xi UJI DAYA ANTIHELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL 70

UJI DAYA ANTIHELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL 70 % BAWANG PUTIH (Allium
sativum L.) TERHADAP CACING Ascaridia galli In vitro
INTISARI
Latar Belakang : Di Indonesia prevalensi infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides masih cukup tinggi,
terutama pada anak-anak. Mengingat dampaknya yang sangat merugikan, diperlukan usaha
untuk mengatasi infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides. Selama ini penggunaan obat-obat cacing
sintetik oleh masyarakat masih belum optimal dikarenakan harga obat yang mahal dan
munculnya efek samping obat. Sehingga perlu adanya alternatif pengobatan tradisional yang
murah, mudah didapatkan dan memiliki efek samping minimal. Bawang putih (Allium sativum
L.) dapat digunakan sebagai obat alternatif karena mengandung saponin dan flavonoid yang
dipercaya memiliki efek antihelmintik. Karena Ascaris lumbricoides yang hidup di usus
manusia sulit didapatkan maka sebagai hewan coba digunakan Ascaridia galli yang hidup di
usus ayam.
Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui daya antihelmintik ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium
sativum L.) terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli In vitro dan mengetahui nilai LC50, LC90, LT50
dan LT90 ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) tersebut.
Metode Penelitian : Studi eksperimental ini terbagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama adalah
uji pendahuluan untuk menentukan lama hidup cacing diluar tubuh hospes dengan
menggunakan larutan NaCl 0,9% dan DMSO 1%. Waktu yang didapatkan dari uji
pendahuluan akan digunakan sebagai acuan waktu maksimal untuk melakukan uji utama.
Tahap kedua adalah uji utama menggunakan larutan ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium
sativum L.) konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25% dan 12,5% dengan empat kali replikasi. Pada setiap
kelompok perlakuan dimasukkan 10 ekor cacing yang diamati kematiannya setiap 1 jam
sampai batas maksimal waktu penelitian. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way Anova dan
dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc Test Bonferoni. Analisis probit dilakukan untuk mengetahui
LC50, LC90, LT50 dan LT90 ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum L.).
Hasil : Ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) memiliki efek antihelmintik
terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli in vitro. Rerata waktu kematian cacing pada kelompok
perlakuan perendaman dengan ekstrak etanol 70% konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25% dan 12,5%
serta kelompok kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna signifikan dengan nilai
p=0,000 (p<0,05). LC50 ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum) sebesar 26,852%
dan LC90 sebesar 65,85%. Pada konsentrasi 100% ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium
sativum) nilai LT50 adalah 3,207 jam dan nilai LT90 adalah 5,481 jam. Pada konsentrasi 50%,
25% dan 12,5% nilai LT50 dan LT90 semakin besar.
Kata Kunci : Antihelmintik, Bawang putih (Allium sativum), Ascaridia galli, in vitro
xi
ANTHELMINTIC EFFECT OF THE 70% ETANOL EXTRACT OF GARLIC (Allium
sativum L.) AGAINST Ascaridia galli In vitro
ABSTRACT
Background : In Indonesia, the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection is still high,
especially in children. Because its harmful effect on children, an effort to overcome Ascaris
lumbricoides infection is needed. The use of synthetic helminthes drug by the community is
not yet optimal because the price of the drug is still expensive to afford, and there’re some side
effects. Therefore, there must be an alternative in traditional treatment which is cheap, easily
obtainable, and having minimal side effects. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) can be used as an
alternative drug because it has saponin and flavonoid which is believed in having
anthelminthic effect. Ascaris lumbricoides in human body is quite hard to obtain, therefore we
use Ascardia galli as experimental animal, which lived in chicken gut.
Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand the anthelminthic effect of 70% ethanol
extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Ascaridia galli In vitro and to understand the
value of LC50, LC90, LT50, and LT90 of 70% ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.).
Method :The study was an experimental study, in which divided in 2 stages. The first stage
was pilot study to determine the life span of helminthes outside its hosts with NaCl 0,9%
solvent and DMSO 1%. The life span gotten in the pilot study will be used as a maximal time
reference to perform the main experiment. The second stage was the main experiment, using
70% ethanol extract garlic (Allium sativum L.) with concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, and
12,5% with four times replication. In each experimental group, we included 10 helminthes and
we observe its death for every 1 hour until the maximal experimental time. The analytic data
that was used in this study is One Way Anova, and then continued by Post Hoc Test
Bonferoni. The probit analysis was done to understand LC50, LC90, LT50, and LT50 in 70%
ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.).
Result : 70% ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) had anthelmintic effect against
Ascaridia galli in vitro. The mean death time on experimental group with submersion 70%
ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.), concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12,5%, was
having a significant difference with p value of p=0,0000 (p<0,05). LC50 of 70% ethanol
extract garlic (Allium sativum L.) was as much as 26,852% and LC90 was as much as 65,85%.
In their 100% concentration of 70% ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.), the LT50
value was 3,207 hours and LT90 value was 5,481 hours. In concentration of 50%, 25%, and
12,5% the LT50 value and LT90 value was higher.
Keywords : Anthelmintic, garlic (Allium sativum L.), Ascaridia galli, in vitro
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