanan

INTISARI
Gangguan pendengaran akibat pajanan bising biasanya diakibatkan oleh
bising lingkungan kerja. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi gangguan
pendengaran akibat pajanan bising antara lain; intensitas dan tipe bising, periode
pajanan per hari, lama masa kerja dan kerentanan individu. Paparan bising
meningkatkan kebutuhan oksigen telinga dalam. Kadar hemoglobin merupakan
salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pengangkutan oksigen ke jaringan termasuk
telinga dalam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar
hemoglobin dengan nilai ambang dengar pekerja yang terpapar bising.
Desain penelitian cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 63
sampel. Dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni untuk menentukan nilai
ambang dengar dan pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk menentukan kadar
hemoglobin. Pada 63 sampel didapatkan perempuan dengan rentang usia antara
20-50 tahun dan masa kerja antara 60-226 bulan. Hasil analisis Spearman
menunjukkan kadar hemoglobin berkorelasi dengan nilai ambang dengar hantaran
tulang pada frekuensi 500 Hz telinga kanan (r = -0,365, p = 0,003) dan 500 Hz
telinga kiri (r = -0,282, p = 0,025). Kadar hemoglobin berkorelasi dengan nilai
ambang dengar hantaran udara pada frekuensi 500 Hz, 8000 Hz telinga kanan
berturut-turut adalah r = -0,229, p = 0,017 dan r = -0,257, p = 0,042, sedangkan
pada frekuensi 500 Hz telinga kiri adalah r = -0,258, p=0,041.
Kesimpulan: terdapat korelasi negatif antara kadar hemoglobin dengan
nilai ambang dengar hantaran tulang pada frekuensi 500 Hz telinga kanan dan 500
Hz telinga kiri, hantaran udara pada frekuensi 500 Hz, 8000 Hz telinga kanan dan
500 Hz telinga kiri pada pekerja yang terpapar bising yang cukup keras dan lama.
Kata kunci: Noise induced hearing loss, nilai ambang dengar, hemoglobin.
xii
ABSTRACT
Hearing loss due to noise exposure often caused by the noisy work
environment. Many factors affect the rate and severity of hearing loss due to noise
exposure, i.e: the intensity, the noise type, period of exposure per day, working
duration and individual susceptibility. Noise exposure increase inner ear oxygen
demand. Hemogobin levels is one of the factors that affect the oxygen transport to
the tissues, including inner ears. The aim of this study was to know correlation
between hemoglobin and hearing threshold of workers that exposed to noise.
The study design was cross sectional with total sample are 63 samples.
Each sample underwent pure tone audiometry for measuring hearing threshold
and laboratory examination for determined haemoglobin consentration. There
were 63 female samples, age range between 20-50 year old, working duration
between 60-226 months. Spearman analysis showed there was correlation
between hemoglobin level and bone conduction hearing threshold values at a
frequency of 500 Hz in right ear (r=-0,365, p= 0,003) and 500 Hz left ear (r= 0,282, p = 0,025). Correlation between hemoglobin concentration and air
conduction hearing threshold values at a frequency of 500 Hz, 8000 Hz right ear
are r = -0,229 , p = 0,017 and r= -0,257, p = 0,042 respetively, while at 500 Hz left
ear was r = -0,258, p= 0,041.
Conclusion: there was a negative correlation between hemoglobin levels
and bone conduction and hearing threshold values at a frequency of 500 Hz right
ear and 500 Hz left ear, air conduction at a frequency of 500 Hz, 8000 Hz right ear
and 500 Hz left ear that was exposed to loud enough and long duration noise.
Key words: noise induced hearing loss, hearing threshold values, hemoglobin
xiii